• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.16-34
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• 1995

This study aims to analyze the impact of cement industry on region change. For this study Maepo-Eub was selected as study area, where three cement factories are located. The data for analysis were obtained from interviews, questionaire surveys and the employee list of each cement factory. The analytic procedures for this study are as follows: 1) The change of regional employment was analyzed by development was industry in terms of the permanent address, education level, occupational status of the employee. 2) The degree of population growth are analyzed by developmental staae of the industry. Some conclusions from this study follows: 1) As these cement factories were built at Maepo in the 1960's, there were plenty of employment opportunities. Thus many technicians and workers flooded in Maepo-Eub. in the 1970's with the expansion of production facilities therewere much more immigrants to the industrial region, while there were outflow in the neighboring rural areas. In the 1980's the opportunity for the employment of cement factories have been decreased due to the introduction of the automation processes and larger, sized machines. Among the employee of three cement factories the native of Chungcheongbukdo (65%; in them Danyang 52%, Jecheon 32%) is dominant, the second is from Kangwon-do (13%), and the third is from Kyungsangbuk-do (11%) adjacent to Chungcheongbuk-do. It means that there are more employment opportunity in the near places of cement factories. 2) In the period of 1960's study area had experineed rapid social increase in population by the development of cement industry. That is, cement industries created new job opportunities and attracted large population concentration into this area. In the period of 1970's the population of the industrial region have increased continuously, while the population of neighboring rural areas have decreased. In the period of 1980's the population of Maepo decreased steadily because of decrease of labour forces through automation and commuting. Thus in the early stage of idustrial development large population concentrated in the neighboring villages of cement factories, and formed residential areas, commercial areas and service areas. As agricultural and was encroached, rural people left their regions to live in the more convenient suburbs. 3) People engaged in cement industry think that cement industry has a favorable influence on regional development, such as creating job opportunity, raising income level, developing business and service sector, and leading high economic growth. While farmers and some people think that cement industries as a pollution causing factories have a harmful influence on regional development, sucha as injuring the crops, causing environmental pollution, and being harmful to health. If pollution problems are solved, I think Maepo will play an important role as a regional center which can offer employment opportunity, business and service function to pheripheral rural areas, and raise a income level.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2000

This study is to investigate and analyze regional patterns of aging in Taejeon Metropolitan city-the overpopulated area of Choong-Cheong Province-by cohort analysis method. According to the population structure transition caused by rapid social and economic changes, Korea has made a rapid progress in population aging since 1970. This trend is so rapid that we should prepare for and cope with aging society. It is not only slow to cope with it in our society, but also there are few studies on population aging of the geographical field in Korea. The data of this study are the reports of Population and Housing Censuses in 1975 and 1985 and General Population and Housing Censuses with 10% sample survey in 1995 taken by National Statistical Office. The research method is to sample as the aging district the area with high aged population rate where the populations over 60 reside among total population during the years of 1975, 1985, 1995 and to sample the special districts of decreasing population where the population decreases very much and the special districts of increasing population in which the population increases greatly, presuming that the reason why aged population rate increases is that non-elderly population high in mobility moves out. It is then verified and ascertained whether it is true or not with cohort analysis method by age. Finally regional patterns in the city are found through the classification and modeling by type based on the aging district, the special districts of decreasing population, and the special districts of increasing population. The characteristics of the regional patterns show that there is social population transition and that non-elderly population moves out. The aging district with the high aged population rate is divided into high-level keeping-up type, relative falling type below the average of Taejeon city in aging progress, and relative rising type above the average of the city. This district can be found at both the central area of the city and the suburbs because Taejeon city has the characteristic of over-bounded city. But it cannot be found at the new built-up area with the in-migration of large population. The special districts of decreasing population where the population continues to decrease can be said to be the population doughnuts found at the CBD and its neighboring inner area. On the other hand, the special districts of increasing population where the population continues to increase are located at the new built-up area of the northern part in Taejeon city. The special districts of decreasing population are overlapping with the aging district and higher in aged population rate by the out-migration of non-elderly population. The special districts of increasing population are not overlapping with the aging district and lower in aged population rate by the in-migration of non-elderly population. To clarify the distribution map of the aging district, the special districts of decreasing and increasing population and the aging district are divided into four groups such as the special districts of decreasing population group-the same one as the aging district, the special districts of decreasing population group, the special districts of increasing population group, and the other district. With the cohort analysis method by age used to investigate the definite increase and decrease of aging population through population transition of each group, it is found that the progress of population aging is closely related to the social population fluctuation, especially that aged population rate is higher with the out-migration of non-elderly population. This is to explain each model of CBD, inner area, and the suburbs after modeling the aging district, the special districts of decreasing population, and the special districts of increasing population in Taejeon city. On the assumption that the city area is a concentric circle, it is possible to divide it into three areas such as CBD(A), the inner area(B), and the suburbs(C). The special districts of increasing and decreasing population in the city are divided into three districts-the special districts of decreasing population(a), the special districts of increasing population(b), and the others(c). The aging district of this city is divided into the aging district($\alpha$) and the others($\beta$). And then modeling these districts, it is probable to find regional patterns in the city. $Aa{\alpha}$ and $Ac{\beta}$ patterns are found in the CBD, in which $Aa{\alpha}$ is the special district of decreasing population and is higher in aged population rate because of aged population low in mobility staying behind and out-migration of non-elderly population. $Ba{\alpha}$, $Ba{\beta}$, $Bb{\beta}$, and $Bc{\beta}$ patterns are found in the inner area, in which neighboring area $Ba{\alpha}$ pattern is located. $Bb{\beta}$ pattern is located at the new developing area of newly built apartment complex. $Cb{\beta}$, $Cc{\alpha}$, and $Cc{\beta}$ patterns are found in the suburbs, among which $Cc{\alpha}$ pattern is highest in population aging. It is likely that the $Cc{\beta}$ under housing land readjustment on a large scale will be the $Cb{\beta}$ pattern. As analyzed above, marriage and out-migration of new family, non-elderly population, with house purchase are main factors in accelerating population aging in the central area of the city. Population aging is responsible for the great increase of aged population with longer life expectancy by the low death rate, the out-migration of non-elderly population, and the age group of new aged population in the suburbs. It is necessary to investigate and analyze the regional patterns of population aging at the time when population problems caused by aging as well as longer life expectancy are now on the increase. I hope that this will help the future study on population aging of the geographical field in Korea. As in the future population aging will be a major problem in our society, local autonomy should make a plan for the problem to the extent that population aging progresses by regional groups and inevitably prepare for it.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.74-90
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• 2001

Serious depopulation has occurred since the rapid economic growth after $1965{\sim}1995$. As a result, nowadays most of mountain villages face difficulty in maintaining and managing their settlement, because of the elderly population and the extremely small size of the settlement. Population change is understood as the origin of depopulation problems and the criterion for the depopulation. This study aims to identify the problems of over-depopulation in rural Korea and to classify the patterns and process of follow and to provide policy alternatives. It consists with the three parts : identifying the problems of over- depopulation, classifying the socio-economic factors of fallow land, analyzing a detailed case study of follow land in over-depopulation rural area-Sangju Gun and to provide policy alternatives. The results are summarizes as follows: 1) In the study area, the amount of fallow and abandoned cultivated land has increased since 1975. With the increased urbanization, the cause of the increase in fallow and abandoned cultivated-land is the labor shortage of quantity and quality. The underlying reasons for the abandonment of farmland are poor field conditions and the lack of rented farmland. 2) The secondary cause is a relative labor shortage through specialization into intensive horticulture. In the study area, specialization into pear requires intensive labor input. It has caused a relative labor shortage. 3) The third causes are landowner and the lack of rented farmland due to labor shortage. The declining of agriculture and forestry have caused out-migration and increased non-residents' landowner. 4) The fallow patterns are devided into two types the less favored farmland fallow type, non-residents' landowner(out-migrator) fallow type. The significant causes of the increase in fallow and abandoned cultivated land are the labor shortage, intensive farming, less favored farmland conditions, non-residents' landowner. The factors which caused the follow processes in Korea are socio-economic factors (labor shortage, intensive farming, less favored farmland conditions) and cultural factor(non-residents' landowner, psychological ties between rural areas and urban areas).

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.174-178
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 1998년과 2004년의 대기오염물질배출량 분포를 비교하여 제시하였다. 결과는 아래와 같다. 첫 번째 오염물질별 배출량을 살펴보면 2004년이 1998년에 비해 질소산화물$(NO_x)$과 미세먼지(PM-10)은 증가하였고, 일산화탄소(CO)와 아황산가스$(SO_2)$는 감소하였다. 두 번째 오염원별 배출량을 살펴보면 1998년과 2004년 모두 모든 오염원에서 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 선 오염원의 배출량이 가장 뚜럿한 증가를 나타내었다. 이는 $SO_2$는 저황유 공급정책과 청정연료의 사용으로 인해 감소하였으며, $NO_x$와 PM-10 차량대수의 증가와 인구의 증가, 총에너지 수요의 증가가 원인으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.301-309
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• 1989

소주는 고려말엽에 중국 원나라로부터 처음으로 우리나라에 도입되어 조선시대를 거치면서 대중화되기 시작하였다. 이 기간 중에는 재래식방법으로 소주를 제조하였는데 일제시대부터 새로운 제조기술이 도입되어 지금은 재래식 방법으로 제조하는 소주는 자취를 감추게 되었으며, 6.25로 인한 국민의 지역이동, 1970년 이후의 국민소득증가, 농촌인구의 감소 등으로 전통적 국민주인 탁주 소비가 감소하고 소주소비가 증가하기 시작, 70년 이후부터는 소주가 국민주로서의 위치를 차지하게 되었다. 앞으로, 수입개방에 대비하여 국민주인 소주를 국제적인 주류로 키우기 위해서는 품질향상이 요구되는 바 이를 위해서는 현행 관련법규 등의 규제가 완화되어야 할 것이다. 즉, 국민주인 소주를 국제적인 주류로 발전시키기 위해서는 법적차원의 지원 및 업계 스스로의 연구개발 등이 절실히 요구된다고 할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.478-483
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• 2003

우리나라는 1960년대에 접어들면서 매년 농촌 인구가 급격한 감소를 보였으며, 이때부터 농업노동력 부족을 해소하기 위하여 동력농업기계가 널리 보급되기 시작하였다. 1970년대 중반 이후에는 급격한 경제실장과 정부의 식량 증산 책의 일환으로 동력경운기 및 콤바인, 트랙터 등 농업기계가 확대 보급되기 시작하였다. 중대형 농기계의 보급이 시작된 시기는 1980년대 전후이며 정부에서는 1990년대 상반기까지 벼농사 위주로 정책목표로 삼고 농업기계화사업을 꾸준히 추진해 왔다. 이와 같이 1960년대 이후 2000년대에 이르기까지 벼농사를 중심으로 우리나라 농업기계화 사업은 지속적으로 추진되어 왔지만, 2003년부터는 다양한 농작물 기계로 전환하여 지역 특수작물용 작업기 개발에 역점을 두고 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.26-30
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• 2010

최근 동남아시아에서는 경재성장과 더불어 생활환경의 변화로 인해 대형화재의 발생 증가와 화재의 발생 빈도가 증가하고, 발생패턴 또한 변하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 각 나라의 화재통계 비교분석을 통해 앞으로의 화재발생 경향을 예시하고자, 각국의 인구통계와 화재건수, 사망자수 등의 통계로 비교분석하였다. 각국의 비교에서는 중국 등 일부 나라는 도심지 지역을 제외한 일부지역의 정확한 데이터가 부족하고, 통계 시점이 불명확하였다. 또한, 우리나라는 데이터에 대한 분류방식변화로 통계치에 대한 발생건수 증가에 대한 대안이 있어야 하며, 특히 대만의 경우처럼 타 국가에 비해 급격한 감소 현상에 대한 화재대책방안을 참고 하여야 한다. 종합적으로는 각 나라의 사정은 다르겠지만, 동남아의 특징인 가족중심사회, 도시구조와 생활패턴 및 문화적 공통점을 고려 할 때 표준화된 통계분류방법이 필요하다.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.87-90
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 강원도에서 실시하는 청년창업 지원사업이 창업성과에 미치는 영향을 연구하는 것이다. 강원도 지역의 경우 전국대비 상대적으로 낮은 임금, 10인 미만의 사업체와 주로 도소매 숙박업이 주를 이루는 영세한 산업구조로 인한 고용불안과 일자리 질 저하로 상대적 학력수준이 높은 일자리가 부족함에 따라 청년층의 높은 전출률을 초래하고 있다. 강원도 내 청년 일자리 문제는 생산가능인구 감소와 고령화문제로 이어지면서 이를 해결하기 위하여 강원도에서는 새로운 일자리 창출과 고용안정을 위하여 도내 청년 창업자를 발굴하고 육성하는 지원사업을 추진 중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 강원도 지역의 청년창업 지원사업을 통한 창업성과를 분석하고 청년창업자에게 유의미한 영향을 미쳤는지, 청년 일자리 창출에 상관관계를 끼쳤는지에 대하여 연구하려고 한다. 선행논문에서의 창업지원정책이 미치는 영향에 대한 연구결과에 따라 정부 창업지원사업과 창업성과간의 유의미한 관계가 있을 것이라고 예상할 수 있었고 본 연구에서는 기존의 선행연구에서 확장하여 후속지원에 대한 영향관계에 대하여 분석하고 그에 따른 시사점을 도출하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1 s.115
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• pp.41-51
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• 2006

The influence of land use and pollutant source on water quality was investigated using 3-yrs monitoring data major influent stream in Hwaong reservoir watershed. The seven water quality station (N1, N2, J1, J3, J4, E2, E3) were used analysis of land use and pollutant effect, and six water quality station (N3, N4, J2, J5, E1, E4) were used analysis of waster quality status. Water quality parameter were positively correlated with residential and forest, negatively with paddy and upland especially during dry period. During wet period, correlation between land use and water quality was less apparent. Population and livestock density was correlated well to water quality parameter than just number of population and livestock. The watersheds studied are mainly non-urban and their land uses are similar to typical watershed of other estuarine reservoirs, therefore, the correlation developed in this study might be helpful to manage other estuarine reservoir watersheds.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Community Living Science Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.106-106
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• 2009

영국에서는 농촌문제의 심각성과 범정부적 대책 마련에 대한 부처간 인식 공유가 증가함에 따라 2000년 "농촌백서"에 '농촌서비스 표준화(Rural Services Standard, RSS)'를 제정하였다. RSS는 농촌 주민의 삶의 질 제고와 복지 서비스 향상을 위해 달성할 주요 서비스의 National Minimum을 의미한다. 매년 RSS 운용에 대한 지속적인 모니터링을 통하여 내용을 매년 업데이트 하고 있다. 교육 및 아동서비스, 광대역 통신, 사회적 돌봄, 우체국 서비스, 보건, 인터넷 접속, 긴급 서비스, 교통의 8개분야 13개 서비스 기준을 설정 제시하고 있다. 우리의 경우도 농촌 주민의 삶의 질 향상을 위한 범정부적 투자가 이루어져 왔지만 농촌지역의 사회서비스 기준을 도시와 비교해 보면 아직도 부족한 부분이 많이 있다. 농촌 인구가 감소되고 있는 상황에서 지속적인 하드웨어 중심적 투자에 대한 의문제기와 함께 농촌 주민들이 최소한의 공적 서비스를 활용할 수 있는 기반이 되어야한다는 의견이 대립되고 있는 가운데 그 해결책을 찾기 위하여 '농촌 서비스 기준'을 설정하자는 논의가 추진되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 인구 5만 이상 군지역에 속하는 경상북도 울진군 기성면 척산리를 중심으로 농촌 정주지원 서비스 요구사항을 분석하였다. 척산리에는 총가구 187호 363명이 거주하고 있으며 지난 3년간 인구 이동이 전혀 없었다. 주민들의 연령대는 50~60대가 가장 많으며 척산 3리가 가장 고령화 되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 교통 환경은 좋은 편이었는데 기성공용버스 정류장에 10곳 이상의 차편이 있고 7번 국도가 있어 타 지역으로 이동도 용이하였다. 마을에 보건/의료를 담당하는 곳은 보건진료소뿐이었으며 잦은 외근과 구급약 부족 등으로 불편을 호소하고 있었다. 응급상황 발생시 수송 가능한 응급체계는 갖춰져 있지 않았고 노인들이 가장 많이 이용하는 물리 치료실은 일주일에 3번 개방하기에 불편하다고 하였다. 3층 건물의 복지회관이 있으나 장날(5일장; 1일, 5일)만 개방되어 이용에 한계가 있었고 마을주민을 위해 운영되는 프로그램은 없었다. 논농사 중심의 경제생활이었고, 부녀회와 청년회 등은 면단위 또는 행정리로 묶어서 운영하고 있었다. 주민들은 울진군 면소재지 중 척산리에만 약국이 없어 불편한 사항이 많기에 약국, 물리치료실의 상시 개방을 필요로 하였으며 장날을 이용한 노인대상 영화상영, 강연회 등 다양한 문화프로그램 운영을 희망하였다.