• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.192-199
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the artificial cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii on the optimal medium vessel, periods of cultivation and the optimal method of pinheading for both yield and quality of fruiting body were also performed. The optimal composition of sawdust medium in polypropylene(PP) bottle was combination of sawdust(70%) and corncob(30%) but increased amount of corncob delayed the period of mycelial growth. The mycelial growth and the yield of fruiting body in the medium with beat pulp were worse than that without beat pulp. The optimal composition of nutrients for both yield and quality of fruit body tuned out to be a combination of rice bran(12%), wheat bran(12%) and cottonseed cake(6%). Additions of zeolite, shell lime and bean curd dregs were not effective in mycelial growth and yield of fruit body. When testing size of PP bottle for cultivation, the larger of bottle mouth is, the more pinheading number found, but the number of available fruit body is not significantly different. The culture in $1100\;ml-{\phi}75\;mm$ bottle is the best in the yield and quality of fruit body than those in $555\;ml-{\phi}50\;mm,\;850\;ml-{\phi}58\;mm,\;850\;ml-{\phi}65\;mm\;and\;1100\;ml-{\phi}65\;mm$ bottle. Using the PP bag for cultivation, a square shaped bag was better than a round shaped and black square shaped in mycelial growth and yield of fruit body. The most suitable period of incubation was 35 days after inoculation at $22{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. When the incubation periods was decreased less than 35 days, the pileus formation and yields were very bad but a pinheading condition looked similar, For an optimal pinheading, turning upside down was better than standing and covering.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.28 no.11
• /
• pp.1339-1346
• /
• 2018

In Korea, edible mushrooms are produced largely on commercial artificial media, so the annual production of spent mushroom substrate (SMS), as a by-product of the mushroom industry, is estimated at over 200 million tons. This SMS is assumed to contain abundant fungal mycelia and pre-fruiting bodies, as well as various nutritive and bioactive compounds that are presently discarded. This study examined the physico-chemical, nutritional, and enzymatic characteristics of uninoculated sterilized medium (USM) and SMS of shiitake mushrooms with the aim of developing a high-value added product from SMS. The contents of crude protein, crude lipid, and ash were higher after the third SMS harvest ($SMS-A-3^{rd}$) than in USM or $SMS-A-1^{st}$. The contents of Ca, Mg, and P in $SMS-A-3^{rd}$ were 2.95, 2.35, and 2.1-fold higher compared than in USM. No As or Cd was detected in USM or SMS. The pH, Brix, and acidity were 4.6, 20.0, and 1.4, respectively in $SMS-A-3^{rd}$, but 5.6, 6.0, and 0.0, respectively, in USM. These results suggest a highly active production of soluble components and organic acids in $SMS-A-3^{rd}$. The distinct color differences noted for USM, $SMS-A-1^{st}$, and $SMS-A-3^{rd}$ could be used as a mycelial growth indicator. Enzyme activity assays using the APIZYM system showed that SMS is a potent source of hydrolysis-related enzymes, especially esterase (C4) and ${\beta}$-glucuronidase. Our results suggested that the SMS of shiitake has a high potential for use in environmental, agricultural, and stock-breeding industries, for example, as active ingredients for sewage treatment, waste-polymer degradation, and feed additives.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.9-21
• /
• 2009

This study was executed in an attempt to investigate a artificial requisites of fruitbody occurrence. Environmental requirements on habitat for fruitbody occurrence of collected cultures resulted in leading to $13-16^{\circ}C$ and 75% relative humidity, and requiring silt loam of soil texture which had more nutritional substances than a dry field. Optimal temperature was $25^{\circ}C$, medium PDB, and pH 5.0 in cultural conditions. Mannose required of 5% in ASI 59002, 59003, 59004, but 3% in ASI 59001 was selected as optimum carbon source. The substrates stimulating sclerotium formation were cotton waste, or cotton waste + oak sawdust (mixture ratio of 8:2), which had 20% additive of wheat barn respectively. Sclerotium was formed well in the substrate adjusted chemical properties by applying 2% of calcium sulfate. Sclerotium formation was the most effective in the treatment of peat moss + oak sawdust (mixture ratio of 5:5) + 30% of wheat barn.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2003

One hundred fifty one specimens of Beauveria spp. from 19 different locations were collected from September 1 to August 31, 2002. Most of the isolates were identified as Beauveria. bassiana. Cordyceps staphylinidaecola collected from Mt. Obong in Chunchon City covered the host with mycelia which were produced 1 to 4 stromata along with asexual spores. The size of bright yellow ununiform stromata were about 45 mm and the head about $17mm{\times}4mm$. Perithecia completely immersed were $530{\sim}550{\times}290{\sim}300{\mu}m$ in size and mainly scattered on the head. Ascospore produced in asci in the size of $400{\sim}450{\times}4{\sim}5{\mu}m$ developed thread-like secondary spores, which were directly separated into secondary conidial spores. Conidia produced at apical portion of synnemata were $2.6{\sim}3.4{\times}1.2{\sim}1.9{\mu}m$ in size. High density of mycelium was observed at $25^{\circ}C$ ranged from pH 6.5 to 8.5 after 11 days of inoculation. It took 15 to 18 days after inoculation to fully grow on the medium mixed brown rice with pupa. Mycelium developed stromata on the medium 30 days after completion of mycelial growth, where perithecia were produced in 40 days.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2018.04a
• /
• pp.23-23
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 참우드풀과 우드풀의 중간형으로 알려진 좀우드풀(Woodsia intermedia Tagawa)의 전엽체 증식 및 포자체 형성을 위한 기내 외 번식조건을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 실험재료는 포자를 발아시켜 획득한 전엽체를 8주 간격으로 계대배양하면서 확보하였다. 전엽체 증식에 적합한 배양조건을 탐색하고자, 전엽체 300mg을 다진 후 배지종류(Knop, 1/4, 1/2 및 1MS)와 배지구성물질(sucrose와 활성탄)의 농도를 달리하여 8주간 배양하였다. 배양실은 온도 $25{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$와 광도 $30{\pm}1.0{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$(16/8h)로 조절되었다. 연구결과, Knop배지에서 생체중이 2.4g으로 전엽체의 증식이 가장 왕성하였다. 한편 MS계열 배지는 농도에 관계없이 매우 저조한 증식을 보였다. Sucrose는 0.5%를 첨가한 배지에서 생체중의 증가량이 가장 컸으며, 활성탄은 첨가농도에 관계없이 유사한 증식수준을 나타냈다. 포자체 형성에 적합한 토양조건을 확인하고자, 인공토양(원예상토, 피트모스, 펄라이트 및 마사토)의 비율을 달리하여 5종류의 혼합토양을 조성하였다. 혼합토양을 사각분($7.5{\times}7.5{\times}7.5cm$)에 충진하고, 준비된 전엽체 1g을 10초간 분쇄한 다음 토양표면에 분주하여 11주간 재배하였다. 재배환경은 온도 $25{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$, 광도 $43{\pm}2.0{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$(16/8h) 및 습도 $72{\pm}2.0%$로 조절되었다. 연구결과, 모든 처리구에서 포자체의 형성이 확인되었으며, 특히 원예상토와 마사토를 2:1(v:v)로 혼합한 토양에서 포트당 421.0개의 많은 포자체가 형성되었다. 다음으로 원예상토와 펄라이트를 2:1(v:v)로 혼용한 토양, 원예상토, 피트모스, 마사토를 1:1:1(v:v:v)로 혼합한 토양, 원예상토 단용, 원예상토, 피트모스, 펄라이트를 1:1:1(v:v:v)로 혼합한 토양 순으로 각 228.0, 203.3, 126.8, 91.5개 형성되었다. 따라서 좀우드풀의 포자체를 대량으로 생산하기 위해서는 원예상토와 마사토를 2:1(v:v)로 혼용한 토양에 전엽체를 분주하여 재배하는 방법이 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.26 no.2 s.85
• /
• pp.265-274
• /
• 1998

This study was carried out to obtain the basic data for an artificial cultivation of Phellinus sp.. The optimum conditions for the mycelial growth on the different sawdusts (Quercus aliena, Morns alba and Alnus japonica) substrate of an isolated Phellinus sp. were optimized by response surface methodology. The ratio of rice bran addition to sawdust and the suitable moisture content for the mycelial growth in the all sawdust media were about 30% (w/w) and $65{\sim}70%$ (w/v), respectively. The initial pHs for the mycelial growth of Quercus aliena and Morns alba were in the range of $pH\;5{\sim}6$, whereas Alnus japonica was obtained at pH 6. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was about $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, depending on the different kinds of wood substrates. From the response surface analysis, the values of independent variables of Quercus aliena at stationary points were determined to be 31.01 % (w/w) of rice bran, pH of 5.31 and 69.03% (w/v) of moisture content, and the expected value of mycelial growth was about 8.32 cm. Both the ratio of rice bran addition to sawdust $(X_1)$ and moisture content $(X_3)$ were effective to the mycelial growth. In the case of Morns alba, the ratio of rice bran addition to sawdust, initial pH and moisture content at the stationary points were 28.77% (w/w), 5.28 and 69.8 (w/v),respectively, and the expected mycelial growth of 7.60 cm was obtained. Stationary points for the mycelial growth in the sawdust media of Alnus japonica were 28.74% (w/w) of rice bran, pH of 6. 04 and 66.96% (w/v) of moisture content, and the expected values of mycelial growth was about 5.38 cm. Based on the above results, there was correlations between the mycelial growth and independent variables, and the effect of rice bran $(X_1)$ and initial pH $(X_2)$ for the mycelial growth were higher than the moisture content $(X_3)$. The optimum species of sawdust media for the my celial growth of Phellinus sp. was in the order of Quercus aliena > Morns alba > Alnus japonica.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
• /
• 2005.05a
• /
• pp.331-337
• /
• 2005

한우와 홀스타인의 분변으로부터 MRS배지와 LAPT배지를 이용하여 무작위 선발법으로 54균주의 유산균을 1차로 분리 하였다. 1차로 분리된 54균주에 대해 내담즙성이 우수한 10균주를 분리 한 다음 내산성을 조사한 결과 인공위액 pH2.5에서 LS1, LS15 및 LL6 균주가 각각 66.5%, 82.6% 및 80.7%의 생존율을 나타내었다. Sal. typhimurium, Sta. aureus 및 Cl. perfringens 의 병원균에 대해 가장 큰 항균력을 보인 균주는 LL6와 LL7이었다. API CHL kit로 동정한 결과 LS1, LS2 및 LM1 균주는 모두 L. fermentum, LL6와 LL7 균주L. acidophilus, LS3 균주는 L. plantarum으로 각각동정 되고, 나머지 4균주는 Lactobacillus sp. 로 동정되어 분리된 10균주 모두 안전성 있는 유산 간균임을 확인하였다. 10종류의 항생제에 대한 내성을 조사한 결과 ampicillin, amoxicillin and erythromycin 에 대해서는 억제되었으나 colistin과 ciprofloxacin에 대해 모두 내성을 나타내었다. LB1, LL6 및 LL7 균주는 gentamicin과 neomycin에 대해 내성을 보여 주었다. 분리 동정된 균주 중에 내산성, 내담즙성 및 병원성균에 대한 항균력이 우수한 것으로 probiotic 유산균으로 사용가능성이 높은 것은 LL6인 L. acidophilus 로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.133-136
• /
• 1999

Different kinds of cytokinins and auxins were tested for both shoot induction and rooting in a rare species, Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai. BA in WPM medium was the most effective in shoot induction, whereas zeatin seemed to be the most suitable for shoot elongation. Kinetin, at the concentration of 2.0~5.0 mg/L showed an effect in shoot induction, but the effect was inferior to BA and zeatin. Rapid shoot elongation could be achieved when the cultures were maintained on the diffuse light condition (below 500 lux) regardless of cytokinin treatments. For in vitro rooting, IBA was investigated as the best type of auxin tested when half strength GD medium was incorporated. The frequency of rooting using the plant growth regulator and medium just mentioned above was revealed as approximately 90%. In addition, the survival rate of rooted plantlets was almost 100% in an artificial soil mixture.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.24 no.3 s.78
• /
• pp.214-222
• /
• 1996

This study was carried out to obtain the basic data on artificial culture of Phellinus linteus. The optimum condition for the mycelial growth was $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and pH $6.0{\sim}7.0$. The carbon sources such as D-glucose, D-mannose and Dextrose were favorable to mycelial growth. As nitrogen sources, peptone, cassamino acid and glutamic acid appeared to be favorable. The optimum C/N ratio was about 20:1, when 2% of glucose was provided as a carbon source. The better organic acids and vitamin among tested ones were gallic, silicic acids and biotin. The mineral nutrients of $KH_2PO_4,\;FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O,\; MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O,\;ZnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ were effective and the optimum concentrations were 0.05, 0.001, 0.02 and 0.003%, respectively.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2019

The investigation of mycelial growth for artificial cultivation in T. albuminosus determined that within PDA, YM, MEA medium, both KNCAF 9001 and 9002 strains showed the highest mycelial growth in MEA media with 89, 81 mm, respectively, followed by YM, PDA in respected order. Furthermore, optimal mycelial growth of 89 and 77 mm in 9001 and 9002, respectively, at 25 ℃. Mycelial growth rapidly decreased at 30 ℃, but it was confirmed that it survived at 40 ℃. At pH 6, mycelial growth was fast with growth of 89 and 88 mm for both 9001 and 9002, respectively. In the case of 9001, the addition of with cotton seed hull(80%) and rice bran (20%) each other resulted in maximum productivity of 99 mm/10 days. The result differed in order of corn cob(97 mm), oak sawdust(96 mm) and poplar sawdust(93 mm). Ultimately, the result confirmed that addition of rice bran in comparison to bran resulted in higher yield. Even with identical medium component, 9002 showed the same tendency as 9001 but its growth was relatively slower than 9001. The effect of mycelial growth on the moisture content of the medium was best at 101. 94 mm/10 days when the moisture content of 9001 and 9002 was 65%. Mycelial growth rate tended to be slower when the moisture content was higher or lower than 65%.