• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 1988

A laboratory experiment was conducted to find out the abilities of siderophore formation and competition of $Fe^{3+}$ and $Mn^{2+}$ absorption in synthetic medium with inoculation of fluorescence forming pseudomonas and soil saprophytic fungi as Stachybotrys chatarum, Fusarium solani, and F. oxysporum. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The concentration of siderophore in synthetic medium with inoculation of Pseudomonas putida pt-II was increased (with progress of incubation time). 2. The negative correlation was obtained with the increase of $Fe^{3+}$ ion concentration and siderophore in synthetic medium with inoculation of fluorescence forming pseudomonas and soil saprophytic fungi. 3. The fresh weight of fungal hyphae was decreased with the increase of siderophore in synthetic medium. 4. There was insignificant relationship between the concentration of $Mn^{2+}$ and the concentration of siderophore while the positive correlation was obtained with the increase of fresh weight of fungal hyphae.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.35-47
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• 2019

The mycelial growth of P. coccineus strain was good in PDA and YMA, but mycelial growth was low in MEA. Light irradiation during the incubation period affected the pigment formation and density of mycelia. Mushroom of P. coccineus strain was able to produce fruiting bodies in both bottle and bag cultivation, and oak sawdust was found to be the most suitable substrate for spawn culture and cultivation. In artificial cultivation using sawdust medium, fruiting body was grown to the extent that visual observation was possible from the 15th day, and it formed about 5 days fast in the treatment group with low relative humidity. From 40 to 45 days of mushroom development, mature fruiting bodies could be harvested, and the lower relative humidity of the growing room favored mushroom development and growth. Antioxidant activity of fruiting bodies harvested from artificial cultivation showed that ABTS radical scavenging activity of bottle-cultivated and wild fruit bodies were shown at 505㎍/㎖ and 515㎍/㎖, respectively. However, fruiting bodies harvested in bag cultivation were high at 910㎍/㎖. As a result of DPPH radical scavenging activity, all extracts were found to be inactive, exhibiting IC₅₀ value of more than 2,000㎍/㎖ concentration. The ethyl acetate extract of mushrooms obtained from bottle cultivation showed the highest activity with 1,550㎍/㎖ IC₅₀ value. Methanol extract of wild fruit bodies had the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity at the same concentration (10mg/㎖).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.490-499
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• 1998

This study was initiated to investigate the applicability of sludge from water or waste water treatment on the crop cultivation. Sludge is generated in the process of water and wastewater treatment process in large quantity. The sludge can cause many environmental problems. we have a many available treatment methods of sludge However, these methods still shortcomings and are not. The composition of typical municipal sludge contains organics and inorganics. The organics components are normally burnt in high temperature and mainly inorganics components are left after thermal treatment process. For the production of artificial media, chabazite was used as additive, and the mixed material was thermally treated in the firing kiln at 800~1,10$0^{\circ}C$ for about 10 minutes. The physical and chemical characteristics of artificial media were analyzed and it showed that the artificial media could be used as a media for plants and soil conditioner for farmland. The concentrations of the toxic heavy metals in the media were lower then those in the soil quality standard for farmland. This study illustrated that the artificial media production process, and introduced how to produce it's possible application as a media for Plant growth.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

Microalgae is considered as one of environmentally sustainable and potential feedstocks to produce biodiesels. However, recent studies on life cycle assessments (LCA) of microalgal buidiesels have shown that energy requirement is not small to produce biodiesel from microalgae, especially during cultivation stage. The costs for carbon sources, nutrients like nitrogen or phosphorous, and water for cultivation can contribute up to 80% of the total medium costs. In the present article, recent trends on the utilization of several promising nutrient sources such as municipal wastewaters, organic fertilizers, combustion exhaust emissions and organic solid wastes were reviewed, and the potential strategies to be used as substitutes of artificial culture media, especially for the biodiesel production, were discussed.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.445-458
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• 2016

Most of water curtain cultivation (WCC) area in Korea has been inveterately suffering from the gradual draw-down of groundwater level and related shortage of water resources at the late stage of WCC peak time. To solve this problem, artificial recharge techniques has been recently applied to some WCC area. This study introduces infiltration gallery, which is one of the artificial recharge methods, and tentatively examined the effectiveness of three galleries installed at Sangdae-ri WCC area of Cheongju City. Seven galleries are set up at each empty space between eight vinyl houses in this area and its dimension is designed as 50 cm in each width and height and 300 cm in each length. Installation process was including bed excavation, backfill with gravels and silica sands, and completion of gallery by equipment of piezometer and covering with non-woven cloth. For each B, C, D gallery, 3 types of test including preliminary, four step and one long-term injection were performed. The first preliminary test showed the rough relations between injection rates and water level rise as follows; 20 cm and 30 cm level rise for $33.29{\sim}33.84m^3/d$ and $45.60{\sim}46.99m^3/d$ in B gallery; 0 cm, 16 cm and 33 cm level rise for $21.1m^3/d$, $33.98m^3/d$ and $41.69m^3/d$ in C gallery; 29 cm and 42 cm level rise for $48.10m^3/d$ and $52.23m^3/d$ in D gallery. Afterwards, more quantitative results estimating effectiveness of artificial recharge were reasoned out through stepped and long-term injection tests, which is expected to be employed for estimating water quantity re-injected into the aquifer through these galleries by natural injection over the period of WCC peak time.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.124-131
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• 1989

Some factors effecting on mycelial growth and cultural substrates using pine sawdust were investigated to develop an artificial cultivation technique. The optimal temperature and media pH for the mycelial growth were at $25^{\circ}C$ and 4.0, respectively. The mycelial growth was not different among three isolates tested. Among them ASI 19003 isolate showed the highest mycelial density and fruitbody yield. Among supplements added into pine sawdust, wheat bran was the best and its appropriate percentage was 20 for the mycelial growth. The mycelial densities were uprisen according to the amounts of the supplement. The highest yield, 107g/bottle of the sporophores of the mushroom was obtained from the substrates supplemented by 30% of wheat bran, but no fruitbody was formed on non supplemented one. Optimal moisture contents of the substrates was different for the mycelial growth, pinheading and fruitbody yields. Sixty five, 60 and 75% of moisture contents of the substrates were optimal for the mycelial growth, pinheading and fruitbody yields, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2003

자바리, Epinephelus bruneus는 제주에서 다금바리로 불리우고, 제주도 남부 연안에서 주로 어획되며, 식용어로서 기호도가 높은 어종이다. 자바리의 자원량 격감과 가격상승으로 양식 산업화를 위한 종묘생산에 기술개발이 요구되는 실정이다. 이 실험에 이용된 자바리 어미는 전장 81.5$\pm$3.5 cm, 체중 7,38$\pm$1.06 kg에서 인공 채란된 난과 정자를 인공 수정방법을 이용하여 얻었다. 알의 직경은 900.11$\pm$2.52 $\mu$m이었고, 유구경은 233.98$\pm$2.48 $\mu$m이었다. 수정란은 수온 $25^{\circ}C$에서 32시간 30분에 부화(50%)되었고, 부화율을 96.76$\pm$0,49%였다. 부화자어는 90일 동안 로티퍼, Artemia nauplii, 인공사료를 공급하였다. 부화 직후의 자어는 전장이 2.02$\pm$0.02 mm이였다. 부화 후 3일째(2,76$\pm$0.08 mm) 난황이 대부분 흡수되고, 입이 열렸다. 개구시 입의 크기는 219$\pm$10 $\mu$m 이었다. 부화 후 3일째 막지느러미 후부에 색소포 침적이 일어났다. 부화 후 11일째(4.12$\pm$0.09 mm) 등지느러미 제2극조와 배지느러미 극이 돌출하였다. 부화 후 17일째(6.10$\pm$0.14 mm) 자어에 있어서 꼬리지느러미, 등지느러미의 기조 부위가 발생하기 시작하였다. 부화 후 54일째(41.12$\pm$l.20 mm) 모든 지느러미의 기조는 대부분 분화되어 성어와 비슷한 체색과 체형을 갖는 치어로 발달하였다. 부화 후 78일째 치어는 전장 55.86$\pm$1.26 mm, 체중 3,64$\pm$0.25 g으로 성장하였다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2000

The water-soluble glucan produced by Lactococcus lactis 1370 affects the formation of dental plaque by Streptococcus mutans. In this study the factors affecting the formation of water-soluble glucan were assessed as the optical density of culture supernatant of Lactococcus lactis 1370 in the spectrophotometer. 1. The optical density of culture supernatant was high when Lactococcus lactis 1370 was cultured in M17 broth with 5% sucrose, while being low in culture supernatant of Streptococcus mutans. 2. The optical density of culture supernatant was higher when Lactococcus lactis 1370 was cultured in M17 broth with 10% sucrose than when being cultured without sucrose (p<0.05), and was higher at pH 7 than pH 5 (p<0.05). 3. The optical density of culture supernatant was the highest at $37^{\circ}C$ among $32^{\circ}C,\;37^{\circ}C\;and\;42^{\circ}C$, and was higher in the anaerobic incubator than in the aerobic incubator (p<0.05). 4. The optical density of culture supernatant was the highest in the media containing 1.0mM $CaCl_2$ (p<0.05), 2.5mM KCl (p<0.05), and 1.6mM $MgCl_2$. 5. When Streptococcus mutans was cultured in the media containing a quarter culture supernatant of Lactococcus lactis 1370 grown in M17 broth, the mean weight of produced artificial plaque was 103.0mg on the wire, whereas being significantly reduced to 5.6mg in the media containing a quarter culture supernatant of Lactococcus lactis 1370 grown in M17 broth containing 5% sucrose (p<0.05). These results indicate that the water-soluble glucan is more formed by Lactococcus lactis 1370 in the media containing sucrose or under the adequate conditions for the growth of bacteria, and inhibits the formation of artificial plaque by Streptococcus mutans.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2008

Plug seedlings of vinca (Catharanthus roseus L. 'Pacifica Punch') and salvia (Salvia splendens F. Sellow ex Roem & Schult 'Maestro') were transplanted into square plastic pots (145 mL volume) filled with a soilless growing medium. To determine the effect of application rate on the growing medium EC and growth of plants, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 4.0 g per pot of a controlled release fertilizer (14-14-14 Osmocote, 14N-6.2P-11.6K) were mixed with the growing medium. Plants were subirrigated daily with tap water. In both vinca and salvia, growing medium EC increased as application rate was elevated. Growing medium EC was relatively constant over a whole crop period when the application rate was less than 1.5 g per pot, while it decreased throughout the experiment at higher application rates such as 2.0 to 4.0g per pot in both species. The greatest leaf area, plant height, and shoot dry weight of vinca were obtained when plants were fertilized with 2.0 to 4.0 g per pot of the fertilizer, resulting in a growing medium EC of $1.0{\sim}1.7dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ throughout the experiment. Leaf area, shoot dry weight, and chlorophyll content of salvia increased with elevated application rates. Leaf area, shoot dry weight, and chlorophyll content of salvia were the greatest when plants were fertilized with 4.0 g per pot, resulting in growing medium EC of $1.0{\sim}4.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ throughout the experiment. Plant height of salvia was the greatest when plants were fertilized with 2.0 to 4.0g per pot. Concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) in the shoots of vinca increased, while concentration of calcium (Ca) decreased with elevated application rates. Concentrations of boron (B) and manganese (Mn) in the shoots of vinca increased as the application rate decreased.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2008

An efficient micropropagation was established by using axillary bud explants from two-year-old tree(Echinosphorea koreensis Nakai), which has been known as a rare and endangered species. Among various basal media tested, DKW medium was shown to be the best for axillary shoot elongation. The addition of both BA and TDZ to the medium induced 6 to 10 shoots per explant during eight weeks of culture, without showing any abnormal morphology at the shoot proliferation stage. However, high concentration of TDZ(>0.05 mg/L) appeared to cause hyperhydration on either leaf or shoot at the later developmental stage. Approximately 20% of shoots produced roots by the addition of 1.0 mg/L NAA but not by IBA($0.2{\sim}1.0$ mg/L). Ex vitro micro-cuttings were better source for root induction; up to 58.6% of the micro-cuttings rooted when 100 mg/L IBA was applied to the soil(vermiculite). More than 90% of plantlets with roots were successfully acclimatized and grew normally in the field. Therefore, we suggest that this endangered tree species can be effectively micropropagated by axillary bud culture system developed in this study.