• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.376-382
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• 2015

Dollar spot, caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, is the major disease in cool-season turfgrasses. Understanding the distribution of this pathogen in soil and thatch is important to developing disease control strategies. In this study, toothpicks were used to detect S. homoeocarpa in the turfgrass canopy, thatch, and soil at different distances from dollar spot infection centers. The effect of penetrant and contact fungicide applications with different water volumes on distribution of S. homoeocarpa was also investigated. S. homoeocarpa was detected in 100% of samples taken from the leaf canopy, 83.3% in thatch area, and 0% in the soil from within the infection center. S. homoeocarpa was isolated in 100% of samples taken from the edge of the infection center, but was only detected in 13% of the samples taken at 1.5 cm away from the infection center edge. S. homoeocarpa was isolated at a higher frequency in the propiconazole treated plots than those treated with chlorothalonil and was not detected in leaf canopy samples when either fungicides was applied with 6.78 L of water. In conclusion, the toothpick-aided detection technique has improved our understanding of S. homoeocarpa epidemiology and could be used as a diagnostic tool to detect for fungicide resistance on golf courses.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.37-52
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for oral health promotion of service worker and their effective interpersonal relationships forming through the evaluation about service workers' awareness of the auxiliary oral hygiene devices and using behavior of it. The survey was carried out questionnaire research targeting 400(service group 200, non-service group 200) and compared the two groups. The obtained results were as follow: 1. brushing behavior showed the highest ratio of 3~4 times/day(53.4%) in brushing frequency, up-down method(50.8%) in brushing method, after 5 minutes after the meals(45.0%) in brushing time, shape brush(56.6%) in brush change time. 2. service group used a lot more auxiliary oral hygiene devices than non-service group(50.9%). the frequency of use was toothpick(30.9%), gargle(29.9%), floss(13.5%), tongue cleaner(10.1%). 3. In comparison of two group about state of use, service group showed more higher ratio of floss(66.1%), tongue cleaner(64.4%), gargle(56.6%) than non-service group. non-service group showed more higher ratio of toothpick(54.6%) than service group 4. Service group used auxiliary oral hygiene devices by suggestions of dental clinic(53.6%) and didn't use them because of uncomfortable to use(45.4%) or didn't know how to use(21.6%). 5. As result of the awareness-related using rate of auxiliary oral hygiene devices, service group showed higher using ratio except toothpick than non-service group. especially gargle(54.8%), tongue cleaner(43.3%), floss(35.8%) were showed high. 6. service group took a regular checkups more than non-service group and showed the highest ratio of each 1 year(43.5%) in checkup period.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate recognition level and practical application status of oral hygiene devices through making a survey of Seoul inhabitants. And survey was implemented in order to propose oral hygiene device for household health care activities. The following results were obtained by analyzing personal interviews of 347 commuting patients at two university hospitals and seven dental clinics. 1) The average length of toothbrush head was estimated as 22.3 mm and average changing cycle was 2.3 months. The user ratio of flat-headed brush was estimated as 51.9% and 46.7% were using fluoridated toothpaste. 2) Generally the ratio of toothpick users was higher than other device users. But the user ratio of dental floss was higher than toothpick in case of patients under orthodontic treatment. 3) The patients under orthodontic treatment were not familiar with handling orthodontic toothbrush. Though 45.8% among orthodontic patients recognized this type of toothbrush, only 25.4% of them knew how exactly to use it. 4) It was shown very low user ratio of oral hygiene devices that the patients who had periodontal problem, hypersensitive trouble, halitosis, implant or denture 5) The patients who had halitosis showed the highest user ratio of toothpick. The patients who had separation of teeth showed the highest user ratio of dental floss. The patients who're under orthodontic treatment showed the highest user ratio of interproximal brush and motorized brush. 6) In response to the most interesting dental disease, it's surveyed as follows; 60.3% of dental caries, 24.0% of periodontal disease, 14.8% of false occlusion and 0.9% of oral cancer. 7) Regarding the motivation of using those oral hygiene devices, 45% responded that it was because of recommendation by dental clinics. Among the negative answers, 38.6% responded that it was because of no selection guidance. 31.3% answered that they didn't use hygiene device because it's inconvenient. 12.0% answered that it's difficult to buy and expensive. 7.8% responded that they didn't feel significant improvement. 4.8% answered that dental hospitals and clinics didn't even introduce those hygiene devices. Therefore efficient campaign for those hygiene devices over all Korea nation should be developed and education program must be prepared for each case of patients in every dental hospitals and clinics.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate practical application status of oral hygiene devices through making a survey of labor of the D industrial company-about carefully curing oral disease in home, the status of practical application of tooth brush, the status of practical application of fluoridated toothpaste, status of practical application of auxiliary oral hygiene devices, a motive use or unuse of auxiliary oral hygiene devices. 1. In home, carefully curing oral disease is dental caries(62.4%). 2. Status of practical application toothbrush showed the highest user ratio of mideum size(79.6%). 3. Showed the highest user ratio of horizontal plane toothbrush(73.5%). 4. Answerd don't take a prudent attitued in choice of fluoridated toothpaste(73.5%). 5. In the status of reconition of oral hygiene devices, showed the highest user ratio of eletric toothbrush(77.0%). 6. In the status of reconition of auxiliary oral hygiene devices, showed the highest user ratio of wooden wedge stimulator(89.4%)and gargle liquid(84.5%). In using of oral hygiene devices, showed the highest user ratio of electric toothbrush(13.3%), toohbrush for periodontal patients(2.7%). In using of auxiliary, wooden wedge stimulator (58.4%)and gargle liquid(41.2%). In effect using of oral hygiene devices showed the highest user ratio of denture brush(50.0%)and eletric toothbrush(43.3%), in effect using of auxiliary oral hygiene devices showed the highest user ratio of water pick(80.0%) and dental floss(75.8%). 6. A motive of the use auxiliary oral hygiene device is choice by oneself through TV, advertisement, public information(57.6%), and the reason-they don't use of auxiliary oral hygiene devicebecause of they don't know proper to them the kind of auxiliary oral hygiene device.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2016

Large patch disease in Zoysia japonica Steud. is the most destructive disease in turfgrass. For large patch management, it has been dependent on chemical controls but pesticides are harmful to soil, water and biodiversity. In this study, we evaluated 4 Streptomyces spp. strains (S2, S5, S8 and S12) which were selected in previous studies using metagenome approaches. Root colonization of the strains, large patch suppressing effect and the pathogen density change in actual golf course were investigated to evaluate biological control potential of the strains. All strains exhibited reliable root colonization ability that strains populations were higher than $6log\;cfu\;g^{-1}$ in turfgrass rhizosphere. The pathogen density, with S8 treatment, was detected average of 0.7 after a week and average of 1.2 after 4 weeks. Disease control and suppressive the pathogen population by S8 strain showed higher efficiency than other strains. S8 was applied in an actual golf course for the large patch control and pathogen density. The pathogen density in S8 treatment plot was detected below 1.6 per toothpick and lower compared with untreated plot. The results indicated that pathogen density was suppressed by S8 and the stain has great potential as a biological control agent for the large patch.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2020

Stem blight symptom of soybean was severely developed in 2016 in Hwaseong and Yeoncheon. During the seedling period, the damping-off of seedlings and the brown or black spots of cotyledons were observed. After August, the leaves began to be yellowed, and partially browned areas on leaves began to develop. After September, microsclerotia began to form even on the surface of the stems that had exhibited water-soaking symptom. After mid-October of the harvest season, the epidermis of the stem was peeled off, resulting in the formation of a large number of microsclerotia in the cortex. The pathogens isolated from these symptoms were the best in mycelial growth at 32-35℃, and the formation of microsclerotia was the most at 20-28℃. The pathogen was identified as Macrophomina phaseolina through the morphological characteristics of the pathogen and the sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region gene. In addition, when inoculated with a soybean stem using toothpicks cultured with the pathogen, the same symptoms as seen on the soybean field occurred. When the pathogen was re-isolated at the lesion site, the same pathogen was isolated and identified as Macrophomina phaseolina. Based on the results, the disease is reported as soybean charcoal rot.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.5049-5055
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to emphasis the fact that the oral cavity should be well-managed as it is where the intake of the valuable nutrition for the baby is made, among many other important factors and changes that the pregnant women go through as they prepare for the birth of a human being for 10 months. For this, we surveyed the management of the oral hygiene and the awareness of oral health by the pregnant women. The result showed that the nauseating during the brushing of the teeth and the use of the oral hygienic products varied among different standard of lives with statistical significance. As for the standard of living, those in higher level showed also a higher level of the use, while the middle and low standard of living showed lower level of usage of the oral hygienic products. In case of the dental treatment during the pregnancy, most of the interviewees answered they do not receive dental treatment during pregnancy in the fear of bad influence on the baby and the potential risk of congenital anomaly. The perceived necessity of the education on the oral health was generally high. And, for the contents of such education, they preferred the timing of the dental treatment, the content of the treatment, and misunderstandings regarding the dental treatment.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

The establishment of a laboratory assay and a greenhouse assay was conducted for evaluating the pathogenicity of Macrophomina phaseolina causing soybean charcoal rot established. In the laboratory assay, microsclerotia and hyphae were used as inoculum. In the laboratory assays using microsclerotia as an inoculum, disease incidences of M. phaseolina NSW17-108 and HSM17-034 were higher at 35℃ than 25℃. Of the two isolates NSW17-108 and HSM17-034, the disease incidence of HSM17-034 isolated from diseased sesame is higher than that of NSW17-108 isolated from diseased soybean. When the mycelia of M. phaseolina were used as an inoculum, the disease incidence of NSW17-108 and HSM17-034 at 35℃ exceeded 80% even after only 5 days of inoculation. Even at 25℃, furthermore, that of HSM17-034 exceeded 80% 5 days later. In the pathogenicity assays at a greenhouse, toothpicks where microsclerotia were produced or microsclerotia harvested from potato dextrose agar medium were used as an inoculum. In all greenhouse assays, M. phaseolina NSW17-108 and HSM17-034 showed 40-60% of disease incidences 35-65 days after inoculation with the pathogen, depending on the inoculation method. Between the two isolates, the pathogenicity of HSM17-034 was stronger than that of NSW17-108, and this result was consistent with laboratory assay results. Since the laboratory and greenhouse test methods tested in this study have different advantages and disadvantages depending on each test method, it is thought that the test method that can meet the purpose of the study should be selected and used.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.241-250
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• 2010

The purpose of this study, which was processed from March $22^{nd}$ to April $9^{th}$ of 2010, was to figure out recognition, well-formed instructions, and Practical application about dental hygiene devices based on the dental health characteristics of 350 adults who dwell in Busan and Gyeongnam regions. Also, this study recommended the adults to use dental hygiene devices and provided such devices to help individuals take care of their dental health at home. The collected data was statistically processed with a statistics SPSS (Statistical Packages for Social Science 14.0. SPSS Inc. USA) program. First of all, in order to demonstrate the characteristics of the sample population statistics and that of the descriptive data, frequency analysis was performed and to find out the relationship between variations of the dental health, Chi-squared test through Crosstabs was operated. According to the study, recognition and Practical application of dental hygiene devices were very low. Therefore, public announcement about necessity and effectiveness of such devices should be reinforced nationwide and instructions on choosing the right device and using of the dental hygiene devices based on patients' conditions by dental hygienic human efforts gathered from dental health organization should be carried out.