• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.135-140
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• 2004

The antioxidant activities of 80% methanol extracts obtained from 118 medicinal plants were tested through the evaluation of DPPH and superoxide anion radicals scavenging activity. Methanol extracts of Sophora japonica (76.9%) and Camptotheca acuminata Dence (50.9%) were found to have more than 50% DPPH radical scavenging activity while those of Perilla frutescens (37.2%), Amomum costatum (34.9%), Prunus ansu (33.2%), Mentha arvensis (32.3%), Serratula koreana (32.2%), Eriobotrya japonica (30.5%), and Artemisia asiatica (30.5%) showed more than 30% scavenging activity. Even though all of the commercial antioxidants didn't show superoxide anion radical activity, Mentha arvensis (87.7%), Eriobotrya japonica (84.9%), Amomum costatum (82.9%), Camptotheca acuminata Dence (82.1%) showed more than 80% scavenging activity. Mentha arvensis, Eriobotrya japonica, Amomum costatum, Camptotheca acuminata Dence showed strong antioxidative activity in the both DPPH and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.169-177
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• 1999

Osteosarcoma in patients older than 40 years are rare, however they have different clinical, radiological and pathological features from those of younger patients. Sometimes accurate histologic diagnosis is not easy, which is important in determining the correct surgical treatment and appropriate chemotherapy. Since January 1995, 11 patients with osteosarcoma occurring in patients older than 40 years have been diagnosed, treated and followed up for more than 6 months. In contrast to osteosarcoma in children and adolescents, only 4 cases(36.4%) were conventional types, while the others included 2 malignant fibrous histiocytoma-like types, 2 small cell types, 2 periosteal osteosarcomas and 1 giant cell-rich type. Seven cases showed purely osteolytic or predominantly osteolytic bony lesions and 8 were in Enneking stage IIB. Performed surgical treatments included 2 amputations, 6 wide resections and reconstructions, and one curettage and autogenous bone graft. In the remaining 2 cases, definitive surgical treatments included not carried out because of old age, multifocal involvement or poor medical tolerance. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapies were performed in 9 of 11 patients. At last follow-up, there were 6 continuously disease-free survivals, 3 alive with diseases and 2 died of diseases. The overall cumulative 4-year survival rate calculated using Kaplan-Meier's productlimit method was 59.3%. For improved oncologic outcomes and survivals, early and accurate diagnosis, surgical treatment with adequate margin and neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy will be necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1445-1450
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• 2004

The plum (Prunus salicina L., cv. ‘Soldam’) fruits were harvested at different growth stages, and then extracted using 80% methanol, respectively. The methanol extracts of plum were investigated for their growth inhibition on 6 kinds of human cancer cells using MTT assay and for their activity to induce quinone reductase (QR) in murine Hepa1c1c7 cells. Among various methanol extracts of plum, the plum 1~4 (immature fruit), which thin out 10~25 days before final harvest, showed higher anticarcinogenic activity against 5 kinds of cancer cells than plum 5~9 (intermediate-mature and mature fruit). Especially, plum 1 and 2 were exhibited the strongest growth inhibiting activities to AGS, HepG2 and MDA cancer cells. Also the plum extracts induced the activity of QR, an anticarcinogenic marker enzyme, in Hepa1c1c7 cells while the induction of QR activities by adding plum extracts were shown to be a little difference depending on growth stages. These results suggested that methanol extracts of immature plum can be considered as an effective natural cancer chemoprevention materials.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.681-687
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• 2018

Recently, several researchers have been developing cosmetics from natural ingredients for skin whitening and anti-aging products. The red sea cucumber (RSC), Apostichopus japonicas, is a species of sea cucumber in the family stichopodiae, which is widely distributed in China, Japan, and Korea. To use Red Sea Cucumber as a cosmetic ingredient, its inhibitory effects on melanogenesis and the anti-aging effects of RSC extracts were investigated. First, a tyrosinase activity assay was performed, which showed that RSC inhibited tyrosinase activity at a concentration of $200{\mu}g/ml$. An MTT assay was carried out to evaluate cell toxicity, and the results showed that RSC extract has no cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein 2 (TRP-2), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) genes treated with RSC extract in B16F10 and HaCaT cells decreased. Moreover, a wound-healing assay was performed to identify the cell regeneration effect of RSC extracts. Also, a skin turnover effect was confirmed by creating a three-dimensional cell culture with HaCaT and human fibroblasts. Altogether, the results suggested that Red Sea Cucumber may possess a high ability to induce whitening and anti-wrinkle effects as a cosmeceutical ingredient.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.341-354
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• 2005

For the genetic assessment of the cattle breeds including Hanwoo, eleven microsatellite markers on ten bovine autosomes were genetically characterized for 618 individuals of nineteen cattle breeds; North Eastern Asian breeds (Korean cattle, Korean Black cattle, Japanese Black cattle, Japanese Brown cattle, Yanbian cattle), Chinese yellow cattle (Luxi cattle, Nanyang cattle), European Bas taurus (Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Holstein, Limousin), African Bas taurus (N'Dama, Baoule), African Bas indicus (Kavirondo Zebu, White Fulani), Asian Bas indicus (Sahiwal, Nelore) and one Bali cattle, Bas banteng as an outbreed-reference population. Allele frequencies derived from the genotyping data were used in estimating heterozygosities, gene diversities and genetic distances. The microsatellite loci were highly polymorphic, with a total of 162 different alleles observed across all loci. Variability in allele numbers and frequencies was observed among the breeds. The average expected heterozygosity of North Eastern Asian breeds was higher than those of European and African taurines, but lower than those of Asian and African indicines. Genetic distances were estimated using Nei's DA genetic distance and the resultant DA matrix was used in the construction of the phylogenetic trees. The genetic distances between North Eastern Asian cattle breeds and Bas indicus were similar with those between European Bas taurus and Bas indicus, and African Bas taurus and Bas indicus, respectively. The clusters were clearly classified into North Eastern Asian, European and African taurines groups as well as different cluster with Chinese mainland breeds, firstly out-grouping with Bas indicus. These results suggest that Korean cattle, Hanwoo, had not been originated from a crossbred between Bas primigenius in Europe and Bas indicus in India and North Eastern Asian Bas taurus may be have separate domestication from European and African Bas taurus.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.725-729
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• 2006

A method was developed for the determination of fructooligosaccharides and raffinose contents in infant formula. The samples were extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography equipped with carbohydrate column and evaporative light scattering detector. The mobile phase used for the gradient mode was water-acetonitrile, at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min. The method showed a mean recovery of 95-99%, the relative standard deviation obtained in the precision study was 0.774-8.982%, the quantification and detection limits were 25-50mg/L.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.407-412
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• 2001

This study was conducted to find out the effect of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, such as latex coated urea(LCU) and Meister10(MS10) on direct seeded rice in dry soil(DS). Junghwabyeo, and early maturity rice cultivar was grown on the plots which were treated with None-nitrogen. urea. LCU and MS10 plot. Growth characteristic, yield and yield components were investigated. Nitrogen uptake-efficiency and physico-chemical properties of soil before-after experiment were analyzed. Plant height and number of tillers $m^{-2}$ in LCU and MS10 plot at early grow stages were higher than those in urea plot. Plant height and number of tillers $m^{-2}$ grown on the plot of Ms10 plot were higher than those of LCU plot. The number of seedling $m^{-2}$ were no significant differences among None-N, urea, and MS10 plot in DS. Heading date and leaf color were higher with Urea than LCU and MS10 plot. Culm length in LCU and MS10 plot were longer compared with urea plot, but panicle length was similar among with Urea, LCU and MS10 plot. Number of panicles $m^{-2}$ was greater in order of MS10 > LCU > Urea plot. Yield were greater in order of MS10 > LCU > Urea plot. Nitrogen uptake and nitrogen efficiency were greater in order of MS10 > LCU > urea plot. After the experiment, total content of nitrogen in soil was not changed at all treatments, but pH, P and Si of soil were lower than those of before experiment at all treatments.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.401-406
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• 2001

This study was conducted to find out the effect of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, such as latex coated urea(LCU) and Meister10(MS10) on direct seeded rice in flooded soil(FS). Junghwabyeo, and early maturity rice cultivar grown on the plots which were treated with None-nitrogen, urea, LCU and MS10 plot. Growth characteristic, yield and yield components were investigated. Nitrogen uptake-efficiency and physico-chemical properties of soil before-after experiment were analyzed. Plant height and number of tillers $m^{-2}$ in LCU and MS10 plot at early grow stages were higher than those of Urea plot. MS10 and LCU plot showed similar tendency on the plant height but MS10 plot was higher than LCU plot on the number of tillers $m^{-2}$. The number of seedling $m^{-2}$ were no significant differences among None-N, urea, and MS10 plot. Heading date and leaf color were no significant differences among None-N, urea, and MS10 plot. Culm length in LCU and Ms10 plot were longer compared with urea plot, but panicle length were similar among with Urea, LCU and MS10 plot. Number of panicles $m^{-2}$ was highest in MS10 plot and it was similar between LCU and Urea plot. Yield were greater in order of Ms10 > LCU > Urea plot. Nitrogen uptake and nitrogen efficiency were greater in order of MS10 > LCU > urea plot. After the experiment, total content of nitrogen in soil was not changed at all treatments, but pH, P and K of soil were lower than that of before experiment at all treatments.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.306-311
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• 2010

To detect Fusarium mycotoxins, grain samples were collected from 32 rice fields all over the country and from 19 maize fields in eastern and midland provinces in Korea in 2009. Maize contamination with Fusarium species (54.9%) was higher than in rice (8.2%). Using Fusarium species specific PCR primer sets (Fg16 and VERT), 58 and 354 of total 506 isolates from maize samples were putatively identified as F. graminearum (11.5%) and F. verticillioides (70.0%), respectively. From rice samples, 276 of 315 isolates (87.8%) were putatively identified as F. graminearum but F. verticillioides was not identified. LC or LC-MS analysis of the samples revealed that fumonisin was the most commonly detected mycotoxin in maize samples but its level was below the regulation limit. Only two maize samples were contaminated with deoxynivalenol and zearalenone at the levels above the regulation limit. In rice samples, contamination with zearalenone was common but the levels were below the regulation limit. This study showed that most of the Korean maize and rice samples collected in 2009 were contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins but the levels were below the Korean regulations for deoxynivalenol, fumonisin and zearalenone.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1992

Glomus species forming sporocarps were collected at limestone areas in Danyang, on coal mine overburdens in Munkyung, on plantations of Celtis sinensis in the Jindo island and Cryptomeria japonica in the Namhae island, on the Ilchulbong crater base and at a shrubby land near the Chunjiyeon fall. One of the characteristics of Glomus clavisporum is the thick wall ($25-33{\mu}m$) of its cylinderic chlamydospores at the apex. G. heterosporum chlamydospores are loosely connected with each other through brown thick-walled hyphae. G. liquidambaris has paraphysis between chlamydospores. G. rubiforme is blackberry alike. G. sinuosum has a peridium composed of golden yellow thick-walled($2-3{\mu}m$) sinuous hyphae. G. taiwanense has red brown sporocarps with yellow spores of which wall is thickest at the apex.