• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.536-543
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• 1997

The subjects wearing cool clothing (C group) or warm clothing (W stoup) in daily life from September to February of the following year were tested to examine whether cold acclimatization takes place by clothing habits. Subjects rested at 25$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, then were exposed to 15$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 50$\pm$5% R.H. for 90 min in September, November, December, and February. Rectal temperature (Tre) of C group after 90 min cold exposure did not drop below the Tre in $25^{\circ}C$ throughout the study. W group's Tre, however, dropped below the temperature in 25t from December. Shivering stopped after December in C group while W group continued to show it for the whole study. In resting, C group showed higher heat production than W group in February, and the rate of increase in heat production during cold exposure was smaller in C group than W group in February. C group showed less cold sensation than W group in the same coldness. These results suggest that the level of cold acclimatization may be improved by the habits wearing less clothes in daily life.

• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
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• v.8 no.1_2
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• pp.17-22
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• 2003

An endemic entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis megidis, was evaluated by its control efficacies against housefly, Musca domestica, and flower beetle, Gametis jucunda. In Petri-dish assay, the pathogenicity of H. megidis showed 456.4 infective juveniles/larva (IJs/larva) in median lethality (LC$_{50}$) against the second instar larvae of M. domestica and 238.9 IJs/larva against the second instar larvae of G. jucunda. This was contrasted with those of the other well-known entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, which showed 115.9 IJs/larva against M. domestica and 388.6 IJs/larva against G. jucunda. In field experiment, H. megidis were applied per square meter of pork farm with 1,000,000 IJs of H. megidis or apple orchard with 370,000 IJs, which were infested with M. domestica or G. jucunda, respectively. H. megidis showed 56.9% and 57.3% of control efficacies against M. domestica and G. jucunda, respectively. These results suggest a promising control technique in the field using H. megidis against M. domestica and G. jucunda.a.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.16
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• pp.84-95
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• 1998

Apple Marssonina blotch, caused by Diplocarpon mali, which has been increasing on apple trees and become one of the most serious diseases on apple trees in Korea since the begining of 1990's. In this study, ecology of Marssonina blotch including disease incidence and spore dispersals was surveyed from 1992 to 1995 in Kyungpook, and factors influencing the incidence of the disease were analyzed. Marssonina blotch began to occur on apple leaves in June and was observed commonly in most of apple orchards after August, and increased rapidly in September. The incidence of this disease was high at the year of low temperature and a lot of precipitation. The conidia discharge began to occur in May and continued to October, and the peak period of spore release was in August and usually more than 70% of total spore release of the year released from August to September. The incidence of the disease was high in the northern and mountain are as such as Yeongjoo, Chungsong, Andong, and relatively low in the southern areas such as Kunwi, Yongchon. Jonathan cultivar was the most susceptible to Marssonina blotch, and Jonagold, Sekaiichi was secondly susceptible and the next Fuji was more susceptible than Tsugaru. The incidence of the disease was relatively high in orchards which cultivation management of irrigation, drainage, air circulation, fertilization, and fungicide spraying were poor.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.233-238
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• 2003

인터넷의 급속한 성장과 함께 분산 네트워크 환경 하에서의 정보 검색 문제는 중요한 이슈가 되고 있다. 기하급수적으로 증가하는 정보의 홍수 속에서 사용자가 원하는 정보나 서비스를 효율적으로 찾아주는 방법은 꾸준히 연구되고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서 멀티에이전트(Multi-agent)환경 하에서 원하는 서비스를 제공하는 에이전트들을 효율적으로 탐색해 주는 에이전트간의 매치메이킹(Matchmaking) 시스템은 좋은 해결방안이 될 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제안한 확장 매치메이킹 알고리즘은 중개 에이전트가 특정 도메이 지식을 효과적으로 이용할 수 있도록 문제에 대한 표현과 추론 과정이 명확한 CSP로 모델링 함으로써 불필요한 탐색 공간을 효율적으로 제거하도록 하였으며, 서비스 요청 에이전트의 요구사항을 만족시키면서 가능한 한 중복되는 에이전트 쌍이 최소화 되도록 일반적인 유사도(Similarity)와 함께 새로운 경쟁도(Competition)를 고려하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 알고리즘이 기존의 매치메이킹 알고리즘보다 더 효율적인 것을 보이기 위해 온라인 인력 채용박람회를 모델로 하여 중개 에이전트가 직업을 구하는 서비스 요청 에이전트와 인재를 모집하는 서비스 공급 에이전트간의 매치메이킹 문제에 대해 실험 평가하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.491-498
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• 1996

울진 3,4호기의 발전소컴퓨터계통(PCS)은 한국형 표준 원전의 컴퓨터 시스템으로 향후 완벽한 시스템으로의 구성을 위해서는 설계 개념의 재검토와 보완이 필요하다. 그 과정의 일환으로 국내 기술진에 의해 이미 상당부분의 기술을 습득한 월성 2,3,4호기의 발전소 제어 컴퓨터계통(DCCS)과 개념적인 비교를 통하여 PCS에서의 설계개선 사항을 구조적으로 제시하고자 하였다. 분석결과 PCS는 실시간 처리가 취약하였고, 몇몇 화면의 구성이 운전원의 요구를 만족시키기 위해 개선되어야 하였다. 또한, DCCS와의 공통적인 취약점으로는 개발환경의 낙후, 데이타 처리능력의 저조, 주변기기와의 데이터 통신에 많은 시간이 소요되며 호환성 및 확장성이 대체로 취약하였다. 이에 대한 대응방안으로는 시스템의 전격적인 교체보다는 부하 분산을 통한 실시간 처리와 점진적인 주변기기의 교체가 바람직하며, 이러한 점진적인 시스템의 교체시 고려사항과 운전원에게 제공되는 화면의 재구성 방안을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.499-506
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• 2015

The artifacts of Admiral Yi Sun-sin (Treasure No.326) consist of six items with two long swords, a jade decoration, a belt and two peach-shaped cups. In commemoration of the opening of Chungmugong Yi sun-sin Memorial Museum (April 28, 2011), there were conservation treatments for those artifacts at the beginning of 2011. At that time, from the result of non-destructive surface analysis on pigments in blood-colored grooves of the two long swords, it was presumed to be synthetic resin paints. This study shows the accurate identification on pigments which was presumed as synthetic resin paints and its removal. To identify pigments in blood-colored grooves, the optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, Micro-XRF, XRD and FT-IR were used for the analysis. The results turned out that the thickness of $10{\sim}90{\mu}m$ in a single layer was measured. And major components containing Pb and Cr and lead chromium molybdenum oxide were identified and to identify components of adhesives from the analysis by FT-IR, it turned out to be alkyd resin, which can be presumed that they were recently colored with synthetic paints. The synthetic paints easily react with most of the organic solvents. And it is so easy to handle without the effect on metal that it was removed with acetone. While removing synthetic paints, all of paints on it were collected for identifying whether there is traditional pigment but nothing was identified.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.111-117
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• 1997

Occurrence status of Tetranychus viennensis Zacher was investigated in Kyonghuk province. Its ecological studies were carried out and chemical control efficacy against females and eggs was examined. And the results ohtained are as follows. T. viennensis occurred from mid April through mid November with the peak time in June on cherry tree. Population level of T. viennensis was varied from 0 to 160 individuals per 100 peach leaves in different peach orchards, and its occurrence rate was 35% out of 20 ochards. However no T. viennensis was observed from 25 apple orchards in 5 districts of Kyongbuk province. Overwintering stage of T. viennensis females appeared in mid October, and most of them moved into under the rough hark in early November. The overwintered adult females moved out from the rough bark to leaves in early April. Mortality during overwintering was about 55%. Under four constant temperatures of 16, 19, 22, 25$^{\circ}$C. egg periods were 14. 3, 9.2, 6.8, and 4.0 days ; larva -nymph periods were 20.2, 13.9, 8.7, and 6.6 days. Female longevity was 67. 7, 60.7, 46.4, and 34.0 days : mean tota: fecundities per female were 21.2, 44.3, 54.4, and 64.7 eggs. Some acaricides, azocyclotin, pyridaben, propargite, tehufenpyrad and fenpyroximate were highly effective against females, while hexythiazox and clofentezine showed very low control effect from 3.6 to 14.4%. Whereas, all of 7 acaricides tested highly effective against the eggs.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2014

The efficacy of mating disruptors MD-IKR (Isomate-KR) and MD-CR (Confuser-R) for controlling Grapholita molesta (Busck) and Carposina sasakii (Matsumura) was evaluated in non-chemical or organic apple orchards. For G. molesta, the efficacy of MD-IKR and MD-CR in Chilgok was 99.8 and 99.8% (2011) and 92.4 and 96.7% (2012), respectively, showing different mating reduction values. The efficacy of MD-IKR and MD-CR in Cheongsong was 99.1 and 92.8% (2011) and 99.6 and 99.6% (2012), respectively. For C. sasakii, the efficacy of MD-IKR and MD-CR was 100% at Chilgok and Cheongsong in 2011 and 2012. Evaluation of the shooting and fruit damage rates showed that the efficacy of the mating disruptors in controlling G. molesta and C. sasakii was better than that of the non-control. However, there was no significant control difference between using the mating disruptors and the conventional control. No difference in the efficacy of the two mating disruptors was observed. We believe that MD-IKR could be an alternative to MD-CR.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2008

A wax-typed pheromone dispenser has been developed and applied to control outbreak of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta, in apple orchard. To optimize its application technique, this study analyzed effect of different amounts of the pheromone dispenser on mating disruption('MD') of G. molesta. Different pheromone dispenser amounts significantly influenced the MD effect assessed by cumulative male adult catches monitored respectively by sticky delta trap and food trap, and resulted in differential damage on host plants. In a field test during entire growing season, a standard amount(120 g per 0.117 ha) of wax-typed pheromone dispenser was proved to be effective to suppress outbreak of G. molesta adults and to prevent host plant damage as much as a current commercial MD product($Isomate^{(R)}$). This study also demonstrated an effectiveness of deployment of food trap barriers around MD-treated area to prevent immigration of mated females from outside untreated areas. These results indicate that the wax-typed pheromone dispenser can be applied to control field G. molesta populations and its co-application with fuod trap barriers would be optimal to maximize MD efficacy.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2015

This study surveyed the selling, buying, usage, selection and spraying frequency of pesticides on apple orchards in Geochang, Gyeongsangnam-do province from 2012 to 2013 and found that the fungicides, insecticides and acaricides were sprayed $13.9{\pm}3.5$, $12.6{\pm}3.2$, and $2.6{\pm}1.3$ times per year, respectively. Fungicides were applied mainly to control for Diplocarpon mali, Colletotrichum gloeosporoides and Alternaria mali, whereas insecticides were sprayed mostly to control Grapholita molesta, Carposina sasakii insects. Dealers sold pesticides without monitoring of the pests in the apple orchards, and also sometimes sold pesticides which are non-registered for apple. Most of the farmers were highly relied on dealers' recommendations to choosing the brand product. Relating on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) on apple orchards in Geochang, residual active ingredient of frequently sprayed fungicides, insecticides, and acaricides were analyzed. Most applications of the fungicides, insecticides and acaricides were well corresponded with FAO's recommendations. For production of safe food and use of pesticides, it is requested to develope control calender and consideration of training program for farmers. The regional characteristics and environmental situation of the farm also should be considered.