• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.3-12
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• 2001

이소플라본은 대두와 대두가공제품에 들어있으며 화학적으로 두가지 형태 즉 아글리콘(aglycone)과 배당체(glucoside)로 존재한다. 본 논문은 사람에게 대두의 이소플라본이 흡수되는데 아글리콘과 배당체가 차이가 있는지를 연구하였다. 이소플라본을 저농도(0.11mmol)로 1회 투여했을 때 아글리콘형은 섭취 2시간 후에 혈장의 이소플라본 농도가 최고치에 도달하였으며 배당체형은 섭취 4시간 후에 최고치에 도달하였다: 이때 피험자는 4명의 남성(41세)과 4명의 여성(45세) 이었다. 또한 8명의 피험자〔남성 4명(40세), 여성 4명(47세)〕를 대상으로 고농도(1.7mmol) 이소플라본을 1회 섭취시킨 후 혈장의 이소플라본 농도 변화를 비교하였으며, 아글리콘 섭취 후 혈장 이소플라본의 최고 농도는 배당체로 섭취한 경우보다 5배가 높았다. 저농도와 고농도의 두 실험에서 모두, 제니스테인과 다이드제인의 섭취수준은 유사함에도 불구하고 혈장의 제니스테인의 농도가 다이드제인보다 유의적으로 높았다. 또한 8명의 남성(45세)을 대상으로 4주간의 장기간 이소플라본(0.30mmol/ 일)을 섭취시킨 후 혈장의 이소플라본 농도를 측정하였다. 2주와 4주째에 혈장내 농도는 배당체형보다 아글리콘 섭취 후에 100% 이상 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이소플라본 아글리콘은 배당체보다 사람에게 더 빠르고 더 많은 량이 흡수되었다. 이소플라본 아글리콘이 풍부한 제품은 이소플라본 배당체가 풍부한 제품보다 관상 심장질환 등 만성질환 예방에 더 효과적일 수 있을 것이다.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.403.2-404
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• 2004

최근 대두섭취가 극히 제한되어 있는 서구사회에서 전립선암, 유방암, 골다공증과 같은 호르몬 관련 질환과 심혈관질환의 유병률이 대두식문화권 있는 아시아인에 비해 현저히 높음이 몇몇 역학연구에서 보고 되고, 대두에 함유된 이소플라본의 생리적 활성이 밝혀지면서 대두 및 이소플라본 섭취에 대한 관심이 세계적으로 높아지고 있다. 그러나 한국인의 이소플라본 섭취 수준에 관한 자료는 극히 제한되어 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한국인의 이소플라본 섭취 수준을 평가하고 생태학적 변인에 따른 대두/이소플라본의 섭취 수준의 차이를 비교 분석하고자 하였다.(중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1043-1047
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• 2002

It is well known that soy isoflavones play beneficial roles in the prevention of chronic diseases such as breast cancer, cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. However current data are not sufficient for estimating the level of isoflavone intake. To use the urinary isoflavone excretion as a maker of isoflavone intake,26 participants consumed the isoflavone extract capsule (90 mg soy isoplavones/capsule) daily for 3 months. The study compared effects of pre- and post-isoflavone supplement in the following parameters; physical examination, dietary recalls, and urinary isoflavon excretion. The average age, height and weight were 65.7 years, 149.4 cm, and 57.3 kg. Subjects maintained regular diet pattern, and average daily nutrient intakes between pre- and post- supplementation were not significantly different except vitamin A, carotene and vitamin C. There was no significant difference between pre- and post- supplementation in terms of daily isoflavone intake. The basal urinary isoflavone excretion was 8.37 mg/day (daidzein 6.23 mu genistein 2.14 mg), and average daily excretion rate was IS.8%. Urinary isoflavone excretion was significantly increased, after isoflavone supplementation for 3 months as compared the basal level (p<0.01). Our data suggest that urinary isoflavone level, especially daidzein and genistein, may be a useful maker to estimate isoflavone intake.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1427-1433
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• 2006

The antioxidant activity, nitrite scavenging effect, and angiotensine I-converting enzyme inhibiting activity of solvent extracts of soybean isoflavone were investigated. Also anticarcinogenic activities of them were examined by MTT assay using human cancer cell line. Isoflavone aglycones showed relatively high antioxidant activity in order of glycitein, genistein, and daidzein. Methanol extract of soybean actively scavenged free radicals and was shown excellent nitrite scavenging effect. Glycitein and methanol extract of soybean inhibited the growth of human cancer cell such as stomach carcinoma (SNU-1) and colon carcinoma (SNU-C4) effectively. Genistein, daidzein and methanol extracts of soybean inhibited the growth of cancer cell such as stomach carcinoma (SNU-1), but had weak activities to colon carcinoma (SNU-C4). To applicate the soybean isoflavone as an enhancer for food quality and processibility, the stabilities on heat and pH of isolated isoflavone, isoflavone in soybean flour and isoflavone concentrate of soybean were investigated. Stability of isoflavone concentrate of soybean was decreased in pH extreme (below 3, above 8) during sterilization, but isoflavone in soybean flour showed higher stability in all pH range. All kinds of isoflavone tested in this study were very stable during the heat treatment.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.402-403
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• 2004

대두식품은 단백질과 생리활성 물질의 함량이 높아 주목을 받아 왔으며, 최근 대두에 함유된 이소플라본의 다양한 기능성이 밝혀지면서 대두 및 이소플라본 섭취에 대한 관심이 세계적으로 높아지고 있다. 최근 우리나라에서 중년여성 및 일부 지역의 성인을 대상으로 이소플라본 섭취 수준을 평가한 연구들이 있으나 청소년을 대상으로 대두식품 및 이소플라본의 섭취수준을 조사한 연구는 아직까지 이루어진 바 없다.(중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1294-1301
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• 2004

Soy foods are a unique dietary source of isoflavones, which have effects relevant to prostate cancer prevention. The present study determines the effects of a short-term isoflavone supplement on serum PSA (prostate specific antigen), lipid profile, antioxidant status, and immune system in prostate cancer patients. Ten prostate cancer patients were supplemented daily with 150 mg of isoflavone for 2 months. Blood samples were collected baseline and 2 month after for analysis of PSA, serum lipid profiles, total antioxidant status (TAS), grade of DNA damage in lymphocytes, IL-6, VEGF and TNF -$\alpha$. After 2 month isoflavone supplementation, increased significantly a total of estimated urinary isoflavone excretion and did not change PSA. Serum lipid profiles showed significant change in serum total cholesterol level (p=0.007). However, there was no significant change in HDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels. TAS was increased but not significant after isoflavone supplementation. Tail moment (TM) was decreased and especially tail length (TL) was decreased significantly (p=0.043). IL-6 level was decreased but VEGF level and TNF -$\alpha$ level were increased. The results of the present study led to the conclusion that the isoflavone dosage (150 mg) in supplement had positive effects on the serum total cholesterol level and DNA damage.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.4 s.100
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• pp.537-550
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• 2007

In a previous study, isoflavones showed prominent physiological effects on diabetes, hyperlipemia, and alcoholic hepatotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to develop isoflavone-rich bean sprout- and isoflavone extract-containing foods, to improve symptoms of diabetes and hyperlipemia. The foods employed were yogurt, bread, and cookies. Through sensory evaluations, the ingredient amounts were determined. In the sensory evaluations of the yogurt and bread, overall taste scores decreased with increasing amounts of bean sprout powder. However, for the cookies, the overall taste score increased with an increasing amount of bean sprout powder, and the addition of isoflavones had no influence on flavor. The results indicated the following ingredient levels for ultimate product development. For the yogurt, 100 mL of low fat milk was fermented at $50^{\circ}C$ for 36 hr, and mixed with 0.5 g of roasted bean sprout powder and 31 mg of isoflavone extract. For the bread, bean sprout powder was added to wheat flour at a replacement level of 10%, which was mixed with 12 g of butter and 124 mg of isoflavone extract for 200 g of dough. For the cookies, the bean sprout powder was added to wheat flour at a replacement level of 60%, and then mixed with 15 g of butter and 124 mg of isoflavone extract for 100 g of dough. The total isoflavone contents of the yogurt, bread, and cookies were 14.35 mg/100 mL, 38.24 mg/100 g, and 190.00 mg/100 g, respectively.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.3-15
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• 2002

이 논문은 이소플라본과 골조직의 관계에 대하여 발표된 역학조사, 사람과 동물을 대상으로한 실험, 조직세포연구, 세포배양에서의 연구들을 포괄하고 있다. 가장 중요한 결론은 적절한 양을 투여했을 때 이소플라본, 특히 제니스테인과 다이드제인은 골밀도 증진에 효과가 있다는 것이다. 쥐를 대상으로 한 실험에서 적정 골밀도 향상 효과를 나타내기 위한 이소플라본의 invivo 투여량은 에스트라디올보다 보통 1000배가 높았다. 또한 적정 투여량보다 낮거나 높은 농도에서는 이소플라본은 뼈에 유익한 효과가 없었으며 그 때문에 이중적인 효과를 발휘한다. 유사 조골세포를 배양한 결과 중 in vitro실험에서 제니스테인의 효과는 관찰되었으나 다이드제인의 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 일반적으로 대두와 대두제품에 존재하는 이소플라본은 동물이나 사람이 적정한 양으로 섭취하였을 때 약한 에스트로겐 효과를 발휘하지만 고농도에서는 오히려 해로운 효과가 관찰될 수도 있다. 제니스테인에 대한 세포수준의 연구에서는 고농도 투여시에는 정상적인 세포기능의 소실을 유도하기도 한다고 제안되었으며, 반면 다이드제인은 같은 농도에서 유사 조골세포에 유익한 효과를 발휘한다고 하였다. 사람이 식이로부터 섭취하는 양은 부작용을 초래할 정도가 되기는 힘들다. 따라서 이소플라본은 적정한 양으로 섭취했을 때 사람의 골질량을 유지하거나 골질량을 증가시키는 잠재적인 능력이 있음이 분명하다.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.218-230
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• 2010

This study was conducted to survey isoflavone intake among adult women in menopause with diseases such as metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis and to analyze the relationship between each of these chronic diseases followed by isoflavone intake and the related health risk index. The average age of the subjects was 49.97 years old, while that of the pre-menopausal subjects was 45.14 years, and the post-menopausal subjects was 55.99 years. The average body mass index (BMI), waist-hip circumference, body fat percentage, blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipid content of the post-menopausal subjects were higher in significant difference than those of the pre-menopausal subjects. The bone density of the hip and spine in post-menopausal subjects was lower in significant difference than that of the pre-menopausal subjects. After menopause, the subjects had a lower ratio of individuals at risk of anemia when compared with the subjects before menopause, but had higher health risk ratio related to each type of chronic disease, including obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol and osteoporosis than the subjects before menopause. The intake frequency of each soybean food was similar among subjects before/after menopause. The most common soybean based foods consumed by the subjects were soybean, soybean curd and soybean paste. The average daily intake level of isoflavone among subjects before menopause was 25.48 mg, while that of subjects after menopause was 32.25 mg. Evaluation of the distribution of the isoflavone level revealed that the pre-menopausal subjects consumed 3.29~78.36 mg and the post-menopausal subjects consumed 3.18~116.59 mg. The intake level by each individual varied greatly. The pre-menopausal subjects had a low BMI index and systolic blood pressure as much as their isoflavone intake level was high. Additionally, the post-menopausal subjects had a low menarche age and high menopause age when their isoflavone intake level was high, the BMI index and waist-hip circumference ratio was highest among individuals with lowest isoflavone intake level. This study showed that there was a possible relationship between soybean isoflavone intake and health problems such as obesity, high cholesterol, and osteoporosis in women after menopause with diseases such as metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis, even if this relationship was not great.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.833-839
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• 2005

This study was conducted to demonstrate whether dietary Ca and the soy isoflavones supplementation could reduce the bone loss associated with estrogen deficiency. Nine week-old female rats (SD) were ovariectomized and then fed on diet of low $(0.1\%)$ or normal $(0.5\%)$ Ca supplemented with soy isoflavones (80 and 160 ppm) for 6 weeks. The ovariectomized and sham-operated rats showed normal serum Ca and P levels, and dietary Ca and soy isoflavones did not changed them. The serum alkaline phosphatase activity was increased in all ovariectomized rats, especially in the rats fed low Ca diet regardless of isoflavone supplementation. The serum tartrate-resistance acid phosphatase was not significantly different among the ovariectomized rats and were not changed by dietary Ca and isoflavones. Breaking force of femur was higher in the rats fed the nomral Ca diets and not statistically changed by soy isoflavone supplementation. Femoral and lumbar Ca and P contents decreased in the ovariectomized rats and the soy isoflavones-80 ppm supplementation significantly enhanced bone minerals, but the soy isoflavones-160 ppm supplementation did not. Dietary Ca increased lumbar Ca and P contents. The results of this study have suggested that the soy isoflavones 80 ppm supplementation could be sufficient to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats and normal Ca supplementation could enhance the effect of soy isoflavones on bone protection.