• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.185-193
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• 2020

There have been many studies on the calcination of oyster shells in the perspective of recycling of resources. The quicklime made by the calcination of oyster shells is used either as it is or after reacting with water to transform to liquid lime before being used. However, the liquid lime made from calcined oyster shells show slightly different properties from that of limestone. In this study, to compare these properties of oyster shell with those of limestone, the samples were calcined and reacted with water at various temperatures to transform to a liquid lime and filtered using 150 ㎛ sieves to calculate the transform rate to liquid lime. The calcined limestone was transformed to liquid lime at all temperatures, but calcined oyster shell did not show any transformation at 30℃ and 50℃ under the experimental conditions of this study, and rather increased the weight for the remaining after filtration due to the presence of Ca(OH)₂ produced by the reaction with water, Even at 90℃, the transformation rate of calcined oyster shell to liquid lime was lower than that of limestone. This difference in oyster shell can be explained partly by the preventing calcined one from reacting with water by conchiolin which is protein found in the prismatic and pearl layers of oyster shell. Conchiolin is also known to be stable and does not decompose even at high temperature. However, even the calcined chalk layer without conchiolin shows lower transformation rate than that of calcined limestone, probably due to the small amount of Na in oyster shell, which may cause additional reaction including eutectic melt during calcination process.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.312-326
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• 2022

The generalized Hoek-Brown (GHB) criterion, which is recognized as one of the standard failure conditions for rock mass, is specialized for rock engineering applications and covers a wide range of rock mass conditions. Accordingly, many research efforts have been devoted to the incorporation of this criterion into the stability analysis of rock structures. In this study, the slip-line analysis method, which is a kind of elastoplastic analysis method, is combined with the GHB failure criterion to derive analytical equations that can easily calculate the plastic radius and stress distribution in the vicinity of the circular tunnel. In the process of derivation of related formulas, it is assumed that the behavior of rock mass after failure is perfectly plastic and the in-situ stress condition is hydrostatic. In the formulation, it is revealed that the plastic radius can be calculated analytically using the two respective tangential friction angles corresponding to the stress conditions at tunnel wall and elastic-plastic boundary. It is also shown that the plastic radius and stress distribution calculated using the derived analytical equations coincide with the results of Lee & Pietruszczak's numerical method published in 2008. In the latter part of this paper, the influence of the quality of the rock mass on the size of the plastic zone, the stress distribution, and the change of the tangential friction angle was investigated using the derived analytical equations.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.239-248
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• 2022

The taxonomy of bacteria in the field of clinical microbiology is in a state of constant flux. A large-scale revamping of the classification and nomenclature of anaerobic bacteria has taken place over the past few decades, mainly due to advances in molecular techniques such as 16S rRNA and whole genome sequencing (WGS). New genera and species have been added, and existing genera and species have been reclassified or renamed. A major role of the clinical microbiological laboratories (CMLs) is the accurate identification (ID) and appropriate antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) for clinically important bacteria, and rapid reporting and communication of the same to the clinician. Taxonomic changes in anaerobic bacteria could potentially affect the choice of appropriate antimicrobial agents and the antimicrobial breakpoints to use. Furthermore, current taxonomy is important to prevent treatment failures of emerging pathogenic anaerobes with antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, CMLs should periodically update themselves on the changes in the taxonomy of anaerobic bacteria and suitably inform clinicians of these changes for optimum patient care. This article presents an update on the taxonomy of clinically important anaerobic bacteria, together with the previous names or synonyms. This taxonomy update can help guide antimicrobial therapy for anaerobic bacterial infections and prevent treatment failure and can be a useful tool for both CMLs and clinicians.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.193-204
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• 2012

This research aims to examination the material characteristics changes of the ancient clay depending to firing temperature and to verify the firing temperature of the Joseon potteries from the Yongam site in Ssangyongdong of Cheonan, Korea. To this study, we conducted a firing experiments using the ancient clay that was verified raw material of the Joseon potteries from the study area in the temperature range from 500 to $1,200^{\circ}C$. The yellowish tint, the reddish tint and the specific gravity of firing samples increase according to firing temperature rise. But the absorption ratio and the porosity decreased under same firing temperature range. The soft potteries from the Yongam site has similar material characteristics with the fired samples at 800 to $950^{\circ}C$. And the hard potteries from the Yongam site bears the same relation to the fired samples at about $1,100^{\circ}C$. This result is considerably signification for the interpretation of firing temperature. The geochemical characteristics of the original clay according to the firing experiments, on the other hand, is not affected of temperature in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.259-264
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• 2002

In this study, sintering properties of Artificial Lightweight aggregates(ALAs) prepared from coal ash as a function of sintering temperature (900$^{\circ}$C, 1000$^{\circ}$C, 1100$^{\circ}$C) and time (2min, 5min, 10min) when limestone added as lightweight mineral was investigated. Increasing the sintering temperature resulted simultaneously from a decline of quartz mineral as well as growth of mullite mineral. Addition of limestone to ALAs newly formed sintered minerals such as clinoptilolite and plagioclase. Sintering effect of ALAs prepared from coal ash and limestone was more affected by a sintering temperature than time. As sintering temperature and time increae, transition of macropore to micropore and formation of closed pores were happened, consequently shrank the total pore volume of ALAs. The surface of ALAs sintered at 1000$^{\circ}$C for 5min was nearly not detected open pores due toe amalgamation effect of molten slag layer but homogeneous distributions of closed pores with micro-scale were examined in cross sectional area ALAs. Sintering temperature and time which present the most adequate state, in the preparation of ALAs, are corresponded to 1000$^{\circ}$C and 5min, respectively.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.2 s.42
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• pp.29-36
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the inelastic behavior of reinforced concrete bridge columns with unbonding of main reinforcements at plastic hinge region. A computer program, named RCAHEST (Reinforced Concrete Analysis in Higher Evaluation System Technology), for the analysis of reinforced concrete structures was used. Material nonlinearity is taken into account by comprising tensile, compressive and shear models of cracked concrete and a model of reinforcing steel. The smeared crack approach is incorporated. The effect of unbonding of main reinforcements at plastic hinge region has been also taken into account to model the concrete and reinforcing steel. The proposed numerical method for the inelastic behavior of reinforced concrete bridge columns with unbonding of main reinforcements at plastic hinge region is verified by comparison with reliable experimental results.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.184-198
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• 1989

가공공정에 관한 여군 및 개발의 목적은 결함없는 부품을 경제적으로 최적의 방법으로 생산하 는데 있다. 최적가공조건은 부품에 부여된 요구사항에 따라 달라지나 그 조건을 예측함은 가 공공정 전반에 관한 깊은 이해를 요한다. 최적화 측면에서 볼 때 소성가공이나 고분자재료, 복 합재료, 금속 및 세라믹 분말 등의 신소재 성형가공 등에 있어서의 공정 설계와 제어는 주어진 가공조건하에서 가공중의 재료의 상태를 정확하게 해석하는 데서 출발한다. 유한요소법을 사 용한 공정의 시뮬레이션이 현대적 성형가공 기술에 있어서 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있는 이유는 바로 여기에 기인한다. 이 글에서는 소성가공 공정을 요약하고 공정 설계에 유한요소법을 적 용하는 방법을 몇 가지 공정의 예를 들어 설명하였다. 각각의 예에 있어서는 개발의 동기와 핵심, 그리고 최근의 연구동향을 언급하였다.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.728-738
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• 1993

원자력 압력용기의 소성변형에 의한 파괴의 방지를 위한 설계개념의 요체는 압력용기에 발생하는 응력을 하중형태와 중요도에 따라 분류하고, 분류된 각각의 응력범주에 대해서 극한설계의 개 념에 의한 붕괴하중에 안전계수를 도입한 것이다. 원자력 압력용기에 적용된 안전계수는 재료의 인장가동에 대해서 3이다. 이것은 일반용 압력용기에 대한 안전계수 4보다 적은 값이나, 원자력 압력용기의 소성변형에 의한 파괴방지를 위하여 이미 모든 작용하중에 대하여 응력해석을 수행 하였고 그 결과를 평가한 것이기 때문에 안전계수는 낮더라도 더 안전하다고 할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.67-75
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 지반의 비등방성을 고려한 점탄소성 bounding surface 모델의 정확성을 검증하고 모델정수의 영향을 고찰하였다. 이를 위하여 모델을 컴퓨터 프로그래밍 하였으며 실내시험을 실시하였다. 실내시험으로는 표준압밀시험, 등방/비등방 압밀 삼축압축시험, 크리프 시험 등이 실시되었다. 연구결과, 컴퓨터 프로그램을 이용한 해석결과와 실내시험 결과는 잘 부합되었으며, 탄소성 모델정수의 영향은 크지 않았으나 점소성 모델정수의 영향은 해석결과에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 고찰되었다.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 1984

소성 이론은 아직 모든 금속성형 문제에 정확한 해를 줄 정도로 충분히 진보되어 있는 상태는 아니지만, 그럼에도 불구하고 실제 공정의 단순화, 가공물의 이상화를 통해 문제를 해석함으로써 가공하중, 금속유동등에 관한 인자들의 영향을 예측하고, 또 원하는 결과를 얻기 위한 적절한 가공조건을 선택할 수 있도록 근사해를 제공하고 있어 실제 공정이 성립하기 전에 행하는 실험적 시도의 량을 충분히 줄일 수 있다. 따라서 여기서는 우선 금속성형에 관련된 수학적 소성 이 론의 기초이론과 소성변형의 해석방법을 소개 하고자 한다.