• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.969-980
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• 2001

이 연구의 목적은 사회.문화적 관점에서 한.미 여성의 이상적인 미, 바디이미지, 그리고 외모행동을 비교조사 하는데 있다. Open-Ended Questions에 의한 연구 결과, 이상적인 미로 미국여성이 \"키크고 마른 신체 매력성\"을 추구한 반면, 한국여성은 \"내적인 미\"와 \"서구적인 신체 매력성\"을 추구하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상적인 미를 추구하기 위해 미국여성은 주로 신체의 하체부분, 한국여성은 얼굴부분을 많이 가꾸고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 외모행동으로는 한국여성은 화장이나 피부관리 등에, 미국여성은 excercise나 다이어트 등을 많이 하고 있었다. 사회.문화적 이상적인 미에 비교해 볼 때 두 집단 모두 자신의 외모에 대해 만족하지 못하는 편으로 나타났다. 또한 두 나라 집단의 여성들은 각 나라마다 사회.문화적 이상적인 미가 각각 존재해야 함에도 불구하고 현재에는 이상적 미의 기준이 문화에 관계없이 동일한 편이라고 응답을 하였다. 본 연구에서는 사회.문화적 집단주의와 개인주의 개념을 토대로 이러한 연구결과들이 논의되어 진다.주의 개념을 토대로 이러한 연구결과들이 논의되어 진다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.12 s.159
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• pp.1672-1682
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• 2006

Attitudes about the ideal body are influenced by media, including fashion magazine advertisements. The purpose of our study was to analyze the ideal body image for males and females in contemporary society. We analyzed the contemporary ideal gender image through the examination of physical characteristics(body type, age), and fashion styles(hair, make up, supplements, clothing styles, body exposure) in fashion advertisements published in Gentlemen's Quarterly(GQ) and Vogue issued during 2002. The results indicate some blurring in masculinity and femininity resulting in gender neutralization and naturalness pursuing natural appearances. But, some previous beauty norms related to masculinity and femininity remained.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.371-380
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• 2012

Based on results using factor analysis, Women's definition of "Ideal beauty" can be materialize into four key factors, "Confident beauty", "Graceful beauty", "Lively beauty", and "Genuine beauty". Factor analysis was conducted to materialize Women's definition of "Ideal beauty"and the above four factors were representative of 56.31% of total variance. "Ideal beauty" defined by age category was also found significant difference, indicating existence of different "Ideal beauty "definition for age groups. Itemized age category's "Ideal beauty" definitions are as follows, 18-22 years, bright and lively, 23-27 years, cute and confident, 28-32 years, sensible and confident 33-37 years, hard-working, 38-42 years, ability and composure, 43-47 years, casual and graceful, 48-52 years, refined and noble, 53 years and above, healthy and proper as "Ideal beauty" definitions. The defined "ideal beauty" was steadily shifted with age group. Women 38 years and younger were defined external attributes to "Ideal beauty", as women 38 years and older were defined inner attributes to "Ideal beauty". Women's definition of "Ideal beauty" can materialize into four key factors, "Confident beauty", "Graceful beauty", "Lively beauty", and "Genuine beauty".

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.31-31
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Community Living Science Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.153-153
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• 2003

메이크업 문화의 경우 1950년대까지는 이상적이라고 설정된 여성미가 획일적으로 일반인들에게 모방되었다. 그러나 1960년대 이후부터는 미에 대한 기존의 가치개념에 변화가 이루어지면서 메이크업은 사회구성원에 따라 다양하게 등장하는 미의 표출 수단으로 새롭게 전개되었다. 또한 20세기의 패션 산업 향장 산업, 광고산업, 영화를 포함한 각종 영상산업, 문화산업, 예술산업 등의 발달을 통하여 메이크업의 역할이 중요한 자리매김 되어가고 있다. 이들에 대한 재해석을 통한 현대 예술의 상상력은 메이크업의 영역을 확대 시켰다. 한국적 전통에 바탕을 둔 메이크업 역시 새로운 해석과 예술적 기술을 접목 시켜 현대의 미를 창조 함으로써 한국적인 에스닉 스타일을 개발는데 의의 있는 일이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.46
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• pp.67-88
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• 1999

텍스타일의 발전에 있어서 진보적 기술혁신은 합성섬유의 잠재력을 높이는데 큰 촉매 역할을 해왔는데 그 중 가장 두드러지게 성공적인 분야는 바로 스트레치 직물 분야이다. 스트레치는 그자체의 다양한 종류와 변화무쌍한 특성과 함께 스포츠 웨어, 캐주얼웨어 뿐 아니라 최근에는 정장류 남성복에 이르기 까지 그 사용범위와 미적 표현이 크게 증가되고 다양해졌다. 스트레치의 미는 기능적이고 편안하면서도 직물자체의 유동적인 특성과 함께 인체와 더불어 표출되는시각적 이미지가 현대미에 새로운 개념을 더하고있다는 데에 그 가치가 있다. 본 연구목적은 현대 패션디자인에 표현되어진 스트레치의 미적 개념과 가치가 무엇인가를 발견하는데 있다. 특히 섬유과학기술의 진보로 인한 스트레치 직물의 다양함과 그에대한 디자이너들의 패션철학과 디자인의 다양한 변화를 강조하고 나아가 다음세기를 위한 보다 나은 디자인의 방향을 제시해 보고자한다. 연구결과는 다음과같다. 1, 스트레치의 가장 두드러지는 현대적 미는 편안함과 기능성에 있다. 특히 스트레치 직물 자체가 더욱 가벼워지고 강해지면서 현대생활과 미래생활에서 가장 크게 중시되고 있는 comfortable & functional 의 이상적인 개념을 충적시켜 주고 있다. 2. 스트레치 직물의 유동적특징에서 대표적으로 나타난 스타일은 바디스트인데 이것은 스트레치 자체의 신축성이 기본적으로 인체곡선 위에서 표현되어진 것으로서 거의 비슷한 스타일의 uniformity 현상을 낳게 되었고 또한 인체선의 드러남으로 인해 'healthy'이미지 추구라는 현대미의 새로운 개념을 가져왔다. 2. 더욱 정교해진 스트레치는 결국 transparent look을 낳았고 또한 비치는 직물들을 겹쳐입는 layering 현상을 가져왔는데 이것은 현대적 순수미와 여성미가 시감각적 이미지로 표현되어진 것이라 할수 있다. 4. 스트레치가 되므로서 생기는 긴장은 다른 디자인 요소들에 대해서는 극히 단순한 것을 요구하면서 결국 simplicity를 동반하게 되었다. 5. 스트레치는 디자인 구성 요소들의 보다 작은 개념을 낳았는데 즉 더욱 좁아진 형과 작아진 사이즈 없어지거나 줄어든 다트와 구성선 그리고 그에따라 줄어든 공정과 낮아진 가격이다. 이 개념은 현대미의 minimalism의 한 현상으로 해석되어지며 스트레치 직물은 여기에 가장 부합되는 소재가 되었다. 6. 스트레치의 시각적 이미지는 그자체가 'easy' 'free'느낌과 함께 보편적이면서 미래적이다. 이상으로 볼 때 미래의 패션은 보다 진보적인 섬유과학발전에 힘입어 21세기의 새로운 환경에 잘 적응 할 수 있는 합리적이면서도 미적 가치가 내포된 인간에게 보다 친숙한 디자인으로 전개되리라고 생각되어진다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.15-30
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• 2001

The purpose 7f this study is to investigate the change of the ideal beauty of human bodies and the related clothing form designs from the ancient Egypt to the Romantic Period in the aspect of optical illusions effects to achieve the ideal beauty so that we can accumulate the knowledges for the modern clothing form design and the related optical illusion effects. The scope of this study is limited to the female body forms and female dress forms. The analysis on the optical illusions in the dress forms of the various period relied on the literatures and some representative photographs and figures. The important results are as follows : 1. In the body Priority type designs of Egypt, Greece and Rome, the natural Beauty of human bodies was represented by H type silhouett, the smooth and transparent drapery materials were used with radiant line pleats resulting in slant optical illusions. 2. In the clothing priority type designs of Byzantine, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo and Romantic Period, manteau, cotehardie, hennin and poulain were used to emphasize long arms and legs, high waists, belly curves and large heads resulting in optical illusions of vertical emphasize. Also long train, farthingale and panier were used to emphasize body expansion resulting in the optical illusions of Titchener alld Lipps. Large and complex patterns showed the optical illusions of Aubert. 3. In the clothing priority/body concealment type of Byzantine period, thick materials with precious gems and voluminous silhouettes were used to emphasize body expansion resulting in optical illusions of materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.8
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• pp.65-80
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine and fully understand the transformation of female's ideal beauty through time based on word analysis. Word selection was made from the very exemplary Women's magazines : Yuhwon, Jubu-Saengwhal, and Yuhsung-Dongah. Further, in order to research the understanding of female's ideal beauty, a random research was done on 445 women, ranging from the ages 20's through 60's. From the result, a frequency analysis was performed to further analyze the meaning of ideal beauty to each sector of the age groups for different time periods : the 1980's and the 1990's. To the 20's, beauty awareness was defined by the word ‘intelligence’, however, the 1980's endorsed confidence with composure and calmness where as the 1990's preferred beauty to be defined by ‘refinement and goal oriented’. The 30's selected ‘individuality’ marked with confidence in character, but there was a shift from ‘mature intelligence’ in the 1980's to ‘professionalism’ in the 1990's. The 40'E chose mediocrity and commonness, however, likewise, a sense of ‘earnestness’ for life and family was looked upon as beautiful. For the 50's, comfort with a reserved tenure was frequently noted and for the 60's, women chose ‘health and independence’ as describing ideal beauty. The results from the research are justifiable because the articles are in a neutral perspective and are from the representative women's magazines. This research proved that the younger the age group, the more exterior beauty was considered, as opposed to the older generation who found inner beauty to be of most importance.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.13-51
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• 2021

The aim of this essay is to illustrate Sunjung Manhwa in the 1970s which has been alienated in comics studies. This essay analyses the articles and the serial comics in Schoolgirl, the magazine in the 1970s, and examines the ideal representations of the girls at that time. Sunjung Manhwa is really different between the 1960s and 1970s. It cannot be explained on this gap just by analyzing Sunjung Manhwa in book form alone. Even though the censorship on comics was the element that has hampered the development of comics as a whole, the slumps of Sunjung Manhwa in the 1970s were very excessive compared to other comics genres. This article can gain the answers to the reason of the changes of Sunjung Manhwa by studying the magazines which was the main mass media aimed at girls with Sunjung Manhwa. While the articles in magazines show the editing direction and its characteristics, they reflect the values and ideologies at that time. The same is true for the comics in the magazines. Especially, the comics in the magazines was relatively free from the censorship. This essay examined how the articles and the comics in the girls' magazine in the 1970s represented the images of girls at the time by focusing on feature articles and comics in the magazine, Schoolgirl. This article explored Um, Hee-Ja's Blue Zone and Bang, Young-Jin's Mini March among a full-length serial comics in the magazine, Schoolgirl. Both Blue Zone and Mini March reveal the images of an ideal girl that has been emphasized by the articles in Schoolgirl. Blue Zone draws the appearances of an earnest and obedient daughter, and Mini March represents the figures of a cheerful and bright girl. Through this study, it can be recognized that the magazines in the 1970s highly appraised girls who are obedient to a given society and serve to a harmonious family as ideal ones, and it might be guessed that the ideal images of girls that was characterized ceaselessly by the magazines were the standard of the censorship on comics and its creativity and had also a huge impact on the contents and the expressions of a great deal of works. The 1970s was the times when its importance has been lost in the history of the comics studies by the censorship on the comics and the monopoly of "Hapdong(합동) publisher." The limits of expression in terms of censorship were awfully distinct, so its result was few of good works in quality, and there are still many blanks in the study on 1970s' comics. This study has a meaning which fills up a blank in the comics studies.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.477-484
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• 2011

When an event of target variable is rare, a widespread strategy is to build a model on the sample that disproportionally over-represents the events, that is over-sampled. Using the data over-sampled from the original data set, the predicted values would be biased; however, it can be easily corrected to represent the population. In this study, we investigate into the relationship between the proportion of rare event on a data-mart and the model performance using real world data of a Korean credit card company. Also, we use the methods for adjusting of posterior probability for over-sampled data of the offset method and the weighted method. Finally, we compare the performance of the methods using real data sets.