• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.375-379
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• 2000

이산화황 함유량에 대해 한약재를 대상으로 실험하였으며, 한약을 달여서 탕으로 섭취하는 점을 감안하여 한약을 달인 액을 시료로 이산화황 함량을 조사하여 소비자들이 한약을 달여서 섭취하는 과정에 안전성을 검토하고자 실험을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 생약재 중 이산화황 함유량은 국산 14건중 맥문동(16.9 ppm), 백작약(56.0), 산약(67.7)이 검출되었으며, 수입산은 13건 중 금은화(653.4 ppm), 길경(628.9), 반하(37.1), 백부근(11.7), 부자(82.4), 상백피 (82.7), 석창포(98.0), 패모(497.0),에서 이산화황이 검출되었다. 구입 시기 및 장소를 달리하여 구입한 생약재는 시기나 장소가 달라지면서 생약재에 함유된 이산화황 함량이 서로 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 국산과 수임산과의 이산화황 함량 차이를 조사한 결과 국산의 경우에는 천화분 1건(29.5 ppm)을 제외한 나머지 시료에서 불검출을 보였으나, 수입산의 경우 13건중 7건(건지황, 과루인, 지실, 구기자, 남성, 우슬, 천화분)이 검출되어, 수입산이 국산보다 이산화황을 더 많이 함유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 약탕기로 한약액을 달여서 검사한 결과 최초 구입한 생약재의 함유량보다 이산화황 함량이 감소하는 경향을 보였으나, 원래 생약에 다량 함유되어 있는 경우에는 최종 잔류되는 함유량도 높게 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.599-608
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• 2015

In this present study, we quantified the $SO_2$ effect on $O_3$ retrieval from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) measurement. The difference between OMI-Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and OMI-Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometer (DOAS) total $O_3$ is calculated in high $SO_2$ volcanic plume on several volcanic eruptions (Anatahan, La Cumbre, Sierra Negra, and Piton) from 2005 through 2008. There is a certain correlation ($R{\geq}0.5$) between the difference and $OMI-SO_2$ in volcanic plumes and the significant difference close to 100 DU. The high $SO_2$ condition found to affect TOMS $O_3$ retrieval significantly due to a strong $SO_2$ absorption at the TOMS $O_3$ retrieval wavelengths. Besides, we calculated the difference against various $SO_2$ levels. There is the considerable difference (average = 32.9 DU; standard deviation = 13.5 DU) in the high $OMI-SO_2$ condition ($OMI-SO_2{\geq}7.0DU$). We also found that the rate of change in the difference per 1.0 DU change in middle troposphere (TRM) and upper troposphere and stratosphere (STL) $SO_2$ columns are 3.9 DU and 4.9 DU, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.743-754
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• 2014

In this present paper, we, for the first time, calculated $SO_2$ inflow from China to Korea peninsula based on OMI $SO_2$ products and HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model) backward trajectory calculations. The major factors used to estimate $SO_2$ flux are long range transported $SO_2$ concentration, transport speed of air mass, and thickness of transported air mass layer. The mean and maximum $SO_2$ fluxes are estimated to be 0.81 and $2.11g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}h^{-1}$, respectively based on OMI products while, those of $SO_2$ fluxes are 0.50 and $1.18g{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ respectively using insitu data obtained at the surface. For most cases, larger $SO_2$ inflow values were found at the surface than those estimated for the air mass layer which extends from surface up to 1.5 km. However, increased transport speed of air mass leads to the enhanced $SO_2$ flux at the altitude up to 1.5 km at the receptor sites. Additionally, we calculate uncertainties of $SO_2$ flux using error propagation method.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the residual sulfur dioxide residues ($SO_2$) in commercial medicinal herbs in Korea in 2013. Among a total of 116 samples of 11 different kinds of herbs, 71 samples (11 Kinds) were domestic, and 45 samples (10 Kinds) were imported. The residual contents of $SO_2$ in the samples were determinated by a modified Monier-Williams method. Of the 116 samples, 6 samples (5.2%, 4 Kinds) failed to meet the regulations for sulfur dioxide residues of KFDA in medicinal herbs. Among 6 unsuitable samples, 1 samples (1.4%) were domestic, and 5 samples (11.1%, 3 Kinds) were imported. The highest amount of sulfur dioxide residues was 1546.3 mg/kg (Lycii Fructus) in the domestic samples. Regardless of region, $SO_2$ contents were not found at Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Citri Unshius Pericarpium, Eucommiae Cortex, Forsythiae Fructus, Gardeniae Fructus, Leonuri Herba and Lonicerae Folium et caulis. These data will be used as a basic data for the future legislation on the regulation and control of sulfur dioxide of herbal medicines.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.76-84
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• 1995

본 연구에서는 코코넛 껍질로부터 제조한 활성탄을 열 및 산소-암모니아의 혼합가스로 전처리하여 표면의 특성 변화와 이산화황 흡착능에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 전처리한 활성탄으로 이산화황 흡착실험을 수행한 결과, 전처리한 활성탄은 기본 활성탄 시료보다 높은 흡착능력을 보였다. 본 연구의 전처리 실험에서는 산소와 암모니아를 주입하여 활성점을 제공하는 산소와 환원성 분위기를 조성하는 질소관능기를 도입하였다. 전처리 조건은 0∼25%의 암모니아와 473∼1273K의 온도이며 처리조건을 변화시킴으로써 표면 기능의 척도가 되는 세공구조와 원소조성 및 표면 관능기 등에 직접적인 영향을 주었다. 흡착능력은 고정층 반응기에서 전자 비틀림 저울로 이산화황 흡착량을 측정하여 비교하였고, 이 과정 중의 활성탄 표면의 특성변화를 원소분석, 승온탈착법, 산-염기 적정법, 주사현미경법 등의 분석 방법을 통해서 알아보았다. 그 결과, 이산화황의 최대 흡착 능력은 온도조건 973∼1173K에서 나타났다. 또한, 암모니아로 처리하지 않은 활성탄에 비하여 암모니아로 처리한 활성탄은 그 주입농도에 관계없이 이산화황의 흡착제거율을 약 48% 정도 향상시켰다.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.196-203
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• 2006

A flue gas emission known to cause an acid rain, containing sulfur dioxide, is tightly controlled by a regulation. The membrane contactor could be one of the alternatives which might be useful technologies for better performance of desulfurization. The fundamental sulfur dioxide separation data were obtained by a flat membrane contactor so that they could be utilized for the full scale membrane contactor. The separation of sulfur dioxide was measured in terms of the concentration of NaOH absorbent, the concentration of sulfur dioxide, the feed flow rate and different membrane materials. As the concentration of absorbent increased, the removal efficiency increased. By increasing the concentration of sulfur dioxide, the removal efficiency decreased. As the feed flow rate increased, it was observed that the removal efficiency decreased. Finally, the effect of the membrane material on separation was found to be negligible.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 1983

The catalytic oxidation of $SO_2$ has been investigated in the presence of vacuum-activated 10 mol % Ni-doped ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ under various partial pressures of $SO_2\;and\;O_2$ at temperatures from 320 to $440{\circ}C$. Over the temperature range $320{\sim}440{\circ}C$, the activation energy is 13.8 $kcal{\cdot}mol^{-1}$. The oxidation rates have been correlated with 1.5 order kinetics; first order with respect to $SO_2$ and 0.5 order with respect to $O_2$. From the kinetic data and conductivity measurements, the adsorption, oxidation mechanism of $SO_2$ and the defect structure of vacuum-activated 10 mol % Ni-doped {\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ are suggested. $O_2\;and\;SO_2$ appear to be adsorbed essentially as ionic species. Two surface sites, probably an $O^{2-}$ lattice and an oxygen vacancy which is induced by Ni-doping, might be required to adsorb $SO_2\;and\;O_2$. The conductivity measurements and kinetic data indicate that the adsorption process of $SO_2\;{(SO_2+O^{2-}}_{(latt)}{\rightleftharpoons}{{SO_3}^-}_{(ads)}+e')$ is the rate-determining step.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2018

The effect of $SO_2$ treated pads (Sodium metabisulphate 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g/kg) on the quality of dried persimmons and dried persimmons slices were investigated. The $SO_2$ treated pads did not affect to weight, moisture loss rate, and soluble solid contents of dried persimmons and dried persimmons slices. The color change (${\Delta}E$) of dried persimmons and dried persimmons slices after storage for 8 weeks were the highest (value=6.0, 6.2) in control, whereas that was the lowest (value=4.8, 4.7) under $SO_2$ pad 2.0 g/kg condition, respectively. When we measured the browning degree of dried persimmons, they showed O.D. 0.65, 0.57, 0.29, and 0.18 in serial dilution treated pads with $SO_2$ pad 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg. The browning degree data from aforementioned dried persimmons after 8 weeks was similar to that from dried persimmons slices. The decay rate of dried persimmons and dried persimmons slices after storage for 8 weeks were the highest (value=33.3%, 36.7%) in control, whereas that was the lowest (value=3.3%, 6.7%) under $SO_2$ pad 2.0 g/kg condition, respectively. The concentration of residual $SO_2$ in dried persimmons and dried persimmons slices were detected within a safe range of 15.3~30.0 ppm. Therefore, the shelf-life of dried persimmons and dried persimmons slices were lengthened in $SO_2$ treated pads (especially in $SO_2$ pad 2.0 g/kg) for inhibiting of browning and decay.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.629-637
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• 2016

In this present study, we identified the $SO_2$ effect on $O_3$ retrieval from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) measurement over Chinese Industrial region from 2005 through 2007. The Planetary boundary layer (PBL) $SO_2$ data measured by OMI sensor is used in this present study. OMI-Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) total $O_3$ is compared with OMI-Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometer (DOAS) total $O_3$ in various $SO_2$ condition in PBL. The difference between OMI-TOMS and OMI-DOAS total $O_3$ (T-D) shows dependency on $SO_2$ (R (Correlation coefficient) = 0.36). Since aerosol has been reported to cause uncertainty of both OMI-TOMS and OMI-DOAS total $O_3$ retrieval, the aerosol effect on relationship between PBL $SO_2$ and T-D is investigated with changing Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD). There is negligible aerosol effect on the relationship showing similar slope ($1.83{\leq}slope{\leq}2.36$) between PBL $SO_2$ and T-D in various AOD conditions. We also found that the rate of change in T-D per 1.0 DU change in PBL, middle troposphere (TRM), and upper troposphere and stratosphere (STL) are 1.6 DU, 3.9 DU and 4.9 DU, respectively. It shows that the altitude where $SO_2$ exist can affect the value of T-D, which could be due to reduced absolute radiance sensitivity in the boundary layer at 317.5 nm which is used to retrieve OMI-TOMS ozone in boundary layer.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.119-150
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• 1997

1990년 동북아 23개 지역의 이산화황 총배출량은 14.7백만톤이었다. 이중 중국동북부가 81%, 한국이 12%, 일본이 5%, 그리고 북한이 2%를 배출하였다. 기본시나리오하에서 동북아지역의 이산화황 배출은 2020년에 40.5백만톤에 이를 것으로 추정되고 있다. 중국에서 배출된 장거리 월경성 대기오염물질은 한반도와 일본으로 이동하며 특히 산성강우는 중국으로부터의 이산화황 배출에 크게 영향을 받고 있다. 산성강우는 자연생태계와 농작물에 피해를 줄 뿐 아니라 인간의 건강에도 심각한 피해를 준다. 따라서 미래의 산성강우 피해를 줄이기 위해서는 자국뿐 아니라 인접국의 이산화황 및 질소산화물 배출도 함께 감소되어야 한다. 동북아지역 국가들은 경제발전단계 및 환경협력 논의에서의 우선순위가 다르기 때문에 가까운 시일내에 환경협력을 위한 다자간 협약을 체결하기는 어려울 것이다. 따라서 ESCAP, APEC 등 기존의 지역협력기구를 이용하거나 IBRD, ADB 등의 다자간 외부금융기관이나 공적개발원조 (ODA) 등을 통해 개선된 환경기준을 준수하도록 하고 지역환경개선을 위한 협력사업을 추진하는 것이 바람직하다. 또한 산성비와 관련한 동북아 환경협력은 과학적 조사를 통해 객관적이고 신뢰할만한 정보를 획득하는 것으로부터 시작하여 단계적으로 추진되어야 하며, 정치, 경제, 과학, 외교 등 여러 분야에 걸쳐 중앙정부 뿐만 아니라 지방정부와 NGO도 포함하는 다차원적, 포괄적으로 추진되어야 한다.