• Membrane Journal
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2020

As the demand for fossil fuels continues to increase worldwide, carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration in the air has increased over the centuries. The way to reduce CO₂ emissions to the atmosphere, carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology have been developed that can be applied to power plants and factories, which are primary emission sources. According to the climate change mitigation policy, direct air capture (DAC) in air, referred to as "negative emission" technology, has a low CO₂ concentration of 0.04%, so it is focused on adsorbent research, unlike conventional CCS technology. In the DAC field, chemical adsorbents using CO₂ absorption, solid absorbents, amine-functionalized materials, and ion exchange resins have been studied. Since the absorbent-based technology requires a high-temperature heat treatment process according to the absorbent regeneration, the membrane-based CO₂ capture system has a great potential Membrane-based system is also expected for indoor CO₂ ventilation systems and immediate CO₂ supply to smart farming systems. CO₂ capture efficiency should be improved through efficient process design and material performance improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.286-296
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• 2016

Offshore CCS technology is to transport and inject $CO_2$ which is captured from the power plant into the saline aquifer or depleted oil-gas fields. The more accumulated injected $CO_2$, the higher reservoir pressure increases. The increment of reservoir pressure make a dramatic change of the operating conditions of transport and injection systems. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully analyze the effect of operating condition variations over the injection period in early design phase. The objective of this study is to simulate and analyze the $CO_2$ behavior in the transport and injection systems over the injection period. The storage reservoir is assumed to be gas field in the East Sea continental shelf. The whole systems were consisted of subsea pipeline, riser, topside and wellbore. Modeling and numerical analysis were carried out using OLGA 2014.1. During the 10 years injection period, the change of temperature, pressure and phase of $CO_2$ in subsea pipelines, riser, topside and wellbore were carefully analyzed. Finally, some design guidelines about compressor at inlet of subsea pipeline, heat exchanger on topside and wellhead control were proposed.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.143-165
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• 2016

The amount of greenhouse gas emission reduction based on INDCs (Intended Nationally Determined Contributions) submitted to UN by each party is not sufficient to achieve the Paris Agreement's aim to "hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below $2^{\circ}C$ above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to $1.5^{\circ}C$" which was determined in the $21^{st}$ Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP 21). Accordingly, the emission reduction target of each party will be revised for the $2^{\circ}C$ goal. Among the several options to reduce the carbon emission, CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) is a key option to curb $CO_2$ emissions from large emission sources such as fossil-based power plants, cement plants, and steel production plants. A large scale CCS demonstration projects utilizing $1^{st}$ generation $CO_2$ capture technologies are under way around the world. It is anticipated, however, that the deployment of those $1^{st}$ generation $CO_2$ capture technologies in great numbers without government support will be difficult due to the high capture cost and considerable increase of cost of electricity. To reduce the carbon capture cost, $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ generation technologies are under development in a pilot or a bench scale. In this paper, current status of large scale CCS demonstration projects and the $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ generation capture technologies are summarized. Novel capture technologies on wet scrubbing, dry sorbent, and oxygen combustion are explained in detail for all capture areas: post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture, and new combustion technologies.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.988-993
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• 2012

Energy and cost analysis of the preprocessing for carbon capture and storage transportation such as supercritical compression and liquefaction is done using chemical simulation model. Direct compression to supercritical phase (process 1-1), liquefaction and pumping (process 1-2), carbon dioxide compression and expansion as a refrigerant itself (process 2), usage of other refrigerant with compression and expansion (process 3-1), with absorption chiller (process 3-2), cascade refrigeration (process 3-2) have been simulated and evaluated. The specific cost is about 4 to 7 $/ton.

• Clean Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.229-249
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• 2012

At present, global warming and depletion of fossil fuels have been one of the big issues which should be solved for sustainable development in the future. CCS (carbon capture and sequestration) technology as the post $CO_2$ reduction technology has been considered as a promising solution for global warming due to increased carbon emission. However, the environmental and ecological effects of CCS have drawn concerns. There are needs for noble post reduction technology. More recently, CCU (carbon capture and utilization) Technology, which emphasizes transforming carbon dioxide into value-added chemicals rather than storing it, has been attracted attentions in terms of preventing global warming and recycling the renewable carbon source. In this paper, various technologies developed for carbon dioxide conversion both in gas and liquid phase have been reviewed. For the thermochemical catalysis in gas phase, the development of the catalytic system which can be performed at mild condition and the separation and purification technology with low energy supply is required. For the photochemical conversion in liquid phase, efficient photosensitizers and photocatalysts should be developed, and the photoelectrochemical systems which can utilize solar and electric energy simultaneously are also in development for more efficient carbon dioxide conversion. The energy needed in CCU must be renewable or unutilized one. CCU will be a key connection technology between renewable energy and bio industry development.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2007

Gas hydrates are known to form by physical interactions between host water and guest gas molecules and thus can be treated as a special type of icy materials. The gas hydrates are recently highlighted because of their use to future energy source even though they were discovered naturally in the deep-sea marine sediments a long time ago. However, the present and future urgent task is to develop the efficient and safe production technology for recovering methane from gas hydrates. Here, we propose one of potential recovery processes using swapping phenomenon occurring between gaseous carbon dioxide and methane hydrate deposits. Such a swapping process provide several technological and economical advantages over conventional processes. The carbon dioxide can be directly sequestered into methane hydrate layer and simultaneously methane can be produced with a high recovery rate more than 90%. In addition, the icy powders can be effectively used as a new medium for storing hydrogen. To increase hydrogen storage capacity the icy hydrate networks need to be redesigned to create the more empty cages in which hydrogen gas can be enclathrated. Functionalized icy materials might be used in a variety of energy and environmental fields.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.660-662
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 미 인근 해저에서 ODP로 확인된 부존 하이드레이트 샘플을 다양한 분광학 및 실험적 분석 방법을 통해 시료의 물성 및 특성을 파악하여 부존된 하이드레이트 자원의 성분 파악을 목적으로 하고 있다. 일반적으로 가스 하이드레이트 연구에 있어서 X-ray diffractometer, NMR stectrometer, Raman spectrometer 등 분광학적 분석기기를 이용하여 가스 하이드레이트의 구조 및 성분을 규명한다. 본 연구에서는 실험실에서 인위적으로 만들어진 메탄 하이드레이트와 심해저 천연가스 하이드레이트 층에서 채취된 샘플의 비교 분석을 통하여 심해에 매장되어 있는 천연가스 하이드레이트의 구조 및 성분을 규명하였다 XRD 결과로부터 천연가스 하이드레이트는 sI의 구조를 가지며 NMR 및 Raman 결과에 의하면 하이드레이트 내에 포집되어 있는 가스의 주 성분은 메탄인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 천연가스 하이드레이트를 이용한 이산화탄소의 치환 실험을 통하여 심해저 천연가스 하이드레이트 층의 이산화탄소 저장 매체로의 활용 가능성을 조사하였다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.394-396
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• 2008

주요 온실가스인 이산화탄소를 회수 및 저장(Carbon Capture and Storage)하는 기술은 주로 적은 $CO_2$농도를 가지는 연소후 포집공정이 개발 및 적용되었으나, 최근에는 보다 적극적으로 이산화탄소를 분리하기 위하여 연소전 석탄가스화복합발전(IGCC)과 같은 공정에 적용하여 반응공정 중에 생성되는 높은 농도의 $CO_2$를 분리하는 공정이 선진국을 중심으로 활발히 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고압의 연소전 조건에서 아민계보다 흡수속도는 느리나 생성가스에 유입되는 $O_2$, SOx, NOx에 의한 부반응 현상, 휘발에 의한 손실, 열적 열화현상이 나타나지 않는 알칼리염계 흡수제의 $CO_2$ 흡수특성에 대하여 연구하였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.242-245
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• 2008

In the power generation industry, various efforts are needed to cope with tightening regulation on carbon dioxide emission. Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is a relatively environment friendly power generation method using coal. Moreover, pre-combustion $CO_2$ removal is possible in the IGCC system. Therefore, much effort is being made to develop advanced IGCC systems. However, removal of $CO_2$ may affect the system performance and operation through reduction of fuel gas supplied to the gas turbine. This study predicts system performance change due to $CO_2$ capture by pre-combustion process from the normal IGCC performance without $CO_2$ capture and presents results of design parametric analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.153-165
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• 2014

Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technology is recognizing one of method responding the climate change with reduction of carbon dioxide in atmosphere. In Korea, due to its geological characteristics, sub-seabed geological $CO_2$ storage is regarded as more practical approach than on-land storage under the goal of its deployment. However, concerns on potential $CO_2$ leakage and relevant acidification issue in the marine environment can be an important subject in recently increasing sub-seabed geological $CO_2$ storage sites. In the present study effect data from literatures were collected in order to conduct an effect assessment of elevated $CO_2$ levels in marine environments using a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) various marine organisms such as microbe, crustacean, echinoderm, mollusc and fish. Results from literatures using domestic species were compared to those from foreign literatures to evaluate the reliability of the effect levels of each biological group and end-point. Ecological effect guidelines through estimating level of pH variation (${\delta}pH$) to adversely affect 5 and 50% of tested organisms, HC5 and HC50, were determined using SSD of marine organisms exposed to the $CO_2$-induced acidification. Estimated HC5 as ${\delta}pH$ of 0.137 can be used as only interim quality guideline possibly with adequate assessment factor. In the future, the current interim guideline as HC5 of ${\delta}pH$ in this study will look forward to compensate with supplement of ecotoxicological data reflecting various trophic levels and indigenous species.