• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.288-289
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• 2011

최근 대두되고 있는 중요한 문제 중 하나인 기후변화협약에 의하여 온실가스 배출량에 대한 감축 및 규제가 실시되고 있으므로, 우리나라에서도 이에 대한 대비를 하지 않으면 안 되며, 유가가 급등하고 있어 에너지 소비를 감소시키는 정책을 적극적으로 수행해 나가야 한다. 전력시스템이 대형화되고 더욱 복잡하게 구성되면서, 전력손실 감소 및 전압관리 차원에서 부하 역률 관리의 중요성이 새롭게 부각되고 있다. 따라서 온실가스 배출량 감축 효과를 반영하여 우리나라의 전력시스템의 적정한 부하역률 기준치가 새롭게 조정될 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 온실가스 배출량 감축 효과를 반영하기 위한 기초연구로서 적정 부하역률을 산정하기위한 기법을 제시하고, 이산화탄소의 배출량 감축 효과를 반영하지 않을 때와 반영할 때의 적정 부하역률이 어떻게 변화하는지를 주어진 하나의 전력 시스템을 사용하여 분석한다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1095-1100
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• 2013

Carbon dioxide is a major cause for which accelerates Global Warming. Therefore several countries are working on the project recommended to use a bicycle instead of the car when you move to the nearby destination in an effort to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide. In this paper, It was developed to measure the greenhouse gas reduction using Bluetooth Sensor Node by riding a bicycle instead of a car and management system in order to authenticate the riding record. The developed application provides various information such as individual bicycle mileage, greenhouse gas reductions, bicycle riding path, the number of planted ginkgo trees. This proposed system is expected to be helpful to green house gas emission reduction because the usage rate of bicycle will increase if government combine ways to offer people rewards such as pin money or tax breaks for people who take advantage of the bicycle with the project.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1053-1063
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• 2014

This study presents a sustainable design method that optimizes the embodied energy of concrete beam based on the concept of sustainable development that effectively utilizes natural resource and energy within the range that our succeeding generation can afford to utilize. In order to get the flexural strength carrying the ultimate load, concrete beam sections are designed by optimization that consists of the embodied energy as a objective function and the requirements of design code as constrained conditions. The sustainable design can be used to minimize the embodied energy consumed in material production, construction, operation, demolition of the infrastructure. As a result of comparison of the cost and the embodied energy optimizations based on practical beam sections, it is shown that 20% embodied energy saving and 35% $CO_2$ emission saving are achieved by sacrificing 10% cost increase. The sustainable design method provides a new effective methodology that manages the strength design concept based on cost minimization together with economic feasibility and sustainability. In addition, the method is expected to be applied to more various structural design practices.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.353-363
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• 2016

In this study, traditional treatment scenario of food wastes that collected and transported food waste is recycled in large treatment facilities and suggested treatment scenario of onsite zero discharge system that food waste is treated in housing complex were supposed. The scenarios were compared and analyzed by capital expenditure, oil consumption, $CO_2$ emission quantity, operating expenditure and management expenses. The capital expenditure, oil consumption and $CO_2$ emission quantity of small scale dispersion dealing method is the lowest compared to traditional treatment method. As a results, it is possible to obtain the effect that operating expenditure was reduced by 91% and management expenses was reduced by 40% with suggested treatment method. The treatment method that have low capital expenditure is tend to lower oil consumption and $CO_2$ emission quantity. The small scale dispersion dealing method have the lowest capital expenditure, oil consumption and $CO_2$ emission quantity and the linked method with sewage treatment have the highest expenditure and $CO_2$ emission quantity. Eventually, the optimal model of onsite zero discharge system in housing complex is small scale dispersion dealing method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.55-64
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• 2013

Conventionally, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector have been estimated using the fuel consumption (i.e. Tier 1 method). However, the GHG emissions on road networks may not be practically estimated using the Tier 1 method because it is not practical to monitor fuel consumption on a road segment. Further, air pollutant emissions on a road may not be estimated efficiently by the Tier 1 method either due to the diverse characteristics of vehicles, such as travel speed, vehicle type, model year, fuel type, etc. Given these conditions, the goal of this study is to propose a Tier 3 level methodology to calculate $CO_2$ and $NO_X$ emissions on inter-regional roads using the information from ITS infrastructure. The methodology may avoid the under-estimation issue caused by the concavity of emission factor curves because the ITS speed or volume information is aggregated by a short time interval. The proposed methodology was applied to 4 road segments as a case study. The results show that the management of heavy vehicles' speed is important to control the $CO_2$ and $NO_X$ emissions on road networks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.33-42
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• 2010

Recently, the reduction of greenhouse gases(GHG) for climate change is the most important international issue. In order to control efficiency GHG emission rate reduction, it is essential to establish GHG emission inventory preferentially. The emission of ships that are emitting its $CO_2$ in international waters is becoming chief among the issues which country is put under an obligation. In the IMO reports, shipping is estimate to emit 1,046million tonnes of $CO_2$, which corresponds to 3.3% of global emission during 2007. International shipping is estimated to have emitted 870 million tonnes, about 2.7% of global emission of $CO_2$ in 2007. In this study, the general information of GHG emission, based on fuel consumption statistic, Tier 1, and the emission inventory is calculated to break down in to domestic and international emission. The GHG emission from ships in Korea was total 31,646 Gg $CO_2$-eq in 2009, which is included fishing, Korea flag coastal ship, Korea flag ocean going ship and foreign flag ships. And domestic emission and international emission was 5,398Gg $CO_2$-eq, 7,630Gg $CO_2$-eq and foreign flag ship was 18,618Gg $CO_2$-eq respectively.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.723-738
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• 2007

This paper draws some implications from Logarithmic Mean Weight Divisia Method (LMWDM) on the sources of $CO_2$ emission changes in the manufacturing sectors of Korea, UK, and USA. The sources of change in industrial $CO_2$ emission of a country, as manifested by production scale factor, structural factor, and technical factor, summarizes the forces behind the change in $CO_2$ emissions in each country's manufacturing sector. There are three observations. First one is that Korea's emission is increasing while USA and UK are experiencing reduction or stabilization of $CO_2$ emission in the manufacturing sector. Second implication is that the technical factor affecting $CO_2$ emission in Korea does not help much, or even hinder, the reduction of $CO_2$ emissions, comparing to USA and UK. Third one, which is the combined result of the first and the second one, is that Korea's increasing trend in aggregate $CO_2$ emission throughout the periods in consideration is mainly due to the failure in technical progress, or the deterioration in the structure of within subcategories, or both. The policy implications is clear. The obvious prescription is to launch a nation-wide policy drive which can revert these adverse trends.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1217_1218
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• 2009

현재 국내를 비롯하여 세계적으로 녹색성장, 친환경 등의 열풍이 고유가와 화석연료의 고갈위기와 맞물려 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이미 미국, 영국, 프랑스, 이태리, 일본 등의 선진국에서는 자연 친화적, 경제적 실리 추구 및 편리성을 추구하면서 청정 에너지를 사용하는 "미래형 이동수단"에 큰 관심을 갖고 우리보다 한발 앞서 나가고 있다. 2005년 2월 16일 발효된 기후변화의 주 요인인 온실가스 배출 감축을 위한 교토의 정서 또한 이러한 친환경이란 말과 무관하지 않다. 교토의정서의 발효 이후 세계 각국은 의무화된 규제조항을 만족하기 위해 막대한 자본을 투입하고 있다. 우리나라의 경우 온실가스 배출량이 세계 9위에 달하고 있으며, 전체 온실가스 배출량의 82.5% 정도가 화석에너지의 사용에 의해 발생되고 있다. 이중 이산화탄소의 경우 전체 배출량의 27%를 자동차에서 배출되며, 이로 인해 세계 각국에서는 자동차에서의 배출가스를 규제하는 조항을 법제화하고 있다. 이러한 규제는 앞서 미국의 경우 캘리포니아 주정부에서 1998년부터 전기자동차 사용을 의무화하는 ZEV 규제를 입법화하면서 본격화되었고, 무공해 및 저공해 자동차의 개발이 활발하게 진행되었다. 또한 고유가 시대로 접어들면서 대체에너지에 대한 필요성이 한층 고조되고 있는 실정이다. 이중 전기자전거는 배터리를 통해 무공해, 무소음이라는 장점을 가지고 있으며, 유지관리비가 거의 들지 않고 교통체증을 완화시켜주며, 주차에 신경쓰지 않아도 되어 교통수단에 혁신을 가져다 줄 것이라 생각된다. 또한 전기자전거의 경우 배터리를 동력원으로 사용하며 전동스쿠터 등에서의 문제점인 일충전 주행거리에 제약을 받지 않아 최근 중국 등에서 보급이 급격히 확산되고 있는 추세에 있다. 하지만 대부분 납축전지, 니켈-카드뮴 등의 배터리가 사용되고 있어 중량, 수명, 중금속에 의한 환경오염 등의 다양한 문제점을 내포하고 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.63-64
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• 2011

Recently, due to global warming, CO₂ emissions is one of the global issues over all areas including construction industry. In Korea, apartment housing has large ratio of building construction and its CO₂ emissions during the operation and maintenance has the most large amount of tatal life cycle of apartment housing. However, there are rare research related to this subject. So, this study investigates the CO₂ emissions of domestic apartment housing during the operation and maintenance. In the future, the results of this study can be utilized in further study to decrease CO₂ emissions strategy.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2010

A forest project for the sequestration of carbon dioxide helps to reduce the concerntration of greenhouse gas in atmosphere and provides various co-benefits. A lot of forestry-based carbon offset programs have been developing for the purpose of CSR(Corporate Social Responsibility), voluntary GHG emission reduction, and regulatory context etc. in worldwide. We studied major characteristics - project type and criteria, additionality, credits, permanence, carbon accounting and monitoring, co-benefit - of advanced forest carbon offset programs. Also, we tried to comprehend the direction and basic elements to design a domestic program.