• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.290-298
• /
• 2011

The influence of co-existing gases on the hydrogen permeation was studied through a Pd-coated $V_{53}Ti_{26}Ni_{21}$ alloy membrane. The hydrogen permeation characteristics of Pd-coated $V_{53}Ti_{26}Ni_{21}$ alloy membrane have been investigated in the pressure range 1-3 bar under pure hydrogen and hydrogen mixture gas with carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide at $450^{\circ}C$. Preliminary hydrogen permeation experiments have been confirmed that hydrogen flux was $5.36mL/min/cm^2$ for a Pd-coated $V_{53}Ti_{26}Ni_{21}$ alloy membrane (thick: 0.5 mm) using pure hydrogen as the feed gas. In addition, hydrogen fluxes were 4.46, 5.20, $3.91mL /min/cm^2$ for$V_{53}Ti_{26}Ni_{21}$ alloy membrane using $H_2/CO_2$, $H_2/CO$ and $H_2/CO_2/CO$ as the feed gas respectively. Therefore, the hydrogen permeation flux decreased with decrease of hydrogen partial pressure irrespective of temperature and pressure when $H_2/CO_2$, $H_2/CO$ and $H_2/CO_2/CO$ mixture applied as feed gas respectively and permeation fluxes were satisfied with Sievert's law in different feed conditions. It was found from XRD results after permeation test that the Pd-coated $V_{53}Ti_{26}Ni_{21}$ alloy membrane had good stability and durability for various mixtures feeding condition.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.267-274
• /
• 2009

Considerable attention has been given to developing methodologies to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide from industry to meet strengthened environmental regulations. In this article, recent research trends on dry reforming of methane as an alternative method to reduce $CO_2$ emission from large scale industrial processes are addressed. To efficiently provide the energy needed in this strong endothermic reaction without additional $CO_2$ emission, it seems to be desirable to adopt autothermal reaction mode. The produced synthesis gas could be used as a reducing gas, or a feedstock for synthesis of chemicals and fuels.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2009

The study was conducted to examine effective concentration and fertilization time of $CO_2$ for the growth of potted Phalaenopsis in growth chambers. Enrichment level of $CO_2$ was 1,000 or $2,000{\mu}mol{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ and fertilization time was 06:00~12:00, 00:00~06:00, or 18:00~24:00. Two, seven, or twelve month-old clonal micropropagules of Phalaenopsis cultivars were cultured for 99 days. Leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, root length and fresh weight of all Phalaenopsis cultivars in $2,000{\mu}mol{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ $CO_2$ were significantly greater than that of $1,000{\mu}mol{\cdot}mol^{-1}\;CO_2$. $CO_2$ fertilization time was the greatest growth in 0:00~06:00.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.134-139
• /
• 2007

Experimental and numerical analysis were performed for separation of carbon dioxide from carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas mixture using a polyethersulfone hollow fiber membrane. The experimental results were compared with those obtained at the same operating condition by the numerical analysis. It was observed that there was a big difference between the experimental results and those by a numerical analysis where the permeance of carbon dioxide and its ideal selectivity over nitrogen were obtained from the pure gas permeation. Therefore, the permeance of carbon dioxide and its selectivity were obtained from the separation experimental results using the numerical analysis as a function of the mole fraction of carbon dioxide, the feed pressure and the permeate pressure in the gas mixture. The results of the numerical analysis using the selectivity obtained from the gas mixture were in good agreement with those of the experimental.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2011

The high fuel flexibility of Micro Gas Turbine(MGT) has boosted their use in a wide variety of applications. Recently, the demand for biogas generated from the digestion of organic wastes and landfill as a fuel for gas turbines has increased. We researched the influence of firing landfill gas(LFG) on the performance and operating characteristics of a micro gas turbine combined heat and power system. $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ simultaneous recovery process has been developed for field plant scale to provide an isothermal, low operating cost method for carrying out the contaminants removal in Land Fill Gas(LFG) by liquid phase catalyst for introduce into the green house for the purpose of $CO_2$ rich cultivation of the plants. Methane purification and carbon dioxide stripping by muti panel autocirculation bubble lift column reactor utilizing Fe-EDTA was conducted for evaluate optimum conditions for land fill gas. Based on inflow rate of LFG as 0.207 $m^3$/min, 5.5 kg/$cm^2$, we designed reactor system for 70% $CH_4$ and 27% $CO_2$ gas introduce into MGT system with $H_2S$ 99% removal efficiency. A green house designed for four different carbon dioxide concentration from ambient air to 1500 ppm by utilizing the exhaust gas and hot water from MGT system.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.243-251
• /
• 2018

Methane is one of the important greenhouse gases and methane is the major component of the biogas. A multiple stage membrane process was developed and analysed with the numerical analysis so that the mole fraction of methane in the final product could be kept higher than 0.95 and simultaneously the recovery of methane was also maintained higher than 99% from the biogas using 3 polysulfone hollow fiber membrane modules which were properly connected. As the feed pressure of the biogas, the mole fraction of methane in the biogas and the membrane area in the membrane module are increased, the methane mole fraction of the final product are found to be increased. However, a proper membrane area in the module should be carefully selected in order to achieve the satisfactory goal of 0.95 mole fraction of methane and 99% recovery of methane from the biogas. Even if the multiple membrane process is utilized with the properly selected membrane modules, the limited operating ranges have to be applied in the following parameters : the feed pressure, the flow rate, the mole fraction of methane in the biogas to get both the target methane concentration and the recovery rate of methane.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2011.07a
• /
• pp.304-305
• /
• 2011

이산화탄소의 배출로 인한 지구온난화와 화석연료의 고갈로 인한 에너지난은 신재생 에너지원의 필요성을 증가시켰다. 현재 국내에서는 디젤 발전기로 전력을 공급하는 울릉도 시스템을 신재생 에너지원을 계통에 연계시키는 울릉도 녹색 사업이 진행 중에 있다. 하지만 울릉도는 육지와의 거리가 멀어 계통 연계의 어렵고 신재생 에너지원의 출력 변동성으로 인한 계통운영에 어려움이 예상된다. 울릉도의 안정적인 전력 공급을 위해 Micro-Grid EMS 구축이 요구되는 상황이며 본 논문에서는 Micro-Grid EMS 구축을 위한 방안 및 방향성을 제시하고자 한다.

• 보건세계
• /
• v.43 no.11 s.483
• /
• pp.4-7
• /
• 1996

폐는 산소가 많이 포함된 신선한 공기를 혈액에 공급하여 줌으로써 우리 몸의 활동유지에 필요한 산소를 공급해 줌과 동시에 신체의 활동에 의하여 생성된 이산화탄소를 몸밖으로 배출하는 작용을 주로 하는 기관이다. 따라서 폐는 본연의 기능을 유지하기 위하여 계속적으로 외부의 공기를 흡입하여야 한다. 이 과정에서 외부에서 균으로 오염된 공기를 흡인하거나 또는 폐에 도달되기 전에 공기가 거쳐 지나가게 되는 구강 및 인후가 균으로 오염되어 있다가 오염된 분비물이 기도로 흡인되거나 하는 경우에는 폐실질에 염증이 발생할 수 잇는데, 이러한 경우를 폐렴이라고 한다. 이밖에도 다른 외부장기의 감염이 혈행성으로 폐로 전이되어서 폐렴이 발생할 수도 있다. 폐렴의 원인균은 각종 세균, mycoplasma, chlamidae, rickettsiae, virus 등 매우 다양하며, 균이 아닌 자극성 물질 또 호산구의 폐침윤 등에 의해서도 폐렴이 발생할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
• /
• 1995.05a
• /
• pp.1047-1053
• /
• 1995

한국의 장기 에너지공급 전략에서 에너지수요 및 환경제약에 따른 원자력에너지의 역할을 평가하기 위해 에너지수급 최적화모형인 MESSAGE를 이용하였다. 에너지수급 네트워크의 입력자료로 필요한 유효에너지 수요를 예측하기 위해 새로운 프로그램을 개발하였고, 이 결과를 이용하여 1993년부터 2040년까지 원자력계통을 포함한 전체 에너지계통에 대한 최적화를 수행하였으며, 노형전략 및 핵연료주기전략, 원자력에너지의 확대이용 방안 등을 제시하였다. 한국에서 원자력 확대이용에 대한 핵심 요인은 경제성장 규모, 화석연료의 이용가능성, 이산화탄소 배출규제, 부지 및 대중수용성에 의해 제한 받는 원자력 자체의 공급능력이 될 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
• /
• 1999.11a
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 1999

식물이 생장하고 발육하며 자신의 생명을 유지해 나가기 위해서는 끊임없이 에너지를 공급받아야 하는데, 이 에너지의 공급원은 태양으로부터 오는 광에너지이다. 이러한 광에너지는 엽록소(chlorophyll)를 함유한 녹색식물의 잎이나 줄기 등에서 기공(stomata)을 통하여 흡수되는 이산화탄소($CO_2$)와 뿌리에서 주로 흡수되는 물($H_2O$)로부터 당류ㆍ전분과 같은 탄수화물을 합성하고 산소를 방출하는데 이러한 광에너지가 화학에너지로 변환되는 과정을 광합성(photosynthesis) 또는 탄소동화작용(carbon assimilation)이라고 한다. (중략)