• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.33
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• pp.31-53
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• 2013

In the early twentieth century, history of animation began by modern artists, they produced various experimental images with the newly invented film and cameras. Artists in the field of movie, photography, paintings and others manipulated images in motion. But as some animated movies won industrial success and popularity, they became the trend but experimental style of early animation preserved by so-called non-mainstreamers or experimental animators, counteracting commercialism. Disney animation also followed the trend by applying realistic Hollywood film style, the worse critics placed a low value on the animation and it tarnished the image, although it was profitable investment from a business standpoint. To make images realistic, they opened a drawing class that animators developed skills to imitate motions and forms from subjects in real life. Also some techniques and gizmos were used to mimic and simulate three dimensional objects and spaces, multiplane camera and compositing 3D CG images with 2D drawings. Moreover, they brought animation stories from fairly tales or folk tales, and Walt's personal interest in live-action movies, they applied Hollywood-film-like narratives and realistic visual, and harsh criticism ensued. On the surface early disney animations' potential seems to be weakened, but in reality it still exists by simplifying and exaggerating forms and color as modern arts. Disney animation employs concepts of the modernism paintings such as simplified shapes and colors to a character design, when their characters are placed together in a scene, that visual elements cause mental reaction. This modification gives a new internal experience to audiences. As conceptual colors in abstract paintings make images appeared to be flat, coloring characters with no shading make them look flat and comparing to them, background images are also appeared to be flat. On top of that, multi-perspective at background images recalls modernist paintings. This essay goes in details with the animation pioneers' works and how Disney animation developed its techniques to emulate real life and analyses color schemes, forms, and spaces in Disney animation compared with modern artists' works, in that the visual language of Disney animation reminds of impression from abstract paintings in the beginning of the twentieth centuries.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.18-25
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• 2007

A symbol is one of the images that represents individual elements, and it has the power of metaphoric delivery to its audiences. Symbols, in animation, allows the audience to perceive various descriptions as symbols, leading to variety of interpretation. And by providing psychologically deeper meaning to the audience, it enhances the symbolic value of the images. However, detailed study regarding symbol analysis leaves much to be desired. This paper is an semiological approach to the Czechoslovakia animator, Jiri Barta, and his symbolic images, with particular focus on the darkness symbols that appear in the Czech cultural characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.311-312
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• 2015

시대에 따라 스크린에 훌륭한 애니메이션 작품들이 존재해왔다. 이를 통해 수많은 훌륭한 애니메이션 캐릭터들도 함께 탄생하였다. 이러한 캐릭터의 이미지 특징들은 성격의 명암이 뚜렷하고, 시간이 흘러도 늙거나 변치 않는다는 요소들을 가지고 있다. 스토리는 캐릭터를 완성한다. 그러나 다른 한편으로는 캐릭터가 스토리의 완성도를 높이게 됨을 부인할 수 없다. 애니메이션 캐릭터가 가지는 성격의 중요성은 아무도 부정할 수 없다. 애니메이션에서 어떻게 뚜렷한 성격과 개성을 가진 캐릭터를 묘사를 해왔는지 본 논문은 시대에 따른 캐릭터 묘사의 요소를 분석하여, 캐릭터의 성격과 개성의 묘사방법을 찾아 보고자 한다.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.9
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• pp.235-249
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• 2005

Manual processing to make illusion-image of Digital Animation consists of handicraft technology indeed, such as an animation process, image addition and image revision etc.. This thesis asserts that is acquiring new art concept, resuscitating the craftsmanship of art in this digital manufacturing process. To concrete this, this paper consists of the following steps. First, reproduction and mixture in a Film. In art history which have emphasized 'Aura' of an, Reproduction by machine became that can not avoid. Various pictorial information and added images stored by digital become having an opportunity that can do easily a new film-work with reproduction and mixture It is the second rank, extension of an area of Digital Animation. Now, Digital Animation is recognized as a new creative art through illusion of meta-realism. Consequently, the process of Digital Animation is acquiringing the possibility as a new art of Digital Animation, showing the characteristics of a new media art that reconstructs imagination which past media arts could not achieve.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.223-226
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• 2006

It can formulate a basic concept to the study on styles of drawing on animation which is influenced by styles of drawing on comic. Especially the transferability of comic and eel animation have high possibility because they have common part as drawing, continuity of imagery and narrative, in spit of the differentiation with comic for spatial and animation for temporal. So the study on comic drawing styles are inevitable check point for investigating it's animation. To analyse of the style of animation drawing, can be employed the styles of comic drawing. For a case study, comic authors and their works is utilized for establishing basic concept of transferring comic to animation with the influence of drawing styles to animation and than it will apply to classify and analyse animation by them. The consequence of this study, it can be sorted in the three areas that are the cheerful comic, the drama, the boy-meets-girl comic. and can be proved that the close relationship of comic and animation. Among three aspects, a boy-meets-girl comic can not be detected in any selected animations. The presumption of this result that can be apply to the general idea which is a rare case to use in animation. Also to use partly cheerful comic to drama style as different drawing styles is for elucidating the effect of intending isolation with the play theory of Bertolt Brecht and empathizing dramatical situation through the disparity of emotion. This study is to investigate on the influence of the drawing style of comics in animation, and can provide the basic ideas of inter-relation of media through drawing styles study with the concept of hybrid.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.328-333
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• 2003

This paper did to do with 18 muscle pairs that do fetters in anatomy that influence in facial expression change and mix motion of muscle for face facial animation. After set and change mash and make standard model in individual's image, did mapping to mash using individual facial front side and side image to raise truth stuff. Muscle model who become motive power that can do animation used facial expression creation correcting Waters' muscle model. Created deformed face that texture is dressed using these method. Also, 6 facial expression that Ekman proposes did animation.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.9
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• pp.94-111
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• 2005

Sight is one of the Important physical function of understand and express everyday life or artistic worts. 80% of the whole cognitive information on things and spaces comes from sight among man's five sense. This proves that the function of sight has much influence upon senses and perceptions, and such influence evokes a varier of emotional response. Emotion is an important element in framing an animation work, and need various equipment to evoke audience's impressions. Such elements as event, circumstance, time, and space are equipments for the emotional experience of audience.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.789-792
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• 2002

컴퓨터 기술의 발달에 따라서 최근 애니메이션이 학계나 산업계의 주목을 받고 있다. 결코 예술로서는 존중받고 있지 않으나 늘 가까이 두는 기호 식품처럼 애니메이션은 예술성이나 문화성과는 별개로 자연스럽게 두터운 매니아 계층을 확보하고 있다. 이러한 환경아래서 애니메이션과 웹과의 결합은 앞으로 영상매체나, 영화, 광고, 텔레비젼 등의 시장을 쉽게 석권하리라고 생각된다. 이러한 애니메이션 필요성에 따라서 국내에서도 이와 관련된 학과들이 수없이 많이 생겨나고 있으나 애니메이션 제작에 대한 디지털 컨텐츠가 매우 부족해서 수 작업이나 과거 만화 애니메이션 형태에 국한하고 있는 곳이 대부분이다. 본 논문은 이러한 점에 착안해서 애니메이션에 가장 기본적인 동작인 "다양한 동물의 움직임", "인물표현과 동작", "자연현상", 등의 원시자료와 기본이미지, 애니메이션 과정 등을 수록한 디지털 애니메이션 모델을 선계하고 구현하였다.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.30
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• pp.59-86
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• 2013

'Spectacles' and 'factuality' provided by computer technology are strengths of CG animation to still lure the audience and after commercial success of a number of theatrical CG animations whose typical producing companies are PIXAR and DreamWorks, were produced to be commercially successful and they win massive popularity even now. In Korea as well, several works tried to achieve a box office success including , , etc. but the result was truly miserable. In the past, this failure was often attributed to a lack of 'technical expertise', but it became clear that in the process of continuous trial and error, 'narrative' and 'images of imagination' which are bases and characteristics of animation are key elements of commercial success. Actually, statistics indicate that narrative is what is considered to be the most important by the audience when they select animation and its importance is so absolute that they say the most significant thing in animation is 'story.' In particular, it can be said that 'characters', 'situations', and 'ideas' play a key role in them which become elements of the story. This paper studied with what characteristics each animation aroused pleasure and fun focused on characters, situations and images in relation to , , and which are American theatrical CG animation films which succeeded in gaining popularity home and abroad. We hope that analysis in this paper will be helpful even just a little bit as a reference material, which allows domestic writers and producers to develop familiar and characteristic works based on imagination and creativity expressing each work's unique personality and characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.193-198
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• 2018

Applying VR technology to animation areas is emerging as a trend of recent years. So if you use this VR technology in traditional ink animation, 2D art piece is expected to be equipped with a new narrative style and visual and auditory language, making it a new animation genre. There's a lot of technical difficulties in putting the existing 2D ink image on a 360 degree display. VR ink animation has been created that gives depth to VR space by using layer extraction method based on depth of distance and placing layers extracted on curved surface that is aligned with depth in 360-degree space in the image of ink painting, which is the background of traditional ink animation. In the text, we took an overview on problems generated in extracting layers of distant view, close-range view and middle distant view from the existing image of ink painting and made suggestions of an effective way to approach them.