• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1577-1585
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• 2022

As the interest in the 4th industrial revolution and metaverse increases, metaverse with multi edge structure is proposed and noted. Metaverse is a structure that can create digital doctor-like system through a large amount of image processing and data transmission in a multi edge system. Since metaverse application requires calculating performance, which can reconstruct 3-D space, edge hardware's insufficient calculating performance has been a problem. To provide streamable AI software in runtime, image processing, and data transmission, which is edge's loads, needs to be lightweight. Also lightweight at the edge leads to power consumption reduction of the entire metaverse application system. In this paper, we propose collaborative edge-cloud image processing with remote image processing method and Region of Interest (ROI) to overcome edge's power performance and build streamable and runtime executable AI software. The proposed structure was implemented using a PC and an embedded board, and the reduction of time, power, and network communications were verified.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.454-454
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• 2021

하천 환경에 대한 최근의 사회적 관심은 하천횡단구조물에 대한 평가를 기존의 이□치수적 관점에서 환경□생태학적 관점으로 변화시키고 있다. 이는 자연하천(특히 충적하천)이 수공구조물에 가로막히면 일반적으로 유사, 식생 등의 하천 제반 환경에 부정적인 영향을 준다는 전제에서 댐에 대한 평가가 시작되는 것으로, 국내에서는 이러한 인식의 변화가 2010년대 이후 널리 퍼지면서 현재는 더 이상 신규 댐을 건설할 수 없게 되었다. 댐에 의한 수리 특성과 기후 변화 등으로 댐 하류하천의 유사, 식생, 생태변화는 최근 급격하게 진행되었지만, 정량적인 변화량 및 지표 도출에 대한 연구는 대부분 최근의 data를 반영하지 못하고 있어 관련 원인과 대책 제시에 다소 한계가 있다고 생각된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 낙동강 주요 지류 중 하나이며, 충적하천인 황강을 대상으로 가용한 data를 활용하여, 합천댐 건설 전□후의 유사, 식생변화로 대표되는 하천 환경변화를 정량적으로 분석하고, 변화 원인을 파악하고자 하였다. 유사환경의 변화 분석은 댐 건설 전부터 최근까지의 문헌들에서 조사□제시된 data를 이용하였다. 연도별 최심 및 평균하상고는 댐 건설 전과 비교해 1.0 m가량 감소하였는데, 댐에 의한 세류사 공급차단보다는 골재 채취 및 하도 정비 등이 지배적인 원인인 것으로 파악되었다. 유사 입경의 변화는 댐 건설 전 대비 조립화가 진행되어 모래비율이 감소하고 유사 입경(댐 직하류 약 2배)이 증가하였다. 이는 골재 채취 및 댐에 의한 세류사 차단에 기인한 것으로, 준설된 지역의 하상이 모래 대신 자갈로 대체되고 있기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 유사량의 경우 몇 번의 조사 과정이 있었으나, 기준이 명확하지 않아 정량적인 변화는 파악하기 어려웠다. 제외지의 식생 분포는 본 연구에서 개발한 이미지 처리 기법을 동원하여 분석하였으며, 대상은 합천댐 하류 중 모래 사주의 비율이 큰 곳을 선택(3지점)하였다. 분석 결과 2008~2011년 이전까지 큰 폭으로 사주가 식생 서식처로 변화(약 20%)되었으며, 이후 큰 변화 없이 안정화 된 경향을 보였다. 이는 2009~2011년 동안 식생이 활착되는 봄~초여름의 강우량 감소, 댐의 홍수조절 및 하상 조립화로 인한 다년생 식생의 활착되고 성장할 시간이 확보되면서 홍수 등 외부 변화에 대한 식생의 대응 능력이 증가했기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 합천댐이 황강 환경변화에 주는 영향은 분명하지만, 현재 상황은 기후 변화와 인위적인 골재채취도 주요 원인으로 판단되는 바, 향후 하천 환경 개선 계획 수립 시 이러한 변화 원인이 고려된 대책이 수립되어야 할 것이다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.5B
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• pp.519-524
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• 2010

This study was carried out to select suitable plants for beach revegetation as a preliminary study for quantifying the effect of decreasing sand movement. After planting some herbal plants in field, monitoring of temporal change of vegetation coverage which was index of the growth rate was conducted. Through literature reviews, 24 candidate plants for beach revegetation were selected, then seven species of them, Peucedanum japonicum Thunb., Dianthus japonicus Thunb. ex Murray, Sedum oryzifolium Makino, Sedum takesimense Nakai, Sedum spectabile Boreau, Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitam., Aster sphathulifolius Maxim. were picked through salinity tolerance experiments in laboratory. Seven species selected by salinity tolerance experiments and two additional herbal plants, Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina Nakai and Linaria vulgaris Mill., not the candidates, were nine final species which were planted in the beach around Osan port, Uljin, Korea. The changes of vegetation coverage of each species were investigated from photos periodically taken for about a year using image processing methods. As a result of the monitoring, Sedum takesimensei, Dianthus japonicus and Aster sphathulifolius were observed with high coverages during the whole monitoring while Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina and Linaria vulgaris were observed with low coverage during the same period. Consequently, Sedum takesimensei, Dianthus japonicus and Aster sphathulifolius were concluded as the most suitable plants for beach revegetation. Furthur study to quantify the effects of decreasing sand movement by the selected species is needed.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.28-35
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• 2024

Corrosion inside electronic packages significantly impacts the system performance and reliability, necessitating non-destructive diagnostic techniques for system health management. This study aims to present a non-destructive method for assessing corrosion in copper interconnects using the Smith chart, a tool that integrates the magnitude and phase of complex impedance for visualization. For the experiment, specimens simulating copper transmission lines were subjected to temperature and humidity cycles according to the MIL-STD-810G standard to induce corrosion. The corrosion level of the specimen was quantitatively assessed and labeled based on color changes in the R channel. S-parameters and Smith charts with progressing corrosion stages showed unique patterns corresponding to five levels of corrosion, confirming the effectiveness of the Smith chart as a tool for corrosion assessment. Furthermore, by employing data augmentation, 4,444 Smith charts representing various corrosion levels were obtained, and artificial intelligence models were trained to output the corrosion stages of copper interconnects based on the input Smith charts. Among image classification-specialized CNN and Transformer models, the ConvNeXt model achieved the highest diagnostic performance with an accuracy of 89.4%. When diagnosing the corrosion using the Smith chart, it is possible to perform a non-destructive evaluation using electronic signals. Additionally, by integrating and visualizing signal magnitude and phase information, it is expected to perform an intuitive and noise-robust diagnosis.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.99-114
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• 2019

In this study we examined the preferences of eight college living factors for students at Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries(KNCAF). Analytical techniques of unstructured data used opinion mining and text mining techniques, and the analysis results of text mining were visualized as word cloud. The college life factors included eight topics that were closely related to students: 'my present', 'my 10 years later', 'friendship', 'college festival', 'student restaurant', 'college dormitory', 'KNCAF', and 'long-term field practice'. In the text submitted by the students, we have established a dictionary of positive words and negative words to evaluate the preference by classifying the emotions of positive and negative. As a result, KNCAF students showed more than 85% positive emotions about the theme of 'student restaurant' and 'friendship'. But students' positive feelings about 'long-term field practice' and 'college dormitory' showed the lowest satisfaction rate of not exceeding 60%. The rest of the topics showed satisfaction of 69.3~74.2%. The gender differences showed that the positive emotions of male students were high in the topics of 'my present', 'my 10 years later', 'friendship', 'college dormitory' and 'long-term field practice'. And those of female were high in 'college festival', 'student restaurant' and 'KNCAF'. In addition, using text mining technique, the main words of positive and negative words were extracted, and word cloud was created to visualize the results.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.461-470
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• 2019

This study was carried out to quantify the drought stress in grafted watermelon seedlings non-destructively by using chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) imaging technique rather than the visual judgment. Six-day old watermelon seedlings were grown under uniform irrigation for 3 days, and then given drought stress. Afterward, the sensor for the measurement of water content in plug tray cell unit was used to classify the drought-stress level into nine groups from D1 (53.0%, sufficient moisture state) to D9 (15.7%, extremely dry stress), and the 16 CF parameters were measured. In addition, re-irrigation was performed on the drought stressed seedlings(D5 - D9) to determine the growth and photosynthesis recovery level, which was not confirmed by visual judgment. The kinetic curve patterns of CF in three different drought stressed seedling groups were found to be different for the early detection of drought stress. All the 16 CF parameters decreased continuously with exposure to drought stress and drastically decreased from D5 (32.1%) where the visual judgment was possible. The fluorescence decline ratio (Rfd_Lss) started to decrease from the initial drought stress level (D5 - D6), and the Maximum PSII quantum yield (Fv/Fm) was significantly decreased in the later extreme drought stress range (D7 - D9) by re-irrigation recovery test. Thus, Rfd_Lss and Fv/Fm parameters were finally selected as potent indicators of growth and photosynthesis recovery in the initial and later stages of drought stress. Also, to the differences in the numerical values of the individual chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, the drought stress level was intuitively confirmed through the image. These results indicate that Rfd and Fv/Fm can be considered as potential CF parameters for the detection of low and extremely high drought stress, respectively. Furthermore, Fv/Fm can be considered as the best CF parameters for recovery at re-irrigation.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.145-159
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• 2021

is a contemporary experimental film that forms ambiguity in the narrative and the psychological motivation of the characters, destroys linear temporality, and reminds of manipulation possibilities in digital images through varied techniques, and it carries implication by the fact that the transformation process of human subjects and self-awareness are connected to social trauma and makes way to infer by comparing it to the historical contexts of other nations or societies. centers on the space outside the screen, absent space, and the intrinsic meaning within the space and the frame and shares the information in the visible space and the space outside the screen and arouses an active perceptual process so that the audience can deduce the information that is not presented. The film visualized the historical meaning without describing the background of the times in detail and aimed to express the conflicts and worries between the god, a transcendental existence, with humans, which are marginal beings, within the conflicting structure among humans. Moreover, attempted to resolve the sadness of loss and absence through the spatial aesthetics and the film presented the progression of the situation through the contrast of the characters and also the comparison between light and darkness. This study intends to make an attempt of interpreting the realm involving personal (characters) stories and the social and historical backgrounds together with the religious sphere and discuss the visualization of the semantic context. In addition, this study analyzed the sequence of the scenes in , which reconstructs identity and historical cases and religious values to observe the meaning and characteristics and closely analyze the general meaning pursued by the film. discussed the issues of trauma that individuals, regions, and nations confront as a representation and interpretation of the trauma connoted in the film, and consideration can be provided about the implication concerning the situation and context in South Korea. Furthermore, the film placidly discusses the growth and agony in humans and the society without expressing it excessively, so it will be a valuable research result to inspire the trend of creating films that incorporate new imaging technology and original visualization techniques.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.558-569
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• 2020

This study examined the frequency of a broiler's stay in each area as stock density using an ICT-based image analysis technique from the perspective of precision livestock farming (PLF) according to the increase in the domestic broiler farms to understand the normal behavior patterns of broilers by age. The broiler was used in the experimental box (3.3×2.7 m) in a poultry house in Gyeonggi province. The stock densities were 9.5 birds/㎡ (n=85) and 19 birds/㎡ (n=170), respectively, and the frequency of stay by feeding, water, and rest area was monitored using a top-view camera. The image data of three-colored-specific broilers identified as the stock density were acquired by age (12, 16, 22, 27, and 29 days) for six hours. In the collected image data, the object tracking technique was used to record the cumulative movement path by connecting approximately 640,000 frames at 30 fps to quantify the frequency of stay in each area. In each stock density, it was significant in the order of the rest area, feeding, and water area (p<0.001). In 9.5 birds/㎡, it was at 57.9, 24.2, and 17.9 %, and 73.2, 16.8, and 10 % in 19 birds/㎡. The frequency of a broiler's stay could be evaluated in each area as the stock density using an ICT-based image analysis technique that minimizes stress. This method is expected to be used to provide basic material for developing an ICT-based management system through real-time monitoring.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.139-152
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• 2013

Although a series of studies shows the fact that a company's reputation could affect its sales rate and stock price, due to the increased use of SNS, the research related to the online measurement method for the corporate reputation has been relatively insufficient. This study explores a design for a method to quantify the corporate reputation value by reconstructing the discussions in literature review. Concretely, this study divides the corporate reputation value into the corporate identity information and the corporate awareness information, which includes the following five sub-categories: (1) the quality of product and service; (2) the employment environment; (3) the corporate vision; (4) the social responsibility; and (5) the business achievement. Additionally, for the corporate identity assessment, this study considers the following six factors: (1) Agreeableness (Goodness), (2)Capability (Ability), (3)Enterprise (Rise), (4)Chic (Class), (5) Ruthlessness (Authority), and (6)Informality. Based on these categories and factors, this study develops a technique quantifying the corporate reputation value by selecting 'word items' for the reputation search, and after conducting a frequency analysis in a survey. Also, to verify the result, this study exemplifies the reputation of three SI companies in Korea which could be utilized by using the commercialized reputation service. This study firstly attempts the corporate reputation measurement by classifying the identity and the awareness (corporate image and communication) upon a company in detail and enables its real applicabilities by proposing a formula to measure the reputation scores which can be utilized by verified word items from a frequency analysis.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2018

The virtual reality (VR) cartoon is a format of VR contents that leverage the characteristics of webtoons that provides the simple story line and graphical storytelling tools to strategically surmount limitations of VR contents design. The VR cartoon enables people to experience the imaginary three-dimensional space in the webtoon as a real space by the transformation of webtoon contents through VR prototyping. The VR cartoon successfully presents focused environment where people can readily pay attention to the contents without notable motion sickness. People have been familiar with the storytelling strategy in the context of published cartoons and webtoons, likely we've understood the narrative of a movie through the continuous scenes projected in the screen. Indeed, it has been recognized as a popular toolset of communication, where visual images are sequentially delivered by replacing multiple planar spaces to tell a story narrative. While there are discrete panels with the time and space resolution in the graphical cartoons, people can distill a commit closure based on their past experiences. This is a typical "grammar" of the cartoon, which can be extrapolated to the VR cartoon that provides a seminal storytelling strategy. In this article, we review how the storytelling strategy in webtoons has been transformed into that in VR cartoons, and analyze the key components of VR cartoons. We envision that our research can potentially create keystones to produce variety of new VR contents by reflecting various narrative media including cartoon as a 'sequential art'.