• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.55-58
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• 2004

이두박건 활차의 역할은 견관절 운동 시 이두박건 장두에 가해지는 전상방 전단응력을 막아주며, 관절내에서 이두박건의 운동을 인도해줌으로써, 이두박건 장두의 관절내 유효거리를 유지해 주게 된다. 견관절의 외전 및 외회전 운동시 이두박건 장두의 내측으로 가해지는 응력은 이두박건 활차 및 견갑하건의 손상과 함께 이두박건 장두의 내측 탈구를 유발할 수 있으며, 회전건개 파열과 동반될 경우 증상을 더욱 악화시킬 수 있으므로 진단 및 치료에 주의를 요한다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.90-93
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• 2004

이두 근 활차의 역할은 견관절 운동 시 이두 근 장두에 가해지는 전상방 전단응력을 막아주며, 관절 내에서 이두 근의 운동을 인도해줌으로써, 이두 근 장두의 관절 내 유효거리를 유지해 주게 된다. 견관절의 외전 및 외회전 운동시 이두 근 장두의 내측으로 가해지는 응력은 이두 근 활차 및 견갑하건의 손상과 함께 이두 근 장두의 내측 탈구를 유발할 수 있으며. 회전근 개 파열과 동반될 경우 증상을 더욱 악화시킬 수 있으므로 진단 및 치료에 주의를 요한다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2004

상완 이두 건 부분 파열은 관절경 검사를 시행하지 않는 한 진단이 매우 어렵다. 이학적 검사는 대체적으로 비특이적이나 이두 구 근처에서 압통의 유무를 확인하는 것이 중요하며 이두 구에 마취제 국소 주사가 진단에 도움이 될 수 있다. 치료로는 보존적 치료를 중요시하여야 하나 지속적인 동통이 존재할 경우에는 동통으로 인한 일상생활의 제한 및 견관절 기능의 소실을 고려하여 적극적인 수술적 치료가 요할 것으로 사료되며. 특히 고령의 경우 이두 구 근처에서의 상완 이두 건 부분 파열은 건 유리술이 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2010

Purpose: To evaluate pathologic patterns and outcomes of treatment of a biceps tendon lesion associated with a rotator cuff tear. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 92 patients (i) who underwent surgery for a cuff tear, (ii) for whom the biceps lesion could be observed retrospectively, and (iii) had a minimum follow-up of 2 years. The pathology of biceps tendon was classified into 4 types: tenosynovitis, fraying or hypertrophy, tear, and instability. All but the 4 with massive cuff tears were repaired. The biceps lesions were treated with debridement in 30, tenotomy in 10, tenodesis in 8, and recentering in 4. UCLA scoring was used for clinical results. Results: Seventy patients had a biceps lesion, 19 tenosynovitis, 22 fraying or hypertrophy, 21 a tear, and 8 instability. A biceps lesion was observed in 63% of cases of cuff tears below the medium size, and in 88% of cases with cuff tears above the large size. UCLA scores according to the pathology of the biceps lesion were 29.6 in the absence of a biceps lesion, and 28.3 in its presence. UCLA scores in patients with tenotomy or tenodesis for associated biceps tendon lesions were 28.2. Conclusion: There is a greater incidence and severity of a biceps lesion with a larger cuff tear. Therefore, the cause of a biceps lesion might be related to the cause of the cuff tear. Among the several options of treatment for biceps lesion, tenotomy or tenodesis may be particularly effective in providing pain relief.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2015

Lesion of long head of biceps tendon is one of the causes making an anterior shoulder pain. According to the anthropometric study of the bicipital groove the meanings of the width, depth and the medial wall angle were suggested. Confirming the images and location of the long head of biceps tendon itself would be helpful in diagnosis.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2013

Lesions of the long head biceps tendon pulley are frequent causes of shoulder dysfunction and pain. These lesions cause instability of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHB), and intra-articular tear of the subscapularis and the supraspinatus tendon might result from them. The arthroscopic repair of these lesions has not gained widespread acceptance as an effective procedure. Predictable results can be obtained by treating these lesions more definitively with tenotomy or tenodesis. The purpose of this article is to review the anatomy and properties of the LHB pulley and to provide treatment strategies for alleviating pulley lesions.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2003

We evaluated biceps pulley as a stabilizing sling for the long head of biceps tendon in the rotator interval. We present 3 cases of detached biceps pulley which impinges on posterosuperior glenoid labrum in the position of late cocking. Pulley impingement related to anterior shoulder instability was relieved after Bankart repair. In another two cases, impingement symptoms were disappeared after resection of the detached biceps pulley.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2002

Purpose : The role of biceps pulley is stabilizing sling for the long head of the biceps tendon against anterior shearing stress in the rotator interval. The purpose of this study was to classify arthroscopic findings of biceps pulley and to evaluate the relationship with shoulder pathology. Materials and Methods : From January 2002 through July 2002, we observed biceps pulley in 49 cases of shoulder pathology treated with arthroscopically. There were 22 cases of anterior instability, 12 cases of rotator cuff tear, 5 of impingement syndrome, 6 of frozen shoulder, 2 of superior labral injury and 1 of each scapulothoracic bursitis and biceps dislocation. We classified biceps pulley as four types according to the arthroscopic appearance. Type I its stretched type. type II as sling type, type III at detached sling type, and type IV as concealed type. Results : We observed stretched type in 24 cases $(49\%)$, sling type in 5 cases $(10\%)$, detached sling type in 2 cases, concealed type in 1 case, and unidentified cases in 17 cases $(35\%)$. Conclusion : Development and variation of biceps pulley may have symptomatic correlation according to the degree of shoulder motion or pathologic status.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2009

Purpose: To report the clinical results of patients treated for a rupture of the distal tendon of biceps brachii Materials and Methods: Between February 1987 and March 2004, we treated 16 patients with a rupture of the distal tendon of biceps brachii. 9 of 16 patients underwent surgical treatment. All cases were male, median age was 26.3(range, 16-48) years. The mean interval between injury and surgery was 4.7 days (range, 1~36 days). Operative correction was performed anatomically, using the two-incision technique(3 cases) or one-incision technique(6 cases). Clinical outcomes were evaluated one year after operation by assessing the review about the physical examination finding and radiologic findings with surgical findings, range of motion, muscle strength, subjective satisfaction, activity and return to previous occupation. and via telephone interview in cases of conservative treatment. Results: In cases of surgical treatment, 85.8%, 86.3% of flexion-extension and supination-pronation motion than healthy side were measured respectively. 75% of flexion power than healthy side was measured. Eight of nine(89%) were very satisfied. Eightl of nine returned to original job. In cases of conservative treatment, 65% of flexion power than pre-injury state was reported. Four of seven were satisfied, two were dissatisfied, one was very dissatisfied. Three of seven returned to original job. Conclusion: Early anatomic reconstruction can restore more strength and endurance for supination and flexion range and power. Conservative management may be considered for partial injuries, but operative repair must be considered in complete rupture, athletes, patient with high activity.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.170-177
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• 1999

The electromyographic activity of four muscles(biceps, supraspinatus, infraspinatus and subscapularis) was mea­sured from non-dominant shoulders of 12 volunteers by six different provocative test for the biceps pathology. The provocative tests were Speed, Yergason, Ludington, Heuter, O'Brien and the abduction-extension test. Each test was performed in a force of 30% of maximal voluntary contraction. The levels of activity of the biceps were higher than those of the other rotator cuff muscles only in Speed's test: 28% in the biceps, 26% in the infraspinatus, 25% in the supraspinatus and 21 % in the subscapularis. The levels of activity of the biceps as a percent of MMT(maximal manual test) were higher in Speed's(42%) and O'Brien's test with the arm supinatecl(42%). Speed's test can isolate the activity of biceps better than the other tests but it is a nonspecific test by which the biceps tendon was also activated within other rotator cuff muscles.