• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.344-350
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• 2011

In this study, LVLs of radiata pine were fabricated with non-preservative treated veneers, CuAz treated veneers, and ACQ treated veneers, using aqueous vinyl urethane adhesive and phenol modified resorcinol resin adhesive. Then density gradient, bonding strength, bending properties and decay resistance of LVLs were evaluated. As results, the cone-shaped and higher density gradient pattern was found in layer close to glueline. After cyclic water boiled test, the LVL bonded with aqueous vinyl urethane resin adhesive was delaminated in all layers or partly delaminated including check, chasm in glueline layer. In the case of LVL bonded with phenol modified resorcinol resin adhesive, despite slight cupping due to great glueline stress and vertical check between glueline layers, it was observed that the bonding strength to delamination was higher, owing to most absence of delamination through overall glueline. On the other hand, in the decay test, mass loss by brown rot fungi was greater than white rot fungi in LVL bonded with aqueous vinyl urethane resin adhesive. However, in LVL bonded with phenol modified resorcinol resin adhesive, the mass loss by brown rot fungi was slight and non-preservative treated LVL was low. The mass loss of preservative-treated LVL was 0 (zero), showing the high decay resistance effect.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.77-87
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• 2014

It has reported that a median bus-stop island on an exclusive median bus lane (EMBL) has shortened a crossing distance unit, encouraged a pedestrian's illegal crossing, and increased the number of accidents in the area. This study presents (1) the analysis of inappropriate pedestrian crossing patterns collected on exclusive median bus corridors and (2) the estimated performance of safety barriers restraining the occurrence of those. Total 19,649 pedestrian crossing data collected at the 'Sookmyung-university' median bus-stop, and the inappropriate pedestrian crossing patterns among those were grouped in terms of time and space violations. Physical safety barriers restraining illegal pedestrian crossings were considered as an alternative, and its performance in safety was quantified through microscopic simulation with conflict analyses by using surrogate safety assessment model. The findings suggest the number of conflicts reduced be 24.9 percentages compared to the one of the present condition when the physical safety barriers are placed at each of the eight ends of the EMBL pedestrian crossing.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 2000

Objectives : Alopecia areata has been known to be closely related to stress. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between stress and alopecia areata investigating how life events(which alopecia areata patients experience), amount of stress, coping strategy, and their personality type affect the oneset and aggravation of the disease. Methods : The subjects were 43 alopecia areata patients who visited the department of dermatology outpatients clinic, and 36 fungal infection diseases patients as the control group. They all completed Scale of Life Events, Coping Style Cheklist, Eysenck A-type Personality Inventory. The analysis of covariance with the age as covariate was carried out. Results : Compared to the control group, alopecia areata patients had significantly more stressful life events, and higher amount of stress, but there was no significant difference in coping strategy. Type A Personality is also resulted to have no significant relationship to alopecia areata. Conclusions : Alopecia areata patients had significantly higher amount of stress than the control group, and this result is consistent with the previous studies which suggest that stress contributes to the oneset of alopecia areata. The causual relationship between stress and alopecia areata should be further examined in order to be applied in clinical setting.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.519-533
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• 2003

The U.S. Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) resulted in the conversion of approximately 14.8 million ha(36.5 million acres) of cropland to grassland, woodland, and other conservation uses throughout the U.S. between 1986 and 1992. One of the major results of CRP has been the addition of millions of hectares of potential wildlife habitat. primarily as grassland. In this study, we examined regional changes in landscape structure caused by the introduction of CRP. Utilizing multi-seasonal Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, we produced maps of cropland and grassland for the pre- and post- CRP enrollment periods for a six-county region in southwest Kansas. We then applied post-classification differencing to identify regions of cropland that had been converted to CRP. Using the FRAGSTATS spatial pattern analysis program, we calculated a variety of spatial statistics to analyze changes in landscape structure due to CRP. The major impact of CRP in the six-county study area has been the reversal of an overall trend of grassland habitat fragmentation. From the standpoint of potential wildlife habitat, the introduction of CRP has greatly increased the number of patches, mean patch size, and the interior or core area of grassland patches. In addition, CRP has increased connectivity and aggregation between grassland patches, potentially important factors for species of conservation interest, particularly those that require larger expanses of unbroken habitat. Finally, the distance between neighboring patches of grassland has decreased, reducing travel distance between patches. Clearly, the introduction of CRP has substantially modified the spatial structure of the southwest Kansas landscape, with important implications for wildlife habitat.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.203-217
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• 2007

In this paper, a performance evaluation model of Networks with the multiple-buffered crossbar switches is proposed and examined. Buffered switch technique is well known to solve the data collision problem of the switch networks. The characteristic of a network with crossbar switches is determined by both the connection pattern of the switches and the limitation of data flow in a each switch. In this thesis, the evaluation models of three different networks : Multistage interconnection network, Fat-tree network, and other ordinary communication network are developed. The proposed evaluation model is developed by investigating the transfer patterns of data packets in a switch with output-buffers. Two important parameters of the network performance, throughput and delay, are evaluated. The proposed model takes simple and primitive switch networks, i.e., no flow control and drop packet, to demonstrate analysis procedures clearly. It, however, can not only be applied to any other complicate modern switch networks that have intelligent flow control but also estimate the performance of any size networks with multiple-buffered switches. To validate the proposed analysis model, the simulation is carried out on the various sizes of networks that uses the multiple buffered crossbar switches. It is shown that both the analysis and the simulation results match closely. It is also observed that the increasing rate of Normalized Throughput is reduced and the Network Delay is getting bigger as the buffer size increased.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.136-145
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• 2007

Redevelopment about land that nature green tract of land and dilapidated city equipment including greenbelt make a strong resolution in city with change of town planning area according to growth of city is consisting. Formation of city of these phenomenon is old and personality of city changes rapidly, the speed becomes fast. Phenomenon that Busan moves to neighborhood area as convenience of traffic of industrial facilities that was on spearhead of economic growth move to outer wall of city and port facilities is deterioration, as becoming decline Tuesday industry form of city in the second industry the third phenomenon that alter by the 4th happen and case of residential area old residential area of inland area change for the worse of habit be and impulse to steal is augmented in the 1970, 80 is appearing. Hereupon the result inland area which analyzes the change with the use area compared to the area where it is coming in contact to the coast the diffusion of the residential area or the business park appears area, the factory back of nine cities acts Gangseo-gu or Gijang-gun of the industry area this with the fact that it changes.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.398-415
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to grasp levels of cost burden in pollution treatment by measuring efficiencies and shadow prices by pollutants in Korean cities. The efficiencies and shadow prices of pollutants will be compared for cities divided by Seoul metropolitan area and non-Seoul metropolitan area. Annual shadow prices of NOx, SOx, and PM10 emissions in the cities of Seoul metropolitan area are 0.846, 0.318, 0.816, respectively for 1999-2005. The annual shadow prices in the cities of Non-Seoul metropolitan area are 0.848, 0.272, and 0.789, respectively over the same periods. The shadow prices of SOx showed similar levels between two areas but those of NOx and PM10 of cities in Seoul metropolitan area were higher. NOx emission quantities of both areas have similar increasing patterns because the NOx has mainly increased with augmentation of transportation regardless of Seoul metropolitan and non-Seoul metropolitan areas. It seems that the reason the shadow prices of two pollutants for the cities of Seoul metropolitan area are higher, is because environmental regulation is stronger in the cities of Seoul metropolitan area, the cities of Seoul metropolitan relatively show higher quantities of pollution reduction under given desirable outputs, and generally have industrial sectors with small pollution emission. In the future we need to reduce pollutants in the various respects such as adjustment of overall industry structure, energy consumption pattern, and reviews of arrangement of living space for the cities located on the downward-sloping segment of production frontier.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.205-213
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• 2013

Forest fires disturb communities of forest-dwelling insects by killing or dispersal. Species diversity, species composition, and functional guilds of ant communities will be changed following forest fires. A survey of ants was conducted to find changes in ant communities after a large fire occurred in Goseong within Gwangwon province in South Korea in 1996. In total, 1,308 ants representing 16 species were collected; 696 ants representing 15 species were collected at the burned site, and 612 ants representing 13 species were collected at the unburned site. Contrary to the general expectation which predicts a decrease of diversity and abundance after fire, abundance, species diversity, species composition, and functional guilds of ant communities did not differ between the burned site and the unburned site. Furthermore, estimated species richness was significantly higher at the burned site than at the unburned site. However, monthly occurrences of ants (abundant species and pooled) were different between the burned site and the unburned site. Ants were more abundant at the burned sites than the unburned site just after the fire (May 1996). However, they were more abundant at the unburned site than the burned site in autumn (September and October 1996). This phenomenon might be caused by environmental change (e.g., decrease of soil moisture). In conclusion, the fire did not significantly change ant fauna, as fire in spring cannot destroy ant colonies that are wintering in deep soils.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.94-105
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• 2020

Recently, most studies of 3D printing in construction have focused on the development of 3D printers and materials suitable for construction 3D printers. In comparison, there has been little research on design support tools that enable representative BIM data of building modeling tools to be applied to 3D printing. In addition, existing 3D printing slicing programs are commercialized around manufacturing, showing that they are unsuitable for construction 3D printing. Therefore, this research aims to develop a design support tool for 3D printing for buildings. The developed design support tool was validated based on arbitrary BIM data. Verification showed that wall pattern generation was modeled accurately without errors, and a calculation of the construction period showed that the formula presented in this study was valid. Furthermore, the maximum length of the mesh split was set to 100mm to minimize errors when converting to STL files.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.1597-1609
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• 2004

A lot of lipreading system has been proposed to compensate the rate of speech recognition dropped in a noisy environment. Previous lipreading systems work on some specific conditions such as artificial lighting and predefined background color. In this paper, we propose a real-time lipreading system which allows the motion of a speaker and relaxes the restriction on the condition for color and lighting. The proposed system extracts face and lip region from input video sequence captured with a common PC camera and essential visual information in real-time. It recognizes utterance words by using the visual information in real-time. It uses the hue histogram model to extract face and lip region. It uses mean shift algorithm to track the face of a moving speaker. It uses PCA(Principal Component Analysis) to extract the visual information for learning and testing. Also, it uses HMM(Hidden Markov Model) as a recognition algorithm. The experimental results show that our system could get the recognition rate of 90% in case of speaker dependent lipreading and increase the rate of speech recognition up to 40～85% according to the noise level when it is combined with audio speech recognition.