• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.408-419
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• 2016

To investigate the in-situ sound velocity of sediment in the southwestern part of the East Sea, the laboratory sound velocity was measured using the pulse transmission technique. The sediment sound velocity measured in laboratory was corrected to in-situ sound velocity based on the seafloor temperature, seawater sound velocity, Kim et al. (2004) model, and Hamilton (1980) model. The distribution of the corrected in-situ sound velocity applying Kim et al. (2004) and Hamilton (1980) models reflects the characteristics of sediments of the study area and shows a similar distribution pattern. The correction for in-situ sound velocity was mostly influenced by seafloor temperature. Then, correction of sound velocity using seafloor sediment temperature data should be accomplished for conversion of laboratory data to in-situ sound velocity.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

Sound propagation in shallow water changes from spherical spreading to cylindrical spreading, depending on boundary conditions, and this point is defined as a transition point of the sound propagation condition. Theoretically, the transition point can be estimated using the transmission loss as a function of source-receiver range. In this paper, the transmission loss curve in a Pekeris waveguide is predicted using a parabolic-equation based acoustic propagation model and using this transmission loss curve, the range from the source of the transition point is estimated, which is compared to the critical distance calculated using the sound speed ratio of water to sediment. In addition, the effects of the sound speed profile and source depth change on the transition point are investigated. Finally, the transition point is estimated using the transmission loss data measured during the period of the SAVEX15 (Shallow Water Acoustic Variability EXperiment 2015) conducted 65 km southwest of Jeju Island in May 2015, and it is compared to the ocean environmental parameters to understand the properties of sound propagation in the experimental area.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1992.06a
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• pp.131-134
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• 1992

해양에서 자연적으로 형성된 기포 또는 기포집단의 그 자체의 공진특성에 의해, 해중에서 사용하는 음파의 전달과정에 여러 가지 영향을 미칠 수 있음이 제기되어 왔다. 본 실험은 기포집단이 수중에서 음파의 전달과정에 어떤 영향을 주는가를 알아보기 위한 것으로, 수중에 수직형태의 판형기포 집단을 발생시켜 1 kHz ~ 100 kHz의 주파수를 가지는 음파를 각각 투과시킴으로써 주파수별 음파전달손실을 측정하였다. 측정결과, 개개 기포의 공진주파수 영역에서 투과손실이 최대가 됨을 알 수 있었고, 그 이하의 주파수영역에서는 기포판의 두께공진모드에 의한 변화가 관측되었으며, 공진주파수 이상의 고주파수영역에서는 주파수 증가에 따라 투과손실이 감소하는 현상을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.06e
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• pp.147-150
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• 1998

천해에서의 음파전달은 심해와 비교하여 복잡하고 경계면의 영향을 많이 받으며 서해에서 하계의 평균 수온자료로 잔향음을 계산한 결과 해저면 잔향음(reverberation)이 가장 우세한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 서해에서는 하계에 내부파에 의한 강한 수온약층의 생성이 관측되었으며, 이런 현상은 음파전달에 많은 영향을 줄 것으로 예측된다. 내부파를 조석에 의한 장주기와 단주기로 구분하여 적용한 결과 고주파 음원을 사용할 경우 장주기 내부파에 의한 수온약층의 수식변동에 따른 잔향음은 최대 13dB까지 차이가 났으며 단주기 내부파의 경우 수온약층의 하강한 경우 수온약층이 상승한 경우보다 근거리에서 전달손실 변화가 작았다.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1984.12a
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• pp.52-56
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• 1984

파동 이론에 의한 수중에서의 저주파 음파전달은 음향학적 경계 조건에 의해 결정되는 Normal Mode로 특징지어 진다. Normal Mode는 수층(Water Layer)뿐만 아니라 수직적으로 층상 구조인 해저 퇴적층(Subatrate)의 음향 특성을 포함하여 결정되는 파동 방정식의 해로서 이에 의해 수층 및 해저 퇴적층에서의 음압 분포와 감쇠를 계산할 수 있다. 본 논문은 저주파 음파 전달에 관한 Normal Mode 이론에 의하여 음원의 주파수와 해저 퇴적층에서의 음속 분포등에 따른 각 Mode의 음압 분포, 감쇠등에 관한 음향학적 해석으로 원거리까지 진행하는 수중 음파의 해저 퇴적층 투과 심도를 추출하였다.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.421-424
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• 2004

한국 동해시 연안역에서 2001년 6월, 2003년 5월 및 2004년 5월 해상실험 및 실시간 모니터링 부이 시스템을 통해 수집된 해양관측(수온, 유속)자료와 SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar)위성영상을 분석한 내부파의 물리적 특성을 정리하였다. 이를 토대로 음파전달 모델(RAM)을 통해 내부파에 의한 음파전달 영향을 파악하고, 음도파관 불변 이른(Waveguide invariant theory)을 적용하여 내부파에 의한 해양 변동성을 음향학적으로 정량화 하였다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2002

The sound wave in the sea propagates under the effect of water depth, sound velocity structure, sea surface and bottom roughness, and bottom sediment distribution. In particular the sound velocity structure in shallow water varies with time and space, an? the sediment distributes very variedly with place. In order to investigate the seasonal variation of low-frequency sound propagation in the Yellow Sea, the propagation experiments were conducted along the same track in the middle part of the Yellow Sea at various seasons of spring. summer, and autumn. In this paper we consider the measurement results on the propagation loss with the sound velocity structure, and investigate the seasonal variation of the propagation loss. As a result, the propagation losses measured in summer were larger than the losses in spring and autumn. And the propagation losses measured in autumn were smaller than the losses in spring. The seasonal change of the propagation loss increased with the rise of sound frequency and the propagation range.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.16-25
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• 1997

A new method to model the HRTF's(Head-Related Transfer Function), which could give improvement of the sound localization accuracy using the spatial effects by the reflected sound wave transfer characteristics, is proposed. When using the HRTF model having reflected sound wave transfer characteristics, the accuracy of sound localization was quite improved up to about 23%, compared with using the direct wave transfer characteristics only. Furthermore, it is verified that the spatial impression could be a factor to enhance the ability of sound localization.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.75-81
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• 2001

In this paper we analyzed the localization error of near-field detection algorithm in the sea. The near-field detection algorithms using triangulation and wavefront curvature basically assume a signal in two dimension of bearing and range. But the assumption causes localization error because there is three dimension of bearing, range, and depth in the sea. Even through three dimensional effect is considered, the localization error is occurred if multipath propagation in the sea is ignored. To analyze the localization error in the sea, we simulate the near-field localization using acoustic propagation model and focused beamforming considering wavefront curvature. The simulation results indicate that localization error always occurs in the sea and the error varied with sound velocity profile, water depth, bottom slope, source range, etc.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.297-303
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• 2021

When sound waves propagate over long distances in shallow water, measured transmission loss is greater than predicted one using underwater acoustic model with the Rayleigh reflection model due to inhomogeneity of the bottom. Accordingly, the US Navy predicts sound wave propagation by applying the empirical formula-based High Frequency Bottom Loss (HFBL) model. In this study, the measurement and analysis of transmission loss was conducted using mid-frequency (2.3 kHz, 3 kHz) in the shallow water of the East Sea in summer. BELLHOP eigenray tracing output shows that only sound waves with lower grazing angle than the critical angle propagate long distances for several kilometers or more, and the difference between the predicted transmission loss based on the Rayleigh reflection model and the measured transmission loss tend to increase along the propagation range. By comparing the Rayleigh reflection model and the HFBL model at the high grazing angle region, the bottom province, the input value of the HFBL model, is estimated and BELLHOP transmission loss with HFBL model is compared to measured transmission loss. As a result, it agrees well with the measurements of transmission loss.