• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.145
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• pp.351-380
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• 2018

In every society, citizens must decide how to punish criminals, uphold the virtue of justice, and preserve the security of the community. In doing so, the members of society must ask themselves how they will punish those who carry out the most abhorrent of crimes. Many common responses to such a question is that death is an acceptable punishment for the most severe crimes. But to draw some theoretical distinction between a crime that deserves incarceration and a crime that is so heinous that it deserves capital punishment is subject to three errors. First, what possible line could be drawn? To decide on a particular number of deaths or to employ any standard would be arbitrary. Second, the use of a line would trivialize and undermine the deaths of those whose murderers fell below the standard. Third, any and all executions still are unjust, as the State should not degrade the institution of justice and dehumanize an individual who, although he or she has no respect for other human life, is still a living person. Simply put, all murders are heinous, all are completely unacceptable, and deserve the greatest punishment of the land; however, death as punishment is inappropriate. Also, while this article arrives at the conclusion that the death penalty is an inappropriate form of punishment, I have not offered an acceptable alternative that would appease those who believe capital offenders deserve a punishment that differs in its quality and severity. This is a burden that, admittedly, I am unable to meet. I finally conclude that the death penalty is unjustified retribution. This is the only claim that can effectively shift the intellectual paradigms of the participants in the debate. The continued use of the death penalty in society can only be determined and influenced by the collective conscience of the members of that society. As stated at the outset of this article, it is this essentially moral conflict regarding what is just and degrading that forms the backdrop for the past changes in and the present operation of our system of imposing death as a punishment for crime.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.69-96
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• 2015

This study investigates the history of economics for answering how the discipline originating from a sub-discipline of moral philosophy ended up being an amoral science. I show that economic theory, at its first stage of development, has retained a place in which morality could play a role within liberalist framework, but has removed the very place as it developed into its current image. I argue that it is the Walrasian paradigm that completed this amoralizing process in economics. One theoretical assumption of complete contract in the Walrasian paradigm, creates the institutional environment where economic agents are free from any moral consideration. I show that if the assumption is relaxed, the problem of economic agents' morality should reappear in the stage. Accepting the assumption of incomplete contract opens a way to restore the room for economic agents' moral considerations in economic discourses. Finally I breifly survey the recent discussions on the role of sympathy in economics.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.673-698
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• 2012

In this study, we suggest the standards for future mathematics classroom from environment, teachers, and students aspects. Future mathematics classroom should have the three environmental standards that perform responsible roles and appropriate functions of physical resources and classroom space. In the teacher standards' domain, we presented as a total of eight kinds. Concretely, we proposed the four standards for improvement of mathematical teacher's instructional expertise and the four standards for improvement of abilities of learners. The students standards consist of 4 domain a such as 3 standards of mathematical investigation and problem solving, 3 standards of cooperation and communication, 1 standard of utilization and operation of mathematical technologies and learning support systems, 2 standard of digital ethics and citizenship. Also, we developed the mathematical convergence instruction model and reported the results of its application after the lessons conducted in the classroom equipped with advanced environmental and technologies. We presented the convergence instruction model and scenarios focused on thoughts and actions of teachers and students in the future mathematics classroom.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.49-76
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• 2022

This study is to illuminate the problem of shadows and evil appearing in contemporary events in the midst of a period of upheaval through Inferno of Divine Comedy. First, the concept of shadow and evil were briefly summarized in analytical psychology and discussed the importance of considering the concepts with the empirical aspect of relativity and ethics in the field of psychotherapy. The 14th century, the age of Dante, was the embryonic period of the Renaissance beyond the end of the Middle Ages. It was when Dante, who was writing Divine Comedy, had to take off his persona forcibly and live in exile. In a nutshell, it was a transition period for both the individual and the collective. The dark forest is a nigredo, darkness and chaos we face in this transition, but it can be a place of transformation and rebirth. The three beasts (leopard, lion, and she-wolf) encountered in the forest can be considered as the instinctual images that Dante ignored and alienated, which the medieval Christian world had suppressed and eliminated. Especially at the collective level, as destructive instincts, ferocious beasts roam throughout society when a crisis breaks dominant laws of values. The three beasts of Inferno appear as phenomena of shadows and evil. The aspect of leopard was explored Cerberus and Chiaco(pig) as a symbol of greed, and the lion, Farinata as the form of violent passion. The aspect of the she-wolf was examined as Geryon, a deceitful monster with a beast nature hidden behind goodness, the giants in the frozen lake of Cocytus, and Branca D'Oria, who betrayed and murdered the country and family. Inferno reveals the "state" of being trapped when one yields to the evil hidden within oneself and falls into prey.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.12-20
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• 2017

This study aims to suggest implications on develop and operate NCS curriculum by analyzing of differences in perception and educational needs of university students, graduates, human resource managers(HR managers) on NCS basic job skill. The respondents of survey are composed of 533 university students in K university, 730 graduates and 106 HR managers. The major findings are as follows: first, the results showed that the importances of all competencies recognized by HR managers was higher than those of university students and graduates. And graduates perceived their level of competencies as higher than those of university students. Second, the needs for self-development skill, technical skill, and problem-solving skill was the highest within the students and graduates, meanwhile, the needs for the mathematical skill, resource management skill, and the organization understanding skill were low. In contrast, the results of this study showed that the HR managers has the high needs for self-development skill, communication skill and problem-solving skill. Also, HR managers has the low needs for mathematical skill, resource management skill, information skill, technical skill, organizational understanding skill, and job ethics. Based on the above results, we proposed the necessity to develop and apply the NCS curriculum considering the education needs recognized by current students, graduates, and HR managers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.595-603
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• 2016

This study was conducted to identify and analyze the educational needs for key vocational competency in nursing students. The participants were 411 nurse students at five universities and the survey was conducted from June 1 to June 31, 2016. The data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 23.0 using descriptive statistics, a paired T-test, Borich's Needs Analysis, as well as the Locus for Focus Model. Based on the results, the subjects recognized the present level of 'professional ethics,' 'self development' and 'interpersonal skills' to be high and those of 'communication skills' and 'skills for understanding groups' to be low. 'Professional ethics,' 'self development,' 'problem solving skills' and 'communication skills' were the most important sub-elements of vocational competency. A significant difference in recognition levels between present and importance ere found in all components of vocational competency. The four priorities were analyzed based on Borich's needs value. In accordance with the Locus for Focus model, 'communication skills,' 'problem solving,' 'resource management skills' and 'self development' were identified as the highest priority sub-factors of vocational competency to nursing students. Based on the result of this study, it is expected to be used as the basic data to develop the nursing student's vocational curriculum and program.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.69-81
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• 2014

Herman $F{\ddot{u}}rst\;P{\ddot{u}}ckler-Muskau$ is one of important figures in German landscape architecture who designed both Muskau Park and Branitz Park and published garden book Andeutungen ${\ddot{u}}ber$ Landschaftgartenerei (Hints on Landscape Gardening) in 1834. He was a German nobleman who governed Muskau estates while working as both a writer and a landscape gardener. German landscape gardening was grounded on Romanticism, which was represented in diverse ways such as the reconciliation between man and nature, the liberation of reason, and the pursuit of liberty. The intellectuals came to have an interest on landscape gardening since the garden carried the cultural connotation such as the idealized epitome of nature. This study is to investigate how his idea of landscape gardening had been developed through his personal life and social background and to find out his landscape gardening theory and its unique gardening techniques. Finally, the inventive aspect of his garden theory and contemporary significances in practices were discussed. $P{\ddot{u}}cklers^{\prime}$ personal experience and social background provide us to understand the idea of garden. First, there was a mixture between reality and fantasy in his garden theory. It was due to the influence of Romanticism and literary garden. Second, his gardening mentality and technique were influenced by the late 18th century English garden practices, which emphasized the expressive aspects. Third, $P{\ddot{u}}cklers^{\prime}$ inner disposition and personal experience were represented in his garden design. Fourth, the intention of creating landscape garden for the local people might be a self realization of his contradictory characters between falling nobleman and liberal social leader. The significant value of $P{\ddot{u}}ckler^{\prime}s$ garden idea might be closely related in the dual nature of humanistic garden tradition and garden practice for social agenda. Therefore, his garden idea pursued of the comprehensive landscape strategies toward ideal communities and ethical spirits while concerning ecological, social, economic sustainable development of the region. Furthermore, his landscape gardening aims at the total landscape encompassing garden to region as well as the Gesamtkunst combing the beautiful with the useful. $P{\ddot{u}}ckler^{\prime}s$ holistic attitude gives us fresh insights and new directions to contemporary landscape theory and practice.

• Journal of Ethics
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• no.80
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• pp.51-77
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• 2011

This study aims to explore how to establish any foundation of the value of the unification of the Korean Peninsula in multicultural society of Korea. Its main issue is related to Korean identity of a nation and its shared value among the mulitcultural members, in particular, of North Koreans including defectors, foreign workers, and immigrants of international marriage and their children. For this study, I would utilize a given research of the application of two concepts of culture to multicultural levels by criticizing its limit; as an alternative, furthermore, I would pay attention to the possibility of the concept of emotion in multicultural members. A short feature in a given study of two conceptions of culture in a multicultural society is as follows: the first is to regard it as the patterns of meanings and symbols, which is very useful to understand others or other culture; secondly, to see it as the lasting process of perfection in human life, which makes us recognize ourselves as a member, so to speak, identity. In application it to Korean muliticultural members, however, there are crucial and complicated problems according to the cases of their lives. For North Koreans, firstly, they tend to get the conception of Korean identity in terms of ideological policies and education of North Korean government. This means that they have a strong hatred towards the word multiculture, in the level of recognizing the self-culture. Secondly, North Korean defectors also have the recognition of the self-culture, but their serious problem is discriminative treatments by South Korean in terms of socio-economics, in the process of their settlement. Thirdly, parents and their children in multicultural family can have their identity as Korean. In parents, however, the level is double that they can have both identities of Korean as well as of their countries. The foundation, therefore, of the value of the unification in the Korean Peninsula is closely related to the issue of identity as Korean. To recognize it, it is possible only to consider and reflect all members' lives by applying the dual conceptions of culture to their multicultural lives. That is not of outer system, but of inner, relational and cultural emotion, which enables them to share their common value of unification.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.83-124
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• 2015

Currently, infertility and artificial insemination have increased. However, there is no detailed legislation about this. In this study, I'll consider the legal status of artificial insemination child. Through the examination of the overseas legislation, we may get the reference of the future legislation. If we consider the increasing of infertility, artificial insemination should be allowed. And due to the well-being of artificial insemination child, such as the United States and France, the artificial insemination child should be regarded the legal child of the infertile couples. When the contradiction between the subject's basic rights has occurred, we need to consider the welfare of the child preferentially. Because the artificial insemination child has no selection of opportunity in birth, unlike adults who select the artificial insemination in their own free will. The development of biotechnology should be for the treatment of human. But creation and improvement of human must be prohibited. In addition, the social investigation of recognition about A.R.T. and general public administrative legal regulation should be made. There is a need for balanced discipline through a multi-disciplinary research. This study may be providing a legal interpretation criteria of other biotechnology researches.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.65-94
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• 2015

The number of theoretical orientations and approaches in music therapy has risen sharply. This development of new theories may contribute to the advancement of specific therapeutic techniques; however, it can also lead to increased confusion for consumers and professionals for clinical and practical reasons. Due to these concerns, therapists often debate questions such as the following: what is the most effective therapeutic approach, what is the most ethical and professional course of action when clients do not appear to benefit from therapy, and is it possible to integrate ideas and techniques from multiple frameworks and theories in order to better serve the client? This paper describes a new way of thinking for music therapists called Integral Thinking in Music Therapy (ITMT), proposed by Kenneth Bruscia as a comprehensive approach to addressing the clinical needs of the client. ITMT is a way of thinking that embraces existing models and theories, suggests when a particular approach is indicated with its own value, and helps us to move away from one-way thinking to a more comprehensive approach in order to better serve our clients. This article illustrates the basic premise and clinical application as well as a hypothetical application of ITMT based on an actual case study.