• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of phase feeding methods on growth performance, carcass characteristics, pork quality, and economical efficiency in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 120 crossbred pigs ([Yorkshire ${\times}$ Landrace] ${\times}$ Duroc), average initial body weight 25.23 ${\pm}$ 2.66 kg, were allotted to 5 treatments by body weight and sex in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Each treatment had 6 replicates with 4 pigs per pen. The treatments were 1) A (fed late weaner feed during whole phase), 2) B (fed late weaner feed in growing phase and grower feed in finishing phase), 3) C (fed grower feed during whole phase), 4) D (fed grower feed in growing phase and early finisher feed in early and late finishing phase), 5) E (fed grower feed in growing phase, early finisher feed in early finishing phase and late finisher feed in late finishing phase). Commercial diets bought from private feed company were used for this experiment. During the early growing phase (6 wks), treatments A and B showed higher growth performance than that of other treatments (P<0.05). However, growth performance tended to be similar among treatments at 10 wks after feeding and there was no difference in time of market weight (13 wks). Moreover, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration was lowered in treatment E than other treatments during whole experimental period (P<0.01). Carcass characteristics and pork quality were measured when body weight of pigs reached at 110.33 ${\pm}$ 2.1 kg. Days to market weight (110 kg), quality grade, pork color, and pork pH did not show any significant difference among treatments. These results suggested that phase feeding based upon growth stages of pigs showed no detrimental effects on growth performance and the pork quality. Moreover, feed cost was saved approximately 37% by phase feeding method without delaying of days to market weight compared to general conventional feeding method (B) of swine farm in Korea.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 2002

A study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary probiotics or antibiotics on growth and pathological status in growing-finishing pigs. Ninety male pigs weaned at 24 days of age were divided into three groups of 30 pigs each on the basis of body weight and litter. Three groups of ten pigs(one pen) each were assigned to one of the following diets; a control diet or diets containing 0.1% probiotics or 0.1% antibiotics (1:1 mixture of kitasamycin and sulfamethazine). Average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency(G/F) and the pathological status were monitored. ADG, feed efficiency and carcass quality were not different (P>0.05) among the three treatments. But pork quality in pigs fed probiotics tended to be improved, compared to other treatments. The pigs fed probiotics had lower pathological lesion in intestinal monitoring than that of other treatments pigs. The chemical composition of slurry(BOD, COD, SS, T-N, T-P and ammonia) in the probiotics treatments tended to be decreased, compared to other treatments. Results of this study suggest that dietary probiotics improve pigs' housing environment, and decrease the contents of polluting materials in slurry.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1996

This study was conducted to analyze the present status and the levels of mechanization and automation for raising, feeding, water supply, propagation, health management, ventilation and heat control, data analysis, and etc, and to establish the guide of the future study on development of the optimum production system models of swine facility from the results of this analysis. The scheme of the future study on the development of the optimum production system model of swine facility was established as follows : 1. A Korean and environmental control type slatted windowless swine housing model would be developed according to the following basis : \circled1 Boars, gilts and sows, delivery sows should be raised individually and piglets, growing pigs, and finishing pigs should be raised in group. \circled2 The arrangement of furrowing house were two rows of furrowing crates facing the center aisle. 2. The environmental control system and waste management system that are suitable to Korean and environmental control type slatted windowless swine housing model would be developed. 3. An electronic identification device would be developed. 4. The automatic individual wet feeding system by electronic identification device and computers would be developed. 5. The individual management system would be developed, which could manage individually the breeding pigs by the electronic identification device. 6. An expert system would be developed, which could manage the health and data base of pigs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.503-512
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Lactobacillus brevis (3.4×108 CFU/g) supplementation on growth performance, DM and N digestibilities, blood cell counts and fecal odor emission compounds in growing pigs. Ninety six crossbred [(Landrace×Yorkshire)×Duroc] pigs with an initial BW of 24.60±1.28kg were used for 42-d feeding trial according to a completely randomized design. Three corn- soybean meal based dietary treatments included: 1) CON (basal diet); 2) LB1 (basal diet + Lactobacillus brevis 0.2%) and 3) LB2 (basal diet+Lactobacillus brevis 0.4%). There were three dietary treatments with eight replicate pens per treatment and four pigs per pen. Through the entire experimental period, ADG, ADFI and gain/feed had no significant differences among treatments(P>0.05). Nitrogen digestibility was increased in LB1 and LB2 treatments compared to CON treatment (linear effect, P<0.05), however, DM digestibility had no significant difference among all the treatments (P>0.05). The WBC, RBC and lymphocyte concentrations in whole blood were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). Fecal NH3N and H2S concentrations were significant decreased in LB2 treatment compared to CON treatment (linear effect, P<0.05). Fecal VFA (acetic acid and propionic acid) concentration was also reduced in LB2 treatment compared to CON treatment (linear effect, P<0.05). In conclusion, Lactobacillus brevis (3.4×108 CFU/g) supplementation at the level of 0.4% can improve nitrogen digestibility and decrease the concentrations of fecal odor emission compounds in growing pigs.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of bio-ion water on growth performance, blood characteristics and meat quality in pigs. Ninety nine crossbreed pigs $(Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc)$ were randomly allotted to three treatments; CON (basal diet), T1 (basal diet with bio ion water from growing period), T2 (basal diet with bio ion water from finishing period). There were no significant differences in growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs among treatments. The red blood cell and white blood cell were significantly higher (P<0.05) in diet added with bio ion water than the control. Proximate analysis (%), meat color, pH, drip loss (%), cooking loss (%) and shear force $(kg/cm^{2})$ were not significantly different (P>0.05) among treatments. The treatment 1 had lower saturated fatty acid (SFA) to unsaturated fatty acid ratio, but higher UFA concentration than those of control. The aroma of cooked meat in T1 was higher than other treatments. Thereby, overall acceptability sensory score of cooked meat in T1 tended to be higher than other treatments.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.638-642
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• 2012

Human pathogenic viruses such as hepatitis A and E virus (HAV and HEV), which lead to acute liver failure and death, are foodborne pathogens associated with the consumption of virus-contaminated meats, filter-feeding bivalves, fruits, and salads. Two of the three swine farms examined in this study had HAV and HEV positive stool samples in a nested RT-PCR assay. The use of the immunomagnetic separation (IMS) facilitated the separation of HAV through interactions between the ligand on the virion surface and the antibody from the swine feces containing both HAV and HEV. The nested RT-PCR analysis was performed for the detection of HAV obtained from hepatocarcinoma cell line (PLC/PRF/5) contaminated with eluent fraction of IMS. This indicated that IMS has the potential to simultaneously isolate and concentrate target viruses by changing antibodies linked on the magnetic beads.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.415-422
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• 1975

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementation of fowl excrement for pig feed and econmic value of using fowl excrement for pig production. 1) The gain of body weight was no significant difference between the groups at the end of experiment. 2) The amount of feed intake by the amount of fowl excrement supplementation was increasing for 20% fowl excrement added group was 3.13 and 40% fowl excrement added group was 4.10 then control group was 2.68. 3) The digestibility of concentration was decreasing by the amount of fowl excrement supplementation. 4) The analysis on the economic low income indicated that the income for 20% fowl excrement added group was 460.87 won and 40% fowl excrement added group was 985.27 won.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.211-218
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• 2003

For the Exp. 1, a total of sixty pigs (10.57$\pm$0.30kg average initial body weight) were used in a 15-d growth assay to determine the effect of dietary $\alpha$-1,6-galactosidase and $\beta$-1,4-mannanase on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (corn-dried whey-SBM based diet), 2) EC0.1 (CON diet+0.1% enzyme complex of $\alpha$-1,6-galactosidase and $\beta$-1,4-mannanase). Through the entire experimental period, gain/feed of pigs fed EC0.1 diet was higher (0.43 vs 0.52) than that of pigs fed CON diet (P<0.05). Pigs fed EC0.1 diet showed significant (P<0.05) improvement in dry matter (74.82% vs 82.41%) and nitrogen (70.59% vs 77.88%) digestibilities compared to pigs fed CON diet. For the Exp. 2, a total of thirty six pigs (22.30$\pm$0.45kg average initial body weight) were used in a 30-d growth assay to determine the effects of dietary $\alpha$-1,6-galactosidase and $\beta$-1,4-mannanase in low energy diet on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Dietary treatments included 1) AME (adequate ME diet), 2) AME+EC0.1 (AME diet+0.1% enzyme complex) and LME+EC0.1 (low ME diet + 0.1% enzyme complex). Through the entire experimental period, average daily feed intake of pigs fed enzyme complex supplemented diets was higher than that of pigs fed CON diet (P<0.05). Also, pigs fed AME+EC0.1 diet showed significant (P<0.05) increase in ADFI (1,401g vs 1,733g) compared to pigs fed CON diet. Pigs fed enzyme complex supplemented diet showed significant (P<0.05) improvement in dry matter and nitrogen digestibilities compared to pigs fed CON diet. In conclusion, the results obtained from these feeding trials suggest that the supplementation of $\alpha$-1,6-galactosidase and $\beta$-1,4-mannanase was an effective means for improving growth performance and dry matter and nitrogen digestibilities in nursery and growing pigs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.375-382
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary herbal plant mixture on growth performance, blood immunological parameters, fecal VFA and NH3-N concentrations in growing pigs. The dietary treatments were 1) NC (negative control; antibiotics-free diet), 2) PC (positive control; NC diet added 0.16% antibiotic), 3) NCK0.2 (NC diet added 0.2% herbal plant mixture (koppuul??)) and 4) PCK0.1 (PC diet added 0.1% herbal plant mixture (koppuul??)). Eighty crossbred (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc) pigs (16.35±0.05kg average initial body weight) were used for 42 days. The pigs were assigned to the treatments according to body weight and each treatment had 5 replicates of 4 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. During the whole experimental period, PCK0.1 and PC treatments had significantly higher ADG than NC treatment (P<0.05). Gain/feed of pigs fed PC diet was higher than that of pigs fed NC diet (P<0.05). For blood immunological parameters investigations, white blood cells (WBC) counts and IgG level increased in the pigs fed PC, NCK0.2 and PCK0.1 diets compared to pigs fed NC diet. In addition, higher (P<0.05) serum lymphocyte concentration was found in PCK0.1 treatment compared to NC treatment. NH3-N concentration in pigs fed NCK0.2% diet was lower than that in pigs fed PC and NC diets. There were no significant differences in DM and N digestibilities among the treatments. In conclusion, the results suggested that the dietary additions of herbal plant mixture or antibiotics increase ADG, the concentrations of WBC counts and IgG, lymphocyte, while decrease NH3-N concentration in feces.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.501-508
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate effect of probiotic complex(Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae) on growth performance, blood immunological parameters and fecal malodor gas emissions in growing pigs. Forty-eight pigs[(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc, 25.31±1.29kg average initial body weight] were used in 35d growth trial. Dietary treatments included CON(basal diet), PC1(basal diet + 0.1% probiotic complex) and PC2(basal diet + 0.2% probiotic complex). From d 0 to 20, ADFI was significantly increased in PC1 and PC2 compared to CON(Linear effect, P=0.013). From d 21 to 35, ADFI was increased in PC1 compared to CON(Quadratic effect, P=0.024). For the whole period, ADFI was increased PC2 and PC1 compared to CON(Linear effect, P=0.009, Quadratic effect, P=0.004). For the whole period, ADG was increased in PC1 compared to CON(Quadratic effect, P=0.017). G/F was not affected by treatments. Dry matter digestibility in PC2 was higher than PC1 and CON(Linear effect, P=0.001). Nitrogen digestibility was significantly higher in PC2 and PC1 than CON(Linear effect, P=0.005). In blood immunological parameters, Total protein, IgG, red blood cell(RBC) and white blood cell(WBC) were increased in PC2 compared to PC1 and CON(Linear effect, P<0.001, Quadratic effect, P<0.001). In fecal malodor gas emission, ammonia and acetic acid were significantly reduced in PC2 compared to CON(Linear effect, P<0.02). Hydrogen sulfide was significantly reduced in PC2 compared to CON(Linear effect, P=0.0002, Quadratic effect, P=0.018). However, total mercaptans was not affected by treatments. Water content of feces was not significantly different among the treatments. In conclusion, 0.2 % probiotic complex improved ADFI, apparent dry matter and nitrogen digestibility, Total protein, IgG, RBC and WBC. Also, it decreased ammonia, acetic acid and hydrogen sulfide emissions in growing pigs.