• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.23-30
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• 2003

In this study, the various load cases by specified by the IEC61400-1 international specification and GL Regulations for the wind energy conversion system were considered, and a specific composite structure configuration which can effectively endure various loads was proposed. In order to evaluate the structure, the structural analysis for the composite wind turbine blade was performed using the finite element method(FEM). In the structural design, the acceptable configuration of blade structure was determined through the parametric studies, and the most dominant design parameters were confirmed. In the stress analysis using the FEM, it was confirmed that the blade structure was safe and stable for all the considerd load cases. Moreover the safety of the blade root joint with insert bolts, newly devised in this study, was checked against the design loads and also the fatigue loads. The fatigue life for operating more than 20 years was estimated by using the well-known S-N linear damage rule, the load spectrum and Spera's empirical equations. The full-scale static test was performed under the simulated aerodynamic loads. from the experimental results, it was found that the designed blade had the structural integrity. Furthermore the measured results were agreed with the analytical results such as deflections, strains, the mass and the radial center of gravity. The studied blade was successfully certified by an international institute, GL, of Germany.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.747-761
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• 2011

This paper presents an investigation on the change in the statical behavior and the ultimate capacity of steel cable-stayed bridges after cable failure. Cable failure can occur due to fire, direct vehicle clash accidents, cable or anchorage fatigue, and so on. Moreover, the cable may be temporarily disconnected during cable replacement work. When cable failure occurs, the load, that was supported by the broken cable is first transferred to another cable. Then the structural state changes due to the interaction between the girder, mast, and cables. Moreover, it can be predicted that the ultimate capacity will decrease after cable failure, because of the loss of the support system. In this study, the analysis method is suggested to find the new equilibrium state after cable failure based on the theory of nonlinear finite element analysis. Moreover, the ultimate analysis method is also suggested to analyze the ultimate behavior of live loads after cable failure. For a more rational analysis, a three-step analysis procedure is suggested and used, which consisted of initial shape analysis, cable failure analysis, and live load analysis. Using this analysis method, an analytical study was performed to investigate the changes in the structural state and ultimate behavior of steel cable-stayed bridges.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 2018

Since the generalized Hoek-Brown (GHB) function predicts the strength of the jointed rock mass in a systematic manner by use of GSI index, it is widely used in rock engineering practices. In this study, a series of 2D elasto-plastic FE analysis, which adopts the GHB criterion as a yield function, was carried out to investigate the radial convergence characteristics of circular tunnel excavated in the GHB rock mass. The effect of the plastic potential function on the elasto-plastic displacement was also examined. In the analysis, the wide range of both the $K(={\sigma}_h/{\sigma}_v)$ and GSI values are considered. For each K value, the variation of the ratio of sidewall displacement to roof displacement was calculated with varying GSI values and the obtained displacement patterns were analysed. The calculation results show that the displacement ratio significantly depends not only on the K value but also on the range of GSI value. In particular, for lower range of GSI value, the displacement ratio pattern calculated in the elasto-plastic regime is opposite to that predicted by the elasticity theory. In addition, the variation of the radial displacement ratio with GSI value for different types of plastic potential function showed similar trend.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.295-295
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• 1998

고속도로에서 교통류의 특성에 파악하여 교통류의 특성을 파악하여 동적행태로 교통상황을 분석하고 효과적인 제어전략, 시뮬레이션, 그리고 기하구조 개선등의 효율적이고 실용적인 적용을 위해서는 교통류의 정확한 모사가 필요하다. 시공간으로 표현되는 상태방정식을 포함하는 거시적 시뮬레이션 모델에 사용되는 연속류 모델은 이러한 교통류 특성을 모사하는데 적절하다. Lighthill과 Whitham(1955), Richard(1956)에 의해 일계도함수의 형태를 가지는 단순모델이 제시된 이후 모델의 결점을 보완하기 위해 많은 고계도 모델이 제시되었지만 고계도 모델이 가진 이론적인 결점에 대해서는 여러 연구들이 제시되어 있다. 또한 고계도 모델은 운동량 방정식의 유도, 정산, 구현의 어려움으로 널리 사용되기 힘들다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 만일 적절히 구현할 수 있다면 적용이 간단한 단순모델로도 보다 정확한 교통류 상황 모사가 가능하다. Ansorge는 혼잡교통류상황을 보다 정확하게 모사하기 위해 단순모델에 엔트로피 조건을 결합시킨 모델을 제시했다. Bui는 이 제안된 모델이 적절한 시뮬레이션 결과를 나타낸다는 것을 밝혔다. 그러나 이 모델은 차량의 재가속이 이루어지는 교통상황-stop-start wave의 경우 비현실적인 값을 가진다. 엔트로피조건에 의해 구해진 해는 실제보다 과다한 교통량을 추정하게 되는데 이런 결과는 위와 같은 교통상황에서 중요한 요소로 작용하는 가속효과가 무시되고 있기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 stop-start wave 조건에서 가속도에 경계치를 부여하여 교통류율을 상한경계조건을 제시함으로써 교통상황에 맞는 교통류율을 산정하는 방법에 대해 제안하고자 한다.환승이라는 특정대안변수(Specific alternative variable)를 첨가하여 그것이 수단선택에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 또한, 대중교통의 속성을 가지고 있는 지하철과 버스를 하나의 대안으로 묶어서 효용함수를 구한 다음 다시 승용차, 택시, 대중교통을 독립된 대안으로 두고 모형을 정립하는 NESTED LOGIT모형으로 파라메타를 추정하여 대중교통의 효용에 관해 분석·비교하였다. 본 논문에 이용된 자료는 공항을 이용하는 이용객들을 대상으로 직접 설문·면접조사한 자료이며 대상 교통수단은 승용차, 택시, 지하철, 버스로 설정하였다. 결과 적응형 알고리즘이 개개인의 최단시간 경로를 제공하는 사용자 평형 경로안내전략에 비해 교통혼잡도와 정체시간의 체류정도에 따라 3%에서 10%까지 전체통행시간을 절약할 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다.출발참, 구성대외개방선면축심, 실현국제항선적함접화국내항반적전항, 형성다축심복사식항선망; 가강기장건설, 개피포동제이국제기장건설, 괄응포동개발경제발전적수요. 부화개시일은 각 5월 26일과 5월 22일이었다. 11. 6월 중순에 애벌레를 대상으로 처리한 Phenthoate EC가 96.38%의 방제가로 약효가 가장 우수하였고 3월중순 및 4월중순 월동후 암컷을 대상으로 처리한 Machine oil, Phenthoate EC 및 Trichlorfon WP는 비교적 약효가 낮았다.>$^{\circ}$E/$\leq$30$^{\circ}$NW 단열군이 연구지역 내에서 지하수 유동성이 가장 높은 단열군으로 추정된다. 이러한 사실은 3개 시추공을 대상으로 실시한 시추공 내 물리검층과 정압주입시험에서도 확인된다.. It was result

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.10-19
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• 2014

Corrugated steel plates are made by fabricating thin steel plates to have trapezoidal or sinusoidal corrugation, and the corrugated plates are able to maintain high out-of-plane rigidity even when they are used instead of thick flat plates. Also, corrugated steel plates have almost no axial rigidity due to the accordion effect. Thus, if they are applied to the webs of plate girders, designing can be easily conducted so that the webs bear only shear stresses. However, unlike flat plates, the shear buckling of corrugated steel plates has very complex characteristics where buckling occurs due to the interaction of local and global buckling, besides local buckling and global buckling. For the investigation of the cause and characteristics of this interactive buckling, studies on sinusoidal corrugated steel plates are fewer than studies on trapezoidal corrugated steel plates. Therefore, in this study, the shear buckling characteristics of sinusoidal corrugated steel plates and the occurrence pattern of interactive buckling were investigated. For the calculation of shear buckling strength, a finite element program was used, and the analysis results were compared with the exact solution. In addition, the characteristics of buckling stress change and the change of buckling mode shape depending on corrugation thickness and shape parameter were analyzed, and by comparing these results with the results of a theoretical equation, the timing of buckling mode change was analyzed.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.537-546
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• 2013

Traffic congestion in existing tunnels has increased due to increased traffic volume and enlarged vehicles. Enlarging existing tunnels has advantages over constructing new tunnels by reducing land purchasing costs as well as minimizing natural environment destruction. In fact, many overseas projects for enlarging existing tunnels have been reported. Thus, it appears that the demand on enlarging existing tunnels continues to rise in Korea in near future. Nonetheless, the studies related to the enlarged tunnels have been relatively rare since there have been few tunnel enlargement projects in Korea. In the present study, the tunnel behavior and the stability of rock pillar when enlarging existing parallel tunnels were investigated by performing FE analysis and using existing theory and empirical relationships. Four different enlarging cases, depending on the enlargement types and directions, were examined in the study. According to the results, for the tunnels with the same pillar width after enlarged, the uni-laterally enlarged tunnel indicated 5 to 20% higher crown settlement compared to the bi-laterally enlarged tunnel, and for the tunnel with the narrowest pillar, the highest shotcrete stress was observed. Also, the strength/stress ratio for rock pillar was more than 1.0 for all four enlargement cases, and the Matsuda's method was found to give higher strength/stress ratio by about 50% compared to the Peck's method.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 2012

Surface-subsurface interactions are an intrinsic component of the hydrologic response within a watershed. In general, these interactions are considered to be one of the most difficult areas of the discipline, particularly for the modeler who intends simulate the dynamic relations between these two major domains of the hydrological cycle. In essence, one major complexity is the spatial and temporal variations in the dynamically interacting system behavior. The proper simulation of these variations requires the need for providing an appropriate coupling mechanism between the surface and subsurface components of the system. In this study, an approach for modelling surface-subsurface flow and transport in a fully intergrated way is presented. The model uses the 2-dimensional diffusion wave equation for sheet surface water flow, and the Boussinesq equation with the Darcy's law and Dupuit-Forchheimer's assumption for variably saturated subsurface water flow. The coupled system of equations governing surface and subsurface flows is discretized using the finite volume method with central differencing in space and the Crank-Nicolson method in time. The interactions between surface and subsurface flows are considered mass balance based on the continuity conditions of pressure head and exchange flux. The major module consists of four sub-module (SUBFA, SFA, IA and NS module) is developed.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.113-124
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• 1998

Numerical study using nonlinear finite element analysis is done for investigating behavior of isolated reinforced concrete walls subject to combined in-plane and out-of-plane bending moments and axial force. A method for estimating the ultimate strength of wall is developed, based on the analytical results. For the nonlinear finite element analysis, a computer program addressing material and geometric nonlinearities is developed. An existing unified method combining plasticity theory and damage model is used for material model of reinforced concrete. By numerical studies, the internal force distribution in the cross section is idealized, and a new method for estimating the ultimate strength of wall is developed. According to the proposed method, variation of the interaction curve of in-plane bending moment and axial force depends on the range of the permissible axial force per unit length that is determined by the given amount of out-of-plane bending moment. As the out-of-plane bending moment increases, the interaction curve shrinks, which indicates a decrease in the ultimate strength. The proposed method is compared with an existing method using the general assumption that strain shall be directly proportional to the distance from the neutral axis. Compared with the proposed method, the existing method overestimates the ultimate strength for walls subject to low out-of-plane bending moments, and it underestimates the ultimate strength for walls subject to high out-of-plane bending moments.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1005-1011
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• 2016

The fundamental reason for gear noise is transmission error. Transmission error occurs because of STE (static transmission error) and DTE (dynamic transmission error), while a pair of gears is meshing. These errors are generated by the deflection of the teeth and the friction on the surface of the teeth. In addition, the vibration generated by transmission error leads to excited bearings. The bearings support the shafts, and the noise is radiated after exciting the gear casing. The analysis of the contact stress in helical gear tooth flanks indicates that it is due to impact loading, such as the sudden engagement and disengagement of a gear. Stress analysis is performed for different roll positions, in order to determine the most critical roll angle. Dynamic analysis is performed on this critical roll position, in order to evaluate variation in stresses and tooth contact force, with respect to time. In this study, transmission error analysis was implemented on a spur and helical gear with involute geometry and a modified geometry profile. In addition, in order to evaluate the intensity of impact due to sudden engagement and significant backlash, the impact factor was calculated using the finite element analysis results of static and dynamic maximum bending stresses.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.378-385
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• 2017

This study investigated the design of a snap fit, which is widely used for fastening plastic parts. We analyzed the assembly mechanism of a lock snapfit, measured the assembly force and separation force based on the design of experiments, and derived a regression equation through an analysis of variance. The response surface methodology was also used. Polybutylene terephthalate was used to fabricate specimens, and the assembly force and separation force were measured using a micro-tensile tester. The length, width, thickness, and interference were considered as factors. A second-order regression model was used to derive the regression equation. The assembly force decreased with increasing length and width, but it increased with increasing thickness and interference. The finite element method was used to analyze the assembly mechanics. The width decreased the assembly force by increasing the ductility. The influences of the factors for low assembly force and high release force were shown to be opposite to each other. It was necessary to design a structure that minimized the assembly force while maintaining an appropriate level of separation force.