• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.97-123
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• 2008

Recently, there has been a growing trend toward private brand. Although much has been written about the determinants of attitude and purchase intention on PB, little is known about the influence of manufacturer and retailer trust on private brand purchase. This research addresses three questions:(1) what impact do manufacturer and retailer trust have on private brand purchase?(2) What is a key mediating variable in the relationship retailer between trust(on retailer/manufacture) and purchase intention?(3) Are the impacts of these factors differ depending on the level of customer knowledge? The findings indicate that retailer trust directly influence on the perceived quality, attitude toward private brand, and purchase intention. Manufacturer trust affects on attitude and purchase intention, however, only when it is through perceived quality. In addition, the relative impact of theses two factors differs to some extent, depending on the level of consumer knowledge. When customer knowledge is relatively high, retailer trust is a very important factor influencing perceived quality, attitude and purchase intention. On the other hand, both retailer trust and manufacturer trust are considered when customer knowledge on private brand is low.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.49-69
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• 2005

This study is to investigate causal relationship among store image, private brand image and purchase intentions through comparing national distributors with local distributors in Pusan city. More specifically, the objective of this study can be explained as follows; First, what store image have an effect on private brand image. Second, individual store image and their private brand image have different effects. Last, store image and private brand image influence purchase intention of private brands. The results of this study suggests a positive relationship between consumers' perceptions of individual private brands and their associated store image dimensions and purchase intentions toward private brands. A key implication of this research suggests it is desirable for retailers to build up a positive consumer's perceptions of private brand by improving store image. Especially, it is suggested that through the development of specific features of store images, retailers are to manage private brands.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.109-125
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• 2007

Even though private brands have low cost advantages to national brands, consumers perceive the qualities of private brands lower than the qualities of national brands. To overcome such perceptions of consumers, alliances between private brands and national brands should be tried. This study investigates the effects of consumers' attitude for private brands and national brands on the evaluation of brand alliance between private and national brands, especially when national brands are used as ingredient brands of the private brand. We also study the moderating effects of consumers' price sensitivity and quality sensitivity on this brand alliance evaluation. Additionally, we try to provide some guidelines for successful brand alliances between private and national brands.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.467-485
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• 2015

The market share of private brand(PB) is growing at a rapid pace. Based on the previous studies, consumers pay more attention to the extrinsic cues when they buy the PB products. This paper proposes an integrated model to examine how the retailer credibility which is one of the important extrinsic cues affects perceived quality variation, value consciousness, attitude to PB, and PB product purchase intention. Also, familiarity with PB is regarded as a moderating variable that can interact with retailer credibility. An analysis of 199 useable questionnaires found that retailer credibility has a significant impact on the attitude to PB, directly and indirectly. Further, the moderating effect of familiarity with PB was significant. For this, we interpret that when consumers are more familiar with the private brand, they tend to have few bias toward the quality of PB. These findings provide several effective strategies for the development of PB, such that retailers must improve consumer's familiarity with PB via various promotions like free samples or testing events. Academic and practical implications of the study findings and future research directions are also discussed.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.49-68
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to introduce brand alliance to private brand context. The conventional concept of the wheel of retailing hypothesis explains the limitation of private brand growth. Retailers, therefore, has made an effort to adopt brand alliance with national brand to solve the potential problem of private brand. The conjoint analysis was used to identify the importance of brand alliance. The importance of the general variable extracted from part worth presented there was significant benefit in an alliance between a private brand and a national brand. Additionally, the results showed that there were moderating effect of 1) familiarity with private brand, 2) evaluation of specific retailer and vendor and 3) usage amount on part worth structures.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-46
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• 2003

Despite importance of private brands in the retail industry, not many studies have been performed on factors affecting consumers' attitude formation toward private brands. This study tries to understand attitude formation toward private brands from the perspective of image congruence. Focusing on three types of image congruence-image congruence between a private brand and a consumer's self, image congruence between a store and a product category used for a private brand, and image congruence between a store and a consumer's self - this study explores relationships and effects of these three types of image congruence on attitudes toward private brands. According to results, image congruence between a private brand and a consumer's self has the strongest effect among three types of image congruence. Image congruence between a store and a product category also has a significant positive effect on attitudes toward private brands. Effects of image congruence between a store and a consumer's self on attitudes toward private brands were opposite to the hypothesized direction, and explanations about the unexpected result are provided.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.47-70
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find out characteristic of a product which has the most influence when consumer makes a purchase, and analyze if actual consumers make a purchase with recognition of the brand difference between PB and NB brands using conjoint analysis. As a result, the main factor which consumers consider when they purchase a product is the quality but the factor for brands (NB or PB) do not have an effect on their purchasing. The reason why consumers little consider a factor for PB or NB is that they do not have much knowledge of PB and they recognize the PB as a "me-too" product of NB. Therefore, retailers should develop more differentiated product in order to be recognized by consumers.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.15-20
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• 2013

This study aims to determine factors related for manufacturers to use distributors storehouse and its cost efficiency in Supply Chain. When manufacturers which have relationships with Big distributors determine the way of their logistics, they can use their own warehouse, or the distributors', or outsource its function. In which case the manufacturers face the cost efficiency of using warehouse will be different, therefore, the driven factors will exist internally or externally. The findings of this study are that internal factors(brand value, product portfolio, and technological capabilities), external factors(technological characteristics, demands fluctuations, and munificence), and transaction characteristics(transaction experiences, dependency) would be driven factor between manufacturer and distributors in supply chain. These driven factors effects manufacturers transactions power on their distributors.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.113-128
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• 2012

The growth of market share of distributors' brands, also known as private brand, has accelerated in recent years. Sales volumes and market shares of private brands, as well as their appeal to consumers have steadily increased. Carrying private brands comes with numerous advantages, one of which is the relatively high gross margin, which can be 20 - 30% higher compared to manufacturer brands. Recently, many big discount stores are expanding private brand for higher sales volume. Thus, private brands play an important strategic role for retailers. The tendency of growing private brand will decrease sales revenue of both channel members, distributer and manufacturer. The disadvantage for manufacturer is obvious, especially for the manufactures who not only produce their own brands but also retailer brands competing against their own. There are also possible to weaken the brand awareness of manufacturer's brand. The purpose of this study is to explore the perception gap between retailers and manufacturers. we investigated to identify how consumers perceive private brand. In other to study the impact of private brands on distributors, we surveyed the actual condition of private brand and perception towards private brands among consumers, retailers and manufacturers. Based these analysis, we recommended proposal for private brand policies as follows: First, it need to correct imbalance between large retailer and manufacturer. second, we suggest "win-win growth policy", Third, by registering trademark right of national brand, manufacturers have a way of protecting their brands. Forth, manufacturers are encouraged to produce PNB(Private National Brand).

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.3
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• pp.155-171
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• 1999

유통업체 부설 인터넷 쇼핑몰은 타 쇼핑몰에 비해 우수한 유통인력, 배송, 상품매입이나 관리시스템 등의 노하우가 있기 때문에 유리하다고 판단된다. 그러나 현실적으로는 이들 업체가 유리한 여건을 십분 활용치 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 이들이 왜 유리한 여건을 제대로 활용하지 못한가를 분석하고 어떻게 하면 활성화시킬 수 있을 것인가를 분석하였다. 특히 본고는 유통전문가의 입장에서 본, 기존 유통업체 부설 인터넷 쇼핑몰의 문제점 분석과 활성화 방안이다. 기존 유통업체에서 운영하는 인터넷 쇼핑몰의 영업 활성화를 저해하는 가장 중요한 요인은 이들 업체들이 '남들이 하니까 하는'식의 막연한 자세에서 찾을 수 있다. 자세히 분석해보면 먼저 단기적인 수익보다 장기성을 보는 혜안이 필요하고, 상품 품목수의 확대가 필요하다. 또한 가격경쟁력 회복, 택배시스템의 전문화, 목표 고객층과 상품의 괴리 해소, 보안문제 해결 및 소비자의 이용상 편리성 제고 등이 이루어져야 한다. 이 외에도 해외시장을 겨냥한 도메인명(domain name)의 부여와 영문사용, 소비자의 프라이버시 침해없는 정보수집 등이 제시된다.