• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.492-498
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• 2012

In this study, hydrodynamics such as solid circulation rate and voidage in the desulfurizer and the reaction characteristics of Zn-based solid sorbents were investigated using lab-scale high pressure and high temperature desulfurization process. The continuous HGD (Hot Gas Desulfurization) process consist of a fast fluidized bed type desulfurizer (6.2 m tall pipe of 0.015 m i.d), a bubbling fluidized bed type regenerator (1.6 m tall bed of 0.053 m i.d), a loop-seal and the pressure control valves. The solid circulation rate was measured by varying the slide-gate opening positions, the gas velocities and temperatures of the desulfurizer and the voidage in the desulfurizer was derived by the same way. At the same gas velocities and the same opening positions of the slide gate, the solid circulation rate, which was similar at the temperature of $300^{\circ}C$ and $550^{\circ}C$, was low at those temperatures compared with a room temperature. The voidage in the desulfurizer showed a fast fluidized bed type when the opening positions of the slide gate were 10~20% while that showed a turbulent fluidized bed type when those of slide gate were 30~40%. The reaction characteristics of Zn-based solid sorbent were investigated by different desulfurization temperatures at 20 atm in the continuous operation. The $H_2S$ removal efficiency tended to decrease below the desulfurization temperature of $450^{\circ}C$. Thus, the 10 hour continuous operation has been performed at the desulfurization temperature of $500^{\circ}C$ in order to maintain the high $H_2S$ removal efficiency. During 10 hour continuous operation, the $H_2S$ removal efficiency was above 99.99% because the $H_2S$ concentration after desulfurization was not detected at the inlet $H_2S$ concentration of 5,000 ppmv condition using UV analyzers (Radas2) and the detector tube (GASTEC) which lower detection limit is 1 ppmv.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.111-122
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• 2004

The driver's decision making (e.g. route choice) is a typical decision making with an uncertainty. In this paper, we investigate the effect of route guidance information on driver's route choice and learning behavior and analyse the potential of information system in a road network in which traffic flows follow random walk. A Simulation performed focuses on the relationship among the network wide performance, message receiving rates and driver's learning mechanism. We know that at high levels of message receiving rates, the network-wide performance may get worse. However, at low levels of receiving rates, we found that the travel time when guidance information is provided decrease compared to the cases when no pubic information is provided. Also, we found that the learning parameter of the learning mechanism model always changes under nonstationary traffic condition. In addition, learning process of drivers does not converge on any specific value. More investigation is needed to enlarge the scope of the study and to explore more deeply driver's behavior.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.180-180
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• 2013

반도체, 디스플레이와 같이 저압, 극청정 조건에서 진행되는 공정에서 발생한 오염입자는 수 율에 큰 영향을 미친다. 따라서 공정 중에 발생한 오염입자를 실시간으로 모니터링할 수 있는 장비에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. Particle Beam Mass Spectrometer (PBMS)는 저압에서 실시간으로 나노 입자의 크기를 측정할 수 있는 대표적인 장비 중 하나이다. 입자를 포함한 가스 유동이 PBMS로 유입되면, 우선 입자를 입자빔의 형태로 집속하는 공기역학렌즈를 통과하게 된다. 집속된 입자는 노즐에 의해서 가속되며, 이로 인해 충분한 관성을 가지게 된 입자는 양극과 음극, 필라멘트로 구성된 electron gun에서 전자충돌에 의해 포화상태로 하전된다. 하전한 입자는 electrostatic deflector에서 크기에 따라 분류되어 Faraday detector와 electrometer에 의해 측정된다. 그러나 공기역학렌즈는 입자의 크기가 작아질수록 집속 효율이 급격히 낮아진다는 문제점을 지니고 있다. 이는 입자가 작아질수록 점성에 의한 영향이 관성에 의한 영향보다 커짐으로써 나타나는 현상이다. 최근 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 사중극자를 사용하여 입자를 집속시키는 방법이 대안으로 제시되었다. 사중극자는 서로 마주보는 쌍곡선 형태의 전극구조에 AC 전기장을 인가하는 방식을 사용한다. 사중극자의 중심은 정확히 평형점을 가지게 되며 입자는 사중극자 내에서 진동을 반복하며 평형점을 향해 모이게 된다. 입자의 크기가 작을수록 전기력에 의한 영향을 크게 받으므로 사중극자를 이용한 입자집속 방법은 나노입자의 집속에 있어 공기역학렌즈를 이용한 집속에 비해 이점을 지닌다. 또한 집속 하고자 하는 입자 대상이 바뀔 경우 구조를 바꿔야 하는 공기역학렌즈와 달리 사중극자를 이용한 방법은 AC 전기장을 조절하는 것 만으로 제어가 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 저압 조건에서 나노입자를 집속하기 위한 사중극자의 전극 구조를 이론적인 계산을 통하여 구하였다. 그 결과 0.1 torr의 압력 조건하에서 5~100 nm 범위의 기본 입자를 AC 전압과 진동수를 조절하여 집속할 수 있는 사중극자 형태를 설계하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.540-540
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• 2012

강우 발생시 유역에 집수된 물이 하천에 이르는 경로에 따른 유출은 지표유출, 지표하유출, 지하수유출로 구분된다. 정확한 수문순환 과정의 해석을 위해서는 지표 흐름뿐만 아니라 지표하 및 지하수 흐름의 해석이 중요한 실정이나 일반적으로 실무에서 사용되는 강우-유출해석 모형은 지표유출을 해석하기 위한 모형이 대부분이며, 지표하 유출과 침투량을 산정하는데 어려움이 있다. 일반적인 강우-유출해석 모형은 Horton 방법, NRCS 방법, Green-Ampt 방법에 의해 유효우량을 분리하며, 이 과정은 침투량을 직접적으로 모형화 할 수 없으므로 지표 및 지표하, 지하수 흐름을 복합적으로 해석할 수 있는 모형이 질적이나 양적으로 부족한 실정이다. 이러한 지표하 흐름과 침투량을 산정하기 위하여 FE-FLOW, PM, MS-VMS, GMS, GW-VISTAS, ARGUS 및 MODFLOW와 같은 지하수 모형을 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 지표하유출 산정을 위한 침투량의 비교분석을 위해 현재 가장 범용되는 지하수 유동 모델링 프로그램인 Visual Modlfow 모형과 GMS 모형을 이용하여 침투량 산정을 위한 수치 모의를 진행하였다. 각 모형의 입력자료는 2009년 국립방재연구원에서 수행한 침투실험시설 자료를 이용하여 동일한 조건을 부여하고, 두 모형의 비교를 위해 Visual Modflow에서는 MODFLOW의 기본 해석방법인 유한차분법(FDM)을 이용하고, GMS 모형에서는 3차원 유한요소해석이 가능한 GMS-FEMWATER를 이용하였다. 두 모형의 수치모의 조건으로 2009년 국립방재연구원에서 수행한 침투실험방법과 동일하게 공극률에 따른 투수성 보도블럭의 구분과 50mm/hr, 100mm/hr, 150mm/hr, 200mm/hr의 강우강도별 선행함수조건에 따른 수치모의를 진행하였으며, 수치모의된 침투량의 적정성을 판단하기 위하여 국립방재연구원의 침투실험 결과자료와 비교분석하였다. 침투실험 자료와 각각 수치모의된 침투량을 비교분석한 결과 서로 유사한 경향을 보이고 있으나 초기 침투시 상대오차가 비교적 크게 발생하였다. 이는 수치모형의 경우 수리실험과는 다르게 모의시작과 동시에 해당 강우강도의 침투가 시작되므로 초기 유입 유출량 발생시간의 차이가 종료시간까지 누적 침투량에 미치는 것으로 판단되며, 매개변수에 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2020

This paper described a laboratory investigation of micro hydropower at lower head water in a free vortex flow. The vortex height, turbine rotation and torque for straight blade with inner curved edge, twisted blade and curved blade were investigated at the flow rate of 0.0069 ㎥/s in the inlet channel. The results showed that the optimum vortex strength occurred within the range of the diameter of basin to the outlet diameter ratios of 0.17~18.5. The power output and efficiency of straight blade were higher as compared to other blades. The highest amount of generated energy was 12.33 W, the torque was 0.91 N·m and the highest efficiency by considering effective head was 29.5 %, whereas the highest efficiency by considering vortex height was 80.5 % at the rotational speed of 132 rpm. The water vortex velocity of straight blade was about 2.8 times larger than the mean velocity in the inlet channel.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.301-310
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• 1999

In this paper a numerical model and two analytical models in the hydraulically connected stream-aquifer system were analyzed to compare the induced infiltration rate curves derived from each model. And we also examined the effects of anisotropy of hydraulic conductivity and the direction of the ambient ground water flow on the quantification of the induced infiltration rate. The induced infiltration rate curve determined by models is very simple and useful for estimating the induced infiltration rate since it contains only four physical variables such as the induced infiltration rate, the pumping rate, the distance between the pumping well and the stream, and the ambient ground water flow rate. Under the conditions tested in this paper the induced infiltration rate curves resulted from the Wilson's analytical model and FEWA numerical model were in good agreement, and the anisotropic ratio of hydraulic conductivity was evaluated as a physical factor which influences the behaviour of the induced infiltration rate curve. The methods and results of the paper might Icad to improve the understanding of the induced infiltration phenomenon and can be applied to the planning and disign of pumping well and the optimal determination of the induced infiltration rate and pumping rate for water quality management of the water supply wells.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.63-75
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• 2013

The School Bus Routing Problem(SBRP) seeks to plan an efficient schedule of a fleet of school buses that must pick up student from various bus stops and deliver them by satisfying various constraints; maximum capacity of the bus, maximum riding time of students, arrival time between a school's time window. By extending the existing SBRP, we consider a case study of SBRP with allowance of mixed-loading and dynamic arrivals reflecting the school bus operation of university in Korea. Our solution procedure is based on constructing the initial solution using sweep algorithm and then improving solution within the framework of the evolutionary approach known as efficient meta-heuristics. By comparing the various scenarios through the constraints relaxation for reflecting the real operational strategies, we assess the merit of our proposed procedure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.282-287
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was predicted the effects of mixing and diffusion due to the operation of the apparatus before the development of the mixed diffusion device for the decontamination absorbent to minimize the influence of contaminant inflow due to radiation accident. The tracer used for the flow characteristics was $^{68}Ga$, $^{99m}Tc$, which is a radioactive isotope, and 2 inch NaI radiation detector was used to detect it. The impeller of the decontamination mixed diffusion system applied to this study was made into three types and the mixing diffusion effect was compared. As a result of analyzing the flow characteristics of the radio-isotope with decontamination mixed diffusion device, mixing, diffusion and flow pattern were obtained. The radial mixing type impeller was able to diffuse to the water surface by the upflow flow, and the fin structure was adjusted for finding optimal conditions. The model 3 type consists of a fin guiding part and an auxiliary fin so that the diffusion speed is higher than that of other types of impellers. It also showed a short time to reach complete mixing.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.173-184
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• 2013

A multi-level design optimization framework for aerodynamic design of rotary wing such as propeller and helicopter rotor blades is presented in this study. Strategy of the proposed framework is to enhance aerodynamic performance by sequentially applying the planform and sectional design optimization. In the first level of a planform design, we used a genetic algorithm and blade element momentum theory (BEMT) based on two-dimensional aerodynamic database to find optimal planform variables. After an initial planform design, local flow conditions of blade sections are analyzed using high-fidelity CFD methods. During the next level, a sectional design optimization is conducted using two dimensional Navier-Stokes analysis and a gradient based optimization algorithm. When optimal airfoil shape is determined at the several spanwise locations, a planform design is performed again. Through this iterative design process, not only an optimal flow condition but also an optimal shape of an EAV propeller blade is obtained. To validate the optimized propeller-blade design, it is tested in wind-tunnel facility with different flow conditions. An efficiency, which is slightly less than the expected improvement of 7% predicted by our proposed design framework but is still satisfactory to enhance the aerodynamic performance of EAV system.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the High Rate Spiral Clarifier(HRSC) availability for the improvement of polluted retention pond water quality. A lab scale and a pilot scale test was performed for this. The fluid flow patterns in a HRSC were studied using Fluent which is one of the computational fluid dynamic(CFD) programs, with inlet velocity and inlet diameter, length of body($L_B$) and length of lower cone(Lc), angle and gap between the inverted sloping cone, the lower exit hole installed or not installed. A pilot scale experimental apparatus was made on the basis of the results from the fluid flow analysis and lab scale test, then a field test was executed for the retention pond. In the study of inside fluid flow for the experimental apparatus, we found out that the inlet velocity had a greater effect on forming spiral flow than inlet flow rate and inlet diameter. There was no observable effect on forming spiral flow LB in the range of 1.2 to $1.6D_B$(body diameter) and Lc in the range of 0.35 to $0.5L_B$, but decreased the spiral flow with a high ratio of $L_B/D_B$ 2.0, $Lc/L_B$ 0.75. As increased the angle of the inverted sloping cone, velocity gradually dropped and evenly distributed in the inverted sloping cone. The better condition was a 10cm distance of the inverted sloping cone compared to 20cm to prevent turbulent flow. The condition that excludes the lower exit hole was better to prevent channeling and to distribute effluent flow rate evenly. From the pilot scale field test it was confirmed that particulate matters were effectively removed, therefore, this apparatus could be used for one of the plans to improve water quality for a large water body such as retention ponds.