• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.148-149
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• 2000

연안해역은 육상환경과 해양환경이 상호작용하는 완충지역으로서, 양식어장, 항만, 해수욕장 등으로 이용되고 있다. 남해안과 같은 연안해역은 기초생산력이 아주 높고, 해면양식업에 적합한 지형적 여건을 갖추고 있어 옛부터 어패류 양식장으로 널리 이용되고 있다. 연안환경 특성에 따라 크게 2가지 유형 즉, 진해만과 같이 외부 부하량 증가로 적조가 상습적으로 발생하는 부영양화된 해역, 한산ㆍ거제만과 같이 외부 부하량 유입이 적고 기초생산력이 낮은 빈영양 해역으로 나누어진다. (중략)

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.2B
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• pp.225-231
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• 2006

The nonpoint source control is based on TPLMS (Total Pollution Load Management System) program. Recently, the Ministry of Environment in Korea has programed TPLMS for 4 major large rivers to improve the water quality in rivers by controling the total pollutant loadings from the watershed area. Usually the urbanization is the main pollutant sources, particularly for nonpoint pollutants, because of high imperviousness and high pollutant mass emissions. The stormwater runoff from urban areas is containing various pollutants such as sediments, metals and toxic chemicals due to human and vehicle activities. Of the various landuses, the highways are highly polluted landuses because of high pollutant accumulation rate by vehicle activities during dry periods. Therefore, this research is achieved to provide pollutant EMCs (Event Mean Concentrations) and mass loadings washed-off from highways during rainfall periods. Five monitoring locations were equipped with an automatic rainfall gage and an flow meter. The results show that the EMC ranges for 95% confidence intervals in highway land use are 45.52-125.76 mg/L for TSS, 52.04-95.48 mg/L for COD, 1.77-4.48 mg/L for TN, 0.29-0.54 mg/L for TP. The ranges of washed- off mass loading are $712.7-2,418.4mg/m^2$ for TSS and $684.1-1,779.6mg/m^2$ for COD.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.757-764
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• 2000

The investigation of water quality was performed at the upstream of Seomjinkang dam reservoir for the examination of pollutant load characteristics of the reservoir watershed during flood and normal flow periods. The highest water quality concentration was occurred at Y ongsan during normal flow period where it has been more polluted by population and livestock than other sites. Pollutant load varied depending on the sampling site, rainfall intensity and antecedent precipitation during the rainy period. Based on the water quality data measured from 1998 to 1999, the average concentration during rainy period was much higher than that of non~rainy period: BOD was 1.2~1.4 times, COD 1.2~1.7 times, SS 2.6~5.4 times, T-N 2.3~3.0 times, and T-P 2.4~7.5 times respectively. When the pollutant load measured during 7 different rainy periods in 1999 was compared with total pollutant load in 1999, the BOD and COD load measured during the 7 different rainy periods were 28% that is about 1.6 times as high as those of 1999. On the other hand, the rainfall amount measured during the 7 different rainy periods was about 17.5% of total rainfall amount in 1999. The total pollutant load of TN and TP measured during the 7 different rainy periods was almost 50% of total TN and TP loads in 1999. In case of SS, it was 72.8%. It was concluded that the inflow of pollutants into the lake during the rainy period held a high portion of total inflow in 1999. It was suggested that long~term water quality monitoring be performed to better quantity pollutant load to the lake especially during rainy periods.eriods.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.164-171
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to evaluate the load of nutrient from paddy fields. Water management practices that can reduce eutrophication and meet water quality requirements will also be addressed. Continuous monitoring from May to September in 2002 and 2003 was conducted for water quantification and qualification at the intensive paddy fields in Icheon, Gyunggi province of Korea. Water balance and concentration variation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water were independently compared for water quality assessment at each rice cultivation period. Rice land preparation and transplanting periods usually marked the highest water demand when compared to other periods of cultivation. Overall, a greater net irrigation ratio was observed during the transplanting period in 2002 (92.3%) and 2003 (87.2%). The measured total N loads of precipitation, irrigation, drainage, and percolation during the rice cultivation period were 9.9, 41.6, 22.1, and $5.5kg\;ha^{-1}$ for 2002 and 15.8, 55.4, 17.3, and $7.5kg\;ha^{-1}$ for 2003, respectively. The measured total P loads of precipitation, irrigation, drainage, and percolation during the rice cultivation period were 2.1, 13.0, 3.6, and $1.8kg\;ha^{-1}$ for 2002 and 1.6, 15.0, 5.0, and $1.2kg\;ha^{-1}$ for 2003, respectively. Daily nutrient load followed the pattern of surface drainage water, but this pattern was changed by rainfall events. The nutrient load in drainage water depends on rainfall and surface drainage water amount from the paddy fields. Interestingly, the load of total N and total P output was smaller than the input load due to the natural infiltration that Occurred during the rice cultivation period. It is concluded that the paddy fields have a beneficial effect on the ecosystem and can reduce eutrophication in the water.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.867-870
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• 2003

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2021

Due to rapid industrial development, population growth, and improvement of living standards, the amount of sewage and wastewater, including nutrients, is increasing every year. In addition to the increasing amount of sewage and wastewater generation, untreated linked treated water (manure, livestock manure, industrial wastewater, leachate, food waste) is also increasing, and many of the linked treated water flows directly into nearby sewage treatment plants. The associated treated water causes many problems because of its own characteristics, low flow rate with high concentration compared to existing inflow sewage. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to investigate the quantity and quality of the connected treated water whichh is flowed into the sewage treatment plant, and a study the effect on sewage treatment. Therefore, in this paper, we would like to examine the effect of the linked treated water. Seasonal effect associated with water pollution conditions was considered. In addition, a scenario was created through the distribution and inflow of connected treated water along with the water temperature conditions. Through scenario analysis, we intend to optimize the operating conditions of linked processing.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.60-70
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• 1998

Masan Bay is a typical enclosed coastal sea and receving body of discharges from Masan city and Changwon city. A POTW(Publicly Owned Treatment Works) started operation from November 1993 when the population of drainage area increased abcent 1.0 million and the effluent from this Plant has being discharged to the enclosed sea where is located at 15km distance from inner Masan Bay. Thus the inflow pattern to Masan Bay has been changed. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the relationship between urban wastewater discharge and water qualify change in a typical coastal zone. It is necessary a) to evaluate the change of input loadings, b) to determine the effect on water quality changes, and c) to find the respective importance of improvement options that must be controlled in the wastewater treatment plant. It was concluded that the sea water quality has being adversely affected by the discharge of insufficiently treated urban wastewater and the nutrient removal in wastewater treatment was very important and urgent.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.363-366
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• 2003

본 연구는 membrane bioreactor (MBR)을 질산화 위주로 운영하면서 질소폐수 처리 과정에서 나타나는 MBR의 운전특성 및 처리효율을 검토하고, 아울러 경제적인 질소처리 방법인 아질산화를 유도하기 위한 조건을 탐색하는 것이다. 반응기의 유효부피 8 L, 체류시간을 12시간으로 고정하고 유입폐수 중의 암모니아 농도를 증가시키는 방법으로 암모니아 부하를 $2\;kg/m^3{\cdot}day$까지 증가시켜 보았다. 운전 중반부에 이유를 명확히 알 수 없는 슬러지의 활성 저하 기간을 제외하고는 거의 98% 이상의 질산화 효율을 나타냈으며, 2 kg 이상의 암모니아 부하에서는 효율이 감소하였다. pH 조절, 유입수의 암모니아 농도 및 부하 조절에 의해 MBR 내의 free ammonia (FA) 농도를 변화시켜, FA 저해에 의한 유도한 아질산화는 매우 불안정하게 이루어졌다. 반면에, 공기 공급량을 변화시켜 반응기 내의 DO를 낮추는 방법으로 유도한 아질산 축적은 안정적인 경향을 보여 MBR에서 적절한 운전전략으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.1 s.93
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• pp.62-69
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• 2001

This study was investigated discharge and water quality for rainy days at the inflow streams (Gog-Kyo, Mu-Han, Sap-Kyo and Nam-Won) into Lake Sap-Kyo from June to November of 1999. The eventual aim of this study was to improve the water quality of Lake Sap-Kyo. Therefore, in order to reduce inflow pollutants loading into Lake Sap-Kyo, we investigated characteristics of stormwater runoff and estimated pollutant loading for the rainy season. The results of that Sap-Kyo stream is $5.75\;m^3/sec$ flow and influences water quantity of Lake Sap-Kyo greatly during the dry weather. Gog-Kyo stream influence to quantity of Lake Sap-Kyo greatly for the rainy days. Gog-Kyo stream and Sap-Kyo stream are $12.13\;m^3/sec$ and $8.49\;m^3/sec$, respectively. The reason is that the watershed area of Gog-Kyo stream is larger than other streams. When we prepare to plan management to improve the water quality of Lake Sap-Kyo, we have to consider that runoff characteristics by land use. Among the annual total pollutants loading inflow Lake Sap-Kyo, the ratio of non-point pollutants loading estimated that SS, BOD, T-N and T-P are 62%, 43%, 41% and 27%, respectively. Therefore, in order to improve water quality of Lake Sap-Kyo, we have to reduce non-point pollutants loading.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.233-241
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• 1993

This study was conducted to characterise the sidestream from municipal wastewater treatment plants and its effects on the main treatment process. The flow rates and waste strengthes from each unit processes were measured and analysed, and finally determined its characteristics through the mass balance techniques. A laboratory scale completely mixed activated sludge was operated at $20^{\circ}C$ and fed in pulse with the sidestream to simulate the actual operating conditions. The study results indicated that the flow rates of sidestream ranged from 1.2 to 1.8 percent of the influent flow. However, the organic and nutrient loading rates could be increased to about 20 to 30 percent at an average, but 40 to 70 percent at a peak condition. It appears that the impurities from the sidestreams were not easily settled and resulted in lower primary efficiency. Consequently, it increased the organic loading rates to the aeration tank and the efficiencies were decreased at least about 10 percent at an average in comparison to the ordinary condition without the sidestream. With the peak condition, the efficiencies could not reach more than 80 percent for the organic removal and 50 percent for the nitrification.