• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.145-150
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• 2003

A feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary complex probiotics on performance. egg qualities and intestinal microflora in laying hens. Three hundred twenty ISA Brown laying hens, 34 weeks of age, were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments containing 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4% complex probiotics for 12 weeks. There were four replicates per treament. Total egg production, soft and broken egg number tended to improve as dietary complex probiotics increased, but was not significantly different. Average egg weight was significantly higher in the 0.1% and 0.2% complex probiotics than the control(P<0.05). Daily egg mass also increased by adding complex probiotics compared to that of control, but was not statistically different. No significant difference was found in feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Eggshell breaking strength and thicknes were not significantly different, whereas yolk color was significantly lower in the supplemental 0.2% probiotics than the comtrol at 12 weeks of age(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in Haugh unit. Total number of cecum Lactobacillus and naerobes were significantly higher in the complex probiotics than control(p.0.05). However, the number of ileal Lactobacillus and naerobe were not significantly different. It was concluded that dietary complex probiotics could improve the egg weight and intestinal beneficial microbes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.164-173
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• 2015

To investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria on the heavy metal adsorption from internal organs and blood, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from human feces. Some strains resistant to heavy metals were selected by incubation in agar media containing each of chrome and cadmium salts. Among them, a strain named KP-3 was ultimately chosen due to its higher growth rate in selective broth medium containing the heavy metals at the concentration of 0.01%. The strain was identified as Lactobacillus sp. based on its morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics. For evaluating the ability to prevent accumulation of heavy metals by selected Lactobacillus sp. strain in vivo, Sprague Dawley rats were fed with heavy metal salts (cadmium, chrome and lead) with or without cultured whole cells for 7 days. The amounts of heavy metals accumulated in liver, kidney and blood were analyzed. As a result, chrome was accumulated to kidney mostly, and lead was frequently found in liver and kidney. Experimental group (rats fed with lactic acid bacteria) showed less accumulation of heavy metal than control group (rats fed with saline solution). The inhibition rates of heavy metal accumulation were calculated to 41.8% (Cd), 33.4% (Cr) and 44.2% (Pb). Especially, feeding lactic acid bacteria strongly reduced accumulation of cadmium in blood. The results showed that feeding Lactobacillus sp. KP-3 could prevent the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the living body.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.779-783
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• 2004

New food ingredient was developed to eradicate and protect against re-infection of Helicobacter pylori in fermentation broth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) showing antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms such as H. pylori and Listeria monocytogenes. LAB strain CBT SL4 was identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus by 16S rDNA sequencing and its culture broth showed antimicrobial activity of 800 AU/mL against H. pylori in optimized fermentation process. Using thin layer concentration system and spray-typed fluid bed drier system, concentrated powder product showing activity of 12,800 AU/g was harvested. Product showed eradication and protection activities against H. pylori infection on feeding test (50 AU/day) using Mongolian gerbil infection model. After 4 weeks therapy of 8,000 AU/day, ${\Delta}13CO_2$ level (DOB30) decreased about 40% in urea breath test on patient with H. pylori infection. Result show concentrated culture product of P. pentosaceus CBT SL4 has eradicating and protecting activities against H. pylori infection and can be used as food-active ingredient for prevention of gastric and duodenum ulcer caused by H. pylori.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.407-414
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• 2017

In order to identify an Convergence aerobic exercise's influence on obese female college students' Cardiorespiratory systems and arterial pulse wave Velocity, this study targeted female college students in D University in Y-gu, D-City, and selected total 26 ones having body fat percentage over 30% with no special disease in past and at present and no regular physical activity. After finally confirming their participation in this experiment by completely explaining the purpose of and contents of this experiment and getting the subjects' written contents to participate in the experiment, the investigator randomly arranged the subjects into the exercise group(N=13) and the control group(N=13) and conducted a 12-week aerobic exercise program to the exercise group this study got the following conclusion. First, concerning the body composition's change, the exercise group showed significant reduction in the weight, the body fat percentage, and the abdominal fat percentage. Second, for the respiratory & cardiovascular systems'change, the exercise group showed significant increase in the maximal oxygen uptake, the maximal heart rate, and the maximal breathing capacity. Third, for the arterial pulse wave Velocity's change, the exercise group showed significant reduction in the upper body(right and left hands) and lower body (right and left feet).

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2011

Purpose: Cytogenetic analysis of spontaneous abortions (SABs) provides valuable information to establish the causes of fetal loss, information that is essential to provide accurate reproductive and genetic counseling couples. Such analysis also provides information on the frequencies and types of chromosomal abnormalities and associated risks of recurrence. However, there have only been a few reports of chromosomal abnormalities in small samples of SABs in the Korean population. Here, we report the incidence and spectrum of chromosomal abnormalities for cases of 470 SAB in Korea. Material and Methods: Between 2005 and 2010, a total of 470 products of conception (POC) resulting from SABs were submitted to our laboratory for cytogenetic analysis from various medical sites in Korea. The incidences and types of specific chromosomal abnormalities were determined. The abnormalities were distinguished by gestational age at the time of SAB and by maternal age. Results: The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in POCs was 54.3% (255/470), including 228 (89.3%) numerical and 27 (10.7%: 3 balanced and 24 unbalanced) structural abnormalities. Among the numerical abnormalities, trisomy was predominant (67.0%), followed by monosomy X (12.5%), polyploidy (8.2%), triple X (0.8%), and autosomal monosomy (0.8%). The overall sex ratio (male: female) among the 470 POCs with normal and abnormal karyotypes were 0.58 and 0.65, respectively. Trisomies were identified for each autosome, with the exceptions of 1, 3, and 19. Among the 171 autosomal trisomies, trisomy 16 was the most common (19.9%), followed by trisomy 22 (13.5%), trisomy 21 (12.3 %), trisomy 15 (9.9%), and trisomies 18 and 13 (5.3%). The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities decreased with gestational age and increased with maternal age, but only because of increases in trisomies and complex abnormalities. Conclusions: We have presented a large collection of cytogenetic data for SABs collected during the past 6 years and provided a database for prenatal genetic counseling of parents who have experienced SABs in Korea.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.20 no.2 s.22
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• pp.322-330
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• 1987

The objectives of this study were to examine the changes of birth weight and relationship of birth weight with maternal age and parity. The study population included 13,634 single live births out of 14,346 births delivered at a general hospital in Busan between January 1, 1977 and December 31, 1956. Data were obtained from the delivery record. In 1979 the mean birth weight of male was 3,074 gm and that of female was 2,985 gm. In 1986 birth weight of male was increased to 3,266 gm and that of female to 3,210 gm. Low birth weight ($\leq$2,500 gm) incidence rate was 7.2% in 1977 and it was increased gradually to 10.4% in 1980 but decreased thereafter to 6.5% in 1986. Incidence rate of overweight infant (4,001 gm $\leq$) was 3.9% for 10 years and it ranged from 2.9% to 4.6% but no particular changing pattern was observed. The percentage of mothers who had history of induced abortion was decreased from 51.6% in 1979 to 45.1% in 1986. Also, stillbirth rate was decreased from 2.6% in 1977 to 1.5% in 1986. The proportion of the first and second births was increased from 55.4% in 1977 to 96.0% in 1986 and the proportion of mothers of 25-34 years increased from 72.1% in 1977 to 84.7% in 1986. The incidence rates of low birth weight and over weight infant are lower in the first and second births of 25-34 years old mothers than other parities and age groups. Increased mean birth weight and decreased low birht weight incidence rate indicate that the health status of newborn infants has been improved and substantial portion of these changes can be attributed to increase in family planning practice rate and delayed marriage. There is no evidence, however, for increasing incidence rate of overweight infant.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.84-95
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• 2011

2011년 IEEE 국제 정보 이론(ISIT) 심포지엄 (Symposium) 이 7월 31일부터 8월 5일까지 러시아 상트페테르부르크(St. Petersburg)에서 열렸다. 본 심포지엄에는 총 1,562편의 논문이 수락되어, 논문 수락율이 약 60%로 높지만, 최고 수준의 심포지엄으로, 1,500여명의 학자들이 참여했으며, 학문적으로 정보 이론의 핵심인 체비쇼프 다항식, 마코프 확률 연쇄, 콜모고로프 엔트로피, 페렐만의 푸앵카레 추측 증명 등, 학문의 원천 아이디어 발상에 대해 고찰하고, 최근 뜨거운 감자로 떠오른 극 부호(Po1ar code)를 간단히 소개했다. 또한, 우리 전통 문화 유산인 제주 정낭을 채널 부호의 관점에서 해석, 이에 따른 채널 용량을 구했고, 제주 정낭이 오늘날 중계망(Relay network)의 모태임을 증명했다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.269-276
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• 2009

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of increases of nutrient level of TMR on dry matter intake, digestibility, nitrogen and energy balance in growing dairy goats (Saanen). Twelve growing dairy goats weighing 17.5kg were randomly assigned to one of four TMRs; low energy-low crude protein (CP) TMR (control; A), high energy-low CP TMR (B), low energy-high CP TMR (C) and high energy-high CP TMR (D). The content of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and CP in the control diet were 67% and 11%. The TDN content of the high energy TMR was 73.7% and the CP content of the high CP TMR was 13%. Dry matter intake was highest in D, and significantly higher in B than in C (p<0.05). Digestibility for dry matter and cell contents increased in proportion to dry matter intake. NDF digestibility was higher in D than in A, while ADF digestibility was higher in A and C than in B, but was not significant. Digestible nitrogen, apparently digested nitrogen and retained nitrogen were correlated with intake, and significantly higher in B than in C (p<0.05). Digestible energy and metabolizable energy were highest in D, and significantly higher in B than in C (p<0.05). Therefore, the present results showed that D or B were better than C for high intake, digestibility, nitrogen and energy utilization.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 1997.06b
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• pp.15-17
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• 1997

암 발생의 원인 중 80% 이상이 식사습관과 환경오염에 있는 것으로 인정되고 있다. 음식물, 담배, 술, 대기오염, 스트레스, 자외선이 그 대표적인 원인물질로 꼽을 수 있으며 그 중에서도 매일 섭취하는 음식물이 가장 중요한 발암요인으로 지적되고 있다. 대장암과 유방암의 발생에 대한 Wynder 등의 역학조사에서도 식사습관이 암 발생에 중요함을 시사 하고 있다. 동물성 단백질과 지방의 다량 섭취가 대장암과 유방암의 발생을 증가 시키고 섬유질이 풍부한 곡류와 야채의 섭취는 대장암 발생을 억제한다는 상관관계가 밝혀졌다. 그러나 우리가 늘 섭취하는 음식물 자체는 대장암과 유방암을 유발하는 기능이 거의 없다. 섭취된 음식물이 암을 일으키려면 장내 부패 미생물의 분해작용에 의하여 발암물질로 변환되는 과정이 필요하다. 그 발암물질들이 장관으로 흡수 자극함으로써 암을 유발할 수 있다. 반대로 일부장내 미생물들은 장내 발암물질들을 무독화 하거나 숙주의 면역기능을 증강 시킴으로써 암 발생을 억제할 수도 있다는 사실을 간과해서는 안 될 것이다. Mitsuoka는 장내 미생물이 암을 유발하는 중요한 요인이라고 강조하였다. Veer 등은 유산균 발효유를 많이 섭취하면 유방암 발생이 억제됨을, 국제암연구위원회는 섬유질을 많이 섭취하고 있는 핀란드 쿠피오의 거주자들에게는 덴마크의 코펜하겐에 거주하는 사람들에 비하여 대장암 발생율이 1/4에 불과하고 분변내 유산간균수는 100배 높은 사실을 역학조사에서 밝혔다. 이 외에 유산균과 발효유제품의 항암효과에 대한 실험결과들이 많이 발표되었다. 여기에서는 유산균의 항암효과에 대한 지금까지의 관련 자료들을 요약, 정리하여 고찰하고자 한다.높은 당 함량을 나타냈으며, T-AS는 70.3%의 당과 7.8%의 단백질로 구성 되었다. GLG 대부분의 분획들은 60~93%의 glucose로 구성된 다당류 이었으며, 주로 $\beta$-glucose로 구성된 다당류 이었다. 아미노산은 Asp 및 Glu의 산성 아미노산과 Ala, Leu 등의 함량이 높게 나타났으며, 비알칼리 추출물에서 Ser과 Thr의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 다당류 T-AS는 평균 분자량이 2,000 kD와 12kD에서 주 peak를 나타냈으며, 수용성 분획의 평균 분자량은 12kD이고 비수용성 분획은 36~2,000 kD의 평균 분자량 분포를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. IR과 NMR 분석 결과 890 cm-1에서 흡수 peak를 나타내어 $\beta$-(1,3)0glucan과 $\beta$-(1,6)-glucan의 구조를 갖는 다당류로 확인 되었다. T-AS 분획은 C:H:O:N의 함량비가 38.9:5.7:49.6:1.84%이며, 이 물질의 융점은 163 $^{\circ}C$로 연한 갈색을 나타낸다. 분리된 GLG의 항암활성 기전 규명을 위해, in vivo 항암실험, 항보체 활성능, 항체 생성능, serum protein 분비능, 대식세포의 탐식능과 활성능 및 세포간 물질 분비 등의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 다당류 GLG 분획물들 가운데 항보체의 활성이 높았던 분획은 sarcome 180에 대한 항암 활성이 높게 나타났다. 다당류 T-AS의 보체 활성화 기작은 classical과 alternative complement pathway의 양 경로를 통해 활성화 되었다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.11
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• pp.183-190
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• 2012

Conventional physical activity monitoring systems, which use accelerometers, global positioning system (GPS), heartbeats, or body temperature information, showed limited performances due to their own restrictions on measurement environment and measurable activity types. To overcome these limitations, we developed a portable exercise analysis system that can analyze aerobic exercises as well as isotonic exercises. For bioelectric signal acquisition during exercise, waist belt with two body contact electrodes was used. For exercise analysis, the measured signals were firstly divided into two signal groups with different frequency ranges which can represent respiration related signal and muscular motion related signal, respectively. After then, power values, differential of power values, and median frequency values were selected for feature values. Selected features were used as inputs of support vector machine (SVM) to classify the exercise types. For verification of statistical significance, ANOVA and multiple comparison test were performed. The experimental results showed 100% accuracy for classification of aerobic exercise and isotonic resistance exercise. Also, classification of aerobic exercise, isotonic resistance exercise, and hybrid types of exercise revealed 92.7% of accuracy.