• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2005

1. Objectives This study is purposed to find Lee Je-Ma's thoughts and intention proposed in the ${\ulcorner}$Gyukchigo격치고(格致藁) . 유략(儒略)${\lrcorner}$2. Methods It was researched through comparative and overall study on ${\ulcorner}$Gyukchigo격치고(格致藁) . 유략(儒略)${\lrcorner}$ 3. Results and Conclusions (1) On the assumption of Affairs. Mind. Body' Objects 사심신물(事心身物 ) as the principle of existence and correlation, there are basic dualistic structure such as 'Il(一)' (individual level) and 'Man만(萬)' (universal level) for explanation of ${\ulcorner}$Gyukchigo격치고(格致藁) . 유략(儒略)${\lrcorner}$ (2) Human who easily have individual inclination of mind(private . dissoluteness' idleness' desire) and wickedness (stinginess. extravagance' idleness' fraud) are the being making invidual ethics of behavior by earnestness' intelligence. capability . diligence성혜능동(誠慧能動) and universal ethics by Wisdom' Propriety. Justice. Humanity 지례의인(智禮義仁) through devotion' right . practice' concentration of mind' heart . body . power. (3) Human in the world having individual immanent psychological four element의려담지(意慮擔志) and universal exptessinal 외 four element청시언모(聽視言貌) are under a bias toward wickedness because of inclination of mind. So extending of individual ethics of behavior and completion of universal ethics are essential and indispensable (4) The final aim of human being in the universe is bringing universal ethics of behavior(Wisdom . Propriety' Justice. Humanity청시언모(智禮義仁) to perfection. (5) Devotion right practice concentration성정수일(誠正修一) of mind heart body power의심신력(意心身力) are developmental notions of earn emestness intelligence capability diligence성혜능동(誠慧能動), essential individual for living in the world, and preceding element for moral edification, social behavior and administration of the state.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-65
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• 1991

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-51
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• 1992

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 1995

A numerical study for a two dimensional multi-impingement jet with crossflow of the spent fluid has been carried out. To study the flow characteristics especially in the jet flow region, three different distributions of mass flow rate at 5-jet exits were assumed. For each distribution, various Reynolds numbers ranging from laminar to turbulent flows were considered. Calculations drew the following items as conclusion. 1) A periodical fully developed flow was observed from the third protrusion. This was also observed from previous experimentally by Whidden at al. The Nessult number at the protrusion surface increased mildly as going downstream. 2) The low Reynolds number turbulence model of Launder and Sharma was found to be adequate for the prediction of fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of two dimensional multi-jet configuration. 3) The Nusselt number at the protrusion surface was nearly proportional to the square root of the Reynolds number.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 1995

A numerical study for a two dimensional multi-jet with crossflow of the spent fluid has been carried out. Three different distributions of mass-flow rate at 5 jet exits were assumed to see their effects upon the flow characteristics, especially in the jet-flow region. For each distribution, various Reynolds numbers ranging from laminar to turbulent flows were considered. Calculations drew the following items as conclusion. 1) The development of the free jets issued from downstream jets was hindered by the crossflow formed due to jets. Consequently, the free jet was developed into the channel flow without any evident symptom of impingement jet flow characteristics 2) The crossflow induced the pressure gradient along the cross section of jet exits and the value of the pressure gradient increased as going downstream. The crossflow generated also the turbulent kinetic energy as it collied with the downstream jets. 3) The skin friction coefficient along the impingement plate was affected more by the distribution of mass flow rate at jet exits rather than by the Reynolds number. The skin friction coefficient was inversely proportional to the square root of the Reynolds number, regardless of flow regime when a fully developed flow was formed in the jet flow region. 4) The distribution of the skin friction coefficient along the impingement plate was found to be controlled by adjusting the distribution of mass flow rate at jet exits.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.57-74
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• 1996

Donguisusaebowon, Kogchigo are wrritten by Dong-Mu. Dokhaengpyun of the Kogchigo has philosophy of Dong-Mu about Gi-In. In order to understand constitutional medicine of Dong-Mu, it is necessary to study about Bi-Bak-Tam-Ra'Ja(four types of man) in Dokhaengpyun. The results are summarized as follows : 1. In Dokhaengpyu, it is defined that In-Eui-Ye-JI - the nature of human - as In-Ja, Eui-Ja, Ye-Ja, Ji-Ja. This attribute is composed of Chung-Sin-Ip-Yong. We can know that this concept, that is Chung-Sin-Yeum-Hae'Ja, is relative to the Bi-Bak-Tam-Ra'Ja. 2. We can think and infer the relation of Sabujisim of Myeng-Ja and Bi-Bak-Tam-Ra'Ja from Bi-Bak-Tam-Ra'Bu that is attribute of In-Eui-Ye-ji'Ja. Bi-Bak-Tam-Ra'Ja can approach the behavior of Chung-Sin-Yeum-Hae'Ja, if they heard the attitude of YouHaHye and BaelYi which they have attribute of In-Eui-Ye-Ji'Ja. 3. They explain Tthat Bi-Bak-Tam-Ra-Jisim is quoted from SaBuJiSim of Dahak. Thinking that Bi-Bak-Tam-Ra-Jisim of Dokaengpyun and SaBujiSim of YuRiak, we know that there is no rule. So, it is difficult that we can infer the Simyok and make some pattern. 4. The relationship of Bi-Bak-Tam-Ra'Ja and In-Eui-Ye-Ji are different from the relationship of Dokhaegpyun, Sadanron, In-Eui-Ye-Ji of YuRiak and Bi-Bak-Tam-Ra'Ja. If we regard the In-Eui-Ye-Ji Sadan as the nature of human, many attritude can be possible and it may be different that apply a Sadan to the proper time and environment. Therefore, we have to be accepted change, as applying method than fixing idea.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.580-584
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• 2001

We have investigated the deposition characteristics of Ti-Si-N films obtained by rf magnetron sputtering with ratios of Ti/Si targets in an $Ar/N_2$ gas mixture. The growth rate and stoichiometry dependence of the Ti-Si-N films on the ratio of Ti/Si and $N_2$ flow rate ratio were found to be due to the different nitriding rate of Ti and Si targets. Additionally, their different sputtering yield of nitrified Ti and Si make a reason as well. Lowering Si content in the film favored the formation of crystalline TiN, leading to the low resistivity. Increasing N content led to the Ti-Si-N films having a higher density and compressive stress, suggesting that the N content in the film is one of the most important factors determining the diffusion barrier characteristics. In the current work, the optimum process conditions for the formation of efficient diffusion barrier of Ti-Si-N film has successfully obtained by manipulating the Ti/Si ratio of target and $N_2$ flow rate ratio.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2000

Experimental investigations on the removal of protein, total suspended solids and turbidity from aquacultural water were carried out by using three types of foam separator: counter current air driven type foam separator (CCADFS), high speed aeration type foam separator (HSAFS) and venturi type foam separator (VFS). The decrease of flow rate by CCADFS, HSAFS and VFS were $0.4,\;66.1,\;77.2 {\%}$ respectively. Protein removal rates by three types foam separator were decreased with the increased hydraulic residence time (HRT). Bellw 0.32 minute and 0.21 minute of hydraulic residence times, protein removal rate of HSAFS and YES was higher than that of CCADFS, respectively. Protein removal rate of VFS was lower than that of HSAFS at any HRT. As increasing the HRT, protein removal efficiency of CCADFS was increased, but that of HSAFS and VES were decreased. The changes of removal rates and efficiencies of total suspended solid and turbidity were similar to proteins.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.27-38
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• 1999

This study is carried out to investigate the concepts of Stay Practice Meet Manage come out of and to compare with Stay Practice Perceive Manage come out of . Through this study, several important views and understandings could be proposed as follows. 1. Stay means stay at home with Doing homeworks or any other concrete things in his best and most righteous way as possible. And there's needed virtue of diligence. 2. Practice means do good one's behavior or don't violate etiquette. And there's needed virtue of ability. 3. Meet means meet with a lot of people and put them to rights or encourage them in their goodness in the course of acquaintance. And there's needed virtue of wisdom. 4. Manage means manage business or affairs changing from time to time, that is, decide and solve the complicated affair timely. And there's needed virtue of sincerity. 5. Perceive is substituted to meet simply. The reason why mind is substituted to people. 6. The abstract and philosophical conception of Mind Body Business Things can have vivid and practical meanings by intervention of intermediary being, People Ego Heaven Earth. As for Dongmoo, 4 items of Stay Practice Meet Manage are the aims and methods to accomplish the Confucian's utopia tilled with righteousness.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-61
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• 1999

The purpose of this article is to investigate Lee Je-rna'os viewpoint of Morpho-Image. In the first place, I will define the viewpoint of Morpho-Image as the the structure of recognition and study it through bibliographic study on Lee Je-ma's work. The conclusions summarized as follows; 1. The structure of recognition, represented in "Gyukchigo(格致藁)" "Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobonkyon(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷)", is based on Taigi(太極), Liangyi(兩儀), Sasang(四象). There are the mind of Taigi(太極), the mind of Liangyi(兩儀) separated from Taigi(太極), the mind of Sasang(四象) separated from Liangyi(兩儀). The mind of Taigi(太極) is the mind of center, the mind of Liangyi(兩儀) is the mind of the mind and body(or the wisdom and action). Two axis, the mind(or wisdom) and the body(or action), cross and make Sasang(四象), affair-mind-body-object which classifies all affairs and objects of humans, society, and the universe as four types. 2. Lee Je-ma summarized everything in view of Sasang(四象), Sasang(四象) in view of Liangyi(兩儀), Liangyi(兩儀) in view of Taigi(太極). 3. The procedure of recognition above is described in , , . Such is transformed in terms of human body and described in .