• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.154-163
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• 1999

A multiresidue method(MRM) for pesticides must be rapid and must test a wide variety of pesticides at relevant toxicological concentrations. In this study, three kinds of major analytical methods such as Korean Food Code Method, CDFA MRM, and Holstege's method are tested to compare the average recoveries, solvent consumption, and required time for the analysis of 18 organochlorines, 18 organophosphates, and 6 carbamates in spinach samples. Samples for pesticides analysis were extracted and cleaned up according to the respective methods and detected by gas chromatography with selective detectors, ECD and NPD, HPLC with postcolumn reaction system(PCRS). Average recovery of 42 pesticides by Korean Food Code method, CDFA method, and Holstege's method were 91.3%, 88.1%, 89.0%, respectively. Amount of solvent consumption and required time for the analysis of Korean Food Code method were from two and a half times to three times as much as those of another two methods. For the development and legal application of more rapid and effective MRMs, prolonged study is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 1983

Principle of steam distillation has been successfully applied to the routine extraction of organochlorine pesticide residues from soil samples. Recovery of 8 organochlorine insecticides was found consistent and also comparable to that of conventional solvent extraction method. Recoveries of ${\alpha}-BHC$ and heptachlor was, however, rather poor at 47 and 45% respectively. The steam distillation method offers added advantages such as economy in time and costly solvents.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.128-137
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to set up the analytical method of new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as chlordecone, endosulfan, ${\alpha}$-HCH, ${\beta}$-HCH, ${\gamma}$-HCH. The analytical methods for these compounds listed as new POPs by the Stockholm Convention need to be newly established. Therefore, we proposed the analytical method for 5 organic chlorinated pesticides (OCPs) and then applied the analytical method to environmental samples. To do this, the pre-treatment such as florisil and activated carbon cleanup process in the Korean official method for classic POPs had been reviewed. All of compounds except chlordecone were pre-treated simultaneously with reviewed cleanup process and detected by GC/MS and HRGC/HRMS respectively. There is a problem that chlordecone could not get a high sensitivity by GC analysis, but in this study GC/MS method was proposed.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.477-480
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• 2003

Pesticides were extracted from samples with 70% acetone and methylene chloride in order, and then cleaned up via open-column chromatography apparatus packed with florisil, and finally analyzed simultaneously the organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides using GC(ECD). An ultra-2 fused silica capillary column was used to separate and identify the products. The resolution between the last isomeric peak of cypermethrin(59.987min) and the first isomeric peak of flucythrinate(60.043min) was not satisfactory. The last isomeric peak of fenvalerate(62.344min) and the first isomeric peak of fluvalinate(62.397min) were overlapped. Recoveries of soybean sample fer the most pesticides were 73.3% to 102.4%. Detection limits were between 0.004 and 0.063 ${\mu}$g/mg when this method was used.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.113-116
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• 2002

UV/과산화수소법을 적용하여 유기염소계 농약인 chlorothalonil을 분해하는 공정에 있어서 광화학 반응의 효율을 증대시키는 방안으로 과산화수소와 옥살산염의 최적 주입농도를 선정하여 그 제거효율을 비교하였다. 그 결과 UV조사시 과산화수소의 농도가 100ppm일 때 일차반응속도 상수(k)가 0.0869로 가장 높게 나타났으며 옥살산염에서는 1mM일 때 0.1782로 높게 나타남으로써 과산화수소와 옥살산염의 최적 농도를 산출할 수가 있었다. 최적 과산화수소와 옥살산염을 조합하여 UV조사시 반응속도 상수값(k)이 0.1893으로 UV/옥살산염보다도 분해속도가 빠르게 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.82-93
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• 1982

The use pattern and survey data on the residue levels of organochlorine insecticides in Korea were summarized. On the basis of available data on food consumption and residue levels, the daily intake of the pesticide chemicals by average Korean adults were calculated to give $13.77\;{\mu}g$ of total BHC, $2.45\;{\mu}g$ of total DDT and $4.06\;{\mu}g$ of heptachlor and its epoxide. These intake levels were compared with the acceptable daily intake proposed by FAO/WHO and values obtained in other countries. It was then proposed to undertake a total diet study on pesticide chemicals for the sake of food safety assurrance and reasonable regulation of pesticides for food production in this country.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 1985

Residue levels of 10 kinds of organochlorine insectides in/on garlic produced in Chungnam area during $1982{\sim}1983$ were investigated. Residue levels ranged in $trace{\sim}0.004 ppm$ (aver. 0.002 ppm) for ${\alpha}-BHC$, $0.015{\sim}0.176 ppm$ (aver. 0.083 ppm) for ${\gamma}-BHC$, $0.001{\sim}0.008 ppm$ (aver. 0.005 ppm) for heptachlor, ND(not detected) ${\sim}0.006 ppm$ (aver. 0.003 ppm) for aldrin, $trace{\sim}0.011 ppm$(aver. 0.003 ppm) for ${\alpha}-endosulfan$, $ND{\sim}0.004 ppm$ (aver. 0.001 ppm) for heptachlor epoxide, $trace{\sim}0.002 ppm$(aver. 0.001 ppm) for dieldrin, $trace{\sim}0.008 ppm$(aver. 0.001 ppm) for ${\beta}-endosulfan$, and trace for p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 1986

After selecting four places in the main shellfish habitat, 118 items of the sample were collected in the mud flat from August to October in 1983, in order to analyze organochlorine pesticide residues by a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. The results obtained were summarized as follows; ${\alpha}-BHC,\;{\gamma}-BHC\;&\;PCNB,\;heptachlor,\;{\gamma}-endosulfan,\;{\beta}-endosulfan,$ p, p'-DDE, dieldrin, o, p'-DDT and p, p'-DDT were detected in the range from 2 to 98 percent and their levels of mean residues ranged from trace to 0.041ppm, in the order of ${\gamma}-BHC\;&\;PCNB,\;{\alpha}-BHC,\;heptachlor{\approx}{\alpha}-endosulfan{\approx}p, p`-DDE{\approx}dieldrin{\approx}{\beta}-endosulfan{\approx}$o, p'-DDT, and p, p'-DDT. The mean of total residues in regions was Kangjin(0.058ppm), Kwangyang(0.080ppm), Yoch'on (0.016ppm), and Yonggwang(0.75ppm). ${\gamma}-BHC\;&\;PCNB$ peak were separated by column packed with DC-200. PCNB was identified by making a PCA(pentachloroaniline), the reduced derivative of PCNB, and this confirmed that PCNB residues were detected in the soil sample.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Although a global ban on the use of endosulfan, an organochloline insecticide, has taken effect in mid-2012, it has been still used in several countries, including India and China, and detected in diverse environments in the world due to its relative persistence and semi-volatility. In this study, the effect of endosulfan on soil bacterial community was investigated using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing method. When endosulfan was applied to an upland soil at a rate of 100 mg/kg soil (ES soil), the number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) and diversity indices for bacteria initially decreased and gradually recovered to the level of the non-treated soil (NT soil) during an eight-week incubation period. At bacterial phylum level, relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were higher while those of Chloroflexi and Spirochaetes were lower in the ES soil than in the NT soil, suggesting that an endosulfan application affects the bacterial community structure in soil. In the ES soil, the relative abundances of the OTUs affiliated to the genera Sphingomonas and Burkholderia increased in the initial period of incubation while those affiliated to the genera Pseudonocardia and Opitutus increased in the late period of incubation. Because the first three genera contain bacterial strains reported to degrade endosulfan, they are expected to be involved in the degradation of endosulfan, probably one after another.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.210-214
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• 2003

Pesticide residues in some vegetables collected at Noeun wholesale market in Daejeon were surveyed and assessed their risk. In 100 samples, the detection rate of pesticide was 46.0% and the rate exceed MRL was 6.0%. Commodities showing high detection rate were lettuce(85.0%), perilla leaf(80.0%) and cucumber(60.0%). Dicarboximide, organochlorine, and azole fungicides and organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides were detected. Detection frequency of pesticide was in the order of procymidone, chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, cypermethrin and EPN. When the estimated intake amount of the pesticides were compared with ADI to assess their risk, bitertanol, triflumizole and iprobenphos in perilla leaf were higher rate than the other vegetables. However the total amounts of intake of pesticides were estimated to less than 0.46% of ADI.