• Title/Summary/Keyword: 유기점토

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A Study of Intercalations-complex of Montmorillonite as Model-system (V) (Model-System으로서의 몬트모릴로나이트의 층간화합물에 한 연구(V))

  • Sung-Jun Cho
    • The Journal of Engineering Research
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.119-124
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    • 2004
  • In this research montmorillonite intercalations complexes as organophilic clay compounds which have very different properties as the starting clay mineral were synthesized by the substitution of metal ions which exist in the montmorillonite layers with the organic cations which have long alkyl chain by the cation exchange reaction. Thereafter the obtained products dried in high vacuum were treated with the various swelling liquids such as dist. water, methanol, acetone, ether and acetonitrile in order to know the swelling behaviour of the synthesized complexes. Especially for this research Korean and Turkish clays were selected to compare the intercalations complexes of both clays and their swelling behaviour.

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Enhanced Migration of Gasohol Fuels in Clay Soils and Sediments (Gasoline-ethanol(Gasohol)혼합액의 점토층 내 이동에 대한 연구)

  • Hee-Chul Choi;W.M. Stallard;Kwang-Soo Kim;In-Soo Kim
    • Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.67-79
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    • 1996
  • Clay soils typically have low hydraulic conductivities in the presence of high polarity pore fluid, such as water. Low polarity fluids, such as hydrocarbon fuels and halogenated organic solvents, typically cannot migrate into clay pores because they cannot displace the pore water. Oxygenated additives in gasoline, such as alcohols and methyl-tert-butyl ether, are increasingly used to control air pollution emissions. These relatively polar and highly water-soluble compounds may facilitate displacement of pore water and enhance migration of fuels and solvents through clay-rich soil strata. In the reported research, the migration of gasoline-alcohol fuel mixtures (gasohol) through consolidated clay was examined. Prepared kaolinite clay samples were consolidated from slurry, and various combinations of gasoline, alcohol, and water were applied to the clays under 152 Pa gauge pressure. Movement of the fluids into the clay samples was monitored by measur ing displaced pore fluid and by magnetic resonance imaging of the samples. The structures of selected samples were examined using environmental scanning electron microscopy. Results of the research suggest that alcohol added to hydrocarbon fuels can enhance migration through some clays significantly. Gasoline did not migrate appreciably into water saturated clay, even after 14 days under pressure. The gasohol mixture migrated readily into the clay in only 20 minutes. Increased hydraulic conductivity of the clay in the presence of gasohol is hypothesized to be due to the collapse of the clays pore structure when ethanol is present, creating larger pores. Increasing pore diameter decreases the capillary pressure needed for the gasohol to replace water and allows gasohol to migrate through the clay.

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Polyester Nanocomposite Fibers with Organoclay; Thermo-Mechanical Properties and Morphology of PBT, PET, and PTT (유기화 점토를 이용한 폴리에스테르 나노복합체 섬유; PBT, PET, 그리고 PTT의 열적-기계적 성질 및 모폴로지)

  • Kim Sung Jong;Mun Mu Kyung;Chang Jin-Hae
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.190-197
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    • 2005
  • Nanocomposites of three different polyesters with dodecyltriphenylphosphonium-montmorillonite $(C_{12}PPh-MMT)$ as an organoclay are compared with their thermal properties, mechanical properties, and morphologies. Poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) were used as matrix polymers in the fabrication of polyester nanocomposite fibers. The variations of their properties with organoclay content in the polymer matrix and draw ratio (DR) are discussed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs show that some of the clay layers are dispersed homogeneously within the polymer matrix on the nano-scale, although some clay particles are agglomerated. We also found that the addition of only a small amount of organoclay is enough to improve the thermal stabilities and mechanical properties of the polyester nanocomposite fibers. Even polymers with low organoclay contents $(<5\;wt\%)$ were found to exhibit much higher strength and modulus values than pure polyester fibers. In the cases of all polyester hybrid fibers, the values of the tensile mechanical properties were found to decrease linearly with increasing DR. However, the initial tensile modulus of the PTT hybrid fibers were found to be independent of DR.

Comparison of the Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Nanocomposites with Various Fillers: Organoclay, Functionalized Graphene, or Organoclay/Functionalized Graphene Complex (유기화 점토, 작용기화 그래핀 및 유기화 점토/작용기화 그래핀 복합체 등의 필러를 사용한 Poly(lactic acid) 나노 복합체의 물성 비교)

  • Kwon, Kidae;Chang, Jin-Hae
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.232-239
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    • 2014
  • Poly(lactic acid)(PLA) nanocomposites containing various nanofillers were synthesized using the solution intercalation method. Organically modified bentonite clay (NSE), octadecylamine-graphene oxide (ODA-GO), and an NSE/ODA-GO complex were utilized as nanofillers in the fabrication of PLA hybrid films. PLA hybrid films with varying nanofiller contents in the range of 0-10 wt% were examined and compared in terms of their thermomechanical properties, morphologies, and oxygen permeabilities. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that most of the NSE and ODA-GO nanofillers were dispersed homogeneously throughout the PLA matrix on the nanoscale, although some agglomerate NSE/ODA-GO complex particles were also formed. Among the three nanofillers for PLA hybrid films, the NSE/ODA-GO complex showed the best improvement in film thermal stability. In contrast, NSE and ODA-GO exhibited the best improvement in tensile mechanical properties and oxygen barrier properties of the PLA hybrid films, respectively.

Adsorption removal of p-xylene by organo-clays (유기점토를 이용한 p-자일렌 흡착 제거)

  • Cho, Yunchul;Kim, Taesung;Han, Sunkee;Lee, Chaeyoung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.747-756
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate adsorption characteristics of organo-clays for removal of p-xylene. As part of efforts to examine the adsorption capacities of some organo-clays for p-xylene, batch isotherm tests were carried out. Organo-clay minerals were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions using Na-montmorillonite as host clay and dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DMDA) bromide and benzyldimethyldodecylammonium (BDDA) chloride as organic surfactants, respectively. All synthetic organo-clay minerals were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The modification using dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DMDA) bromide showed the higher adsorption ability for p-xylene than benzyldimethyldodecylammonium (BDDA) chloride. On the other hand, the maximum adsorption capacity, $Q_{max}$ of DMDA modified montmorillonite estimated by Langmuir model was 27.0 mg/g, which was the higher value than other organo-clays.

Effect of Metal Ion on the Bentonite Modified with Cationic Surfactant (양이온성 계면활성제를 이용한 유기 벤토나이트의 합성시 금속 이온의 첨가 영향)

  • Kim, Soo-Hong;Park, Jae-Woo
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.26 no.6B
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    • pp.677-682
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    • 2006
  • Dodecyldimethylethylammonium (DDDEA), a cationic surfactant, and aluminum metal ions were used with bentonite to synthesize to synthesize an improved organo bentonite. Among three different synthesis procedure for organo bentonites, aluminium-pillared bentonite showed the highest DDDEA sorption, which indicated that aluminium-pillared organo bentonite would exhibit the highest sorption capacity for organic contaminants. Aluminium pillared organo bentonite also showed a high sorption capability for phosphorus, while it did not exhibit strong sorption for nitrate. In the meantime, more desorption was observed with aluminium-pillared organo bentonite than ordinary organo bentonites.

A Study on Contaminant Sorption Capacity of Soil Liner for Seashore Waste Landfill by Using Column Test Apparatus (주상시험장치를 이용한 해안 폐기물 매립장 지반토지 오염물 흡착능에 관한 연구)

  • Jang, Yeon-Su;Han, Seong-Gil;Kim, Su-Sam
    • Geotechnical Engineering
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.75-84
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    • 1997
  • In this paper, the retardation capacity of marine clay and weathered soil of seashore waste landfill is analyzed by using a laboratory column apparatus for organic and inorganic components which can represent the components of the leachate of municipal waste landfill. The results show that sorption capacity marine clay for potassium is larger than that of weathered soil. Lead and cadmium are adsorbed completely at concentrations higher than the real concentrations developed in the landfill. The bottom soils of seashore landfill can also retard some nondegradable components of organics although their sorption capacities for organics were less than those for inorganics.

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A Study on the Sorption Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydro-carbons(PAHs) and Cadmium by Organoclays (유기점토에 의한 다환방향족 탄화수소와 카드뮴의 흡착특성 연구)

  • Seung Yeop Lee;Soo Jin Kim
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.171-176
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    • 2003
  • The fate and behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and heavy metals in the environment are mainly controlled by their interactions with various components of soils and sediments. Due to their large surface area and abundance in many soils, smectites may greatly influence the fate and transport of the contaminants. In our experiment, PAH sorption by hexadecyltimethylammonium(HDTMA)-modified smectite linearly increased in proportion to the amount of HDTMA added on the clay. However, trimethylammonium(TMA)-modified smectite did not show superiority in its sorption of PAH compared with the HDTMA-smectite or dodecyltrimethylammonium(DTMA)- smectite. Meanwhile, the smectites modified with the same cationic surfactants adsorbed Cd$^{2+}$(heavy metal) significantly from water at low surfactant loading level, but the Cd$^{2+}$ adsorption linearly decreased as the loading of surfactant increased. The result shows that the sorption tendency of organoclays for organic or inorganic contaminants was significantly influenced by the amount and size of the surfactants added on the clay. This reveals that the stabilization and configuration of cationic surfactant formed on the clay interlayer of different sizes may be an important factor in controlling the sorptive capacity of each pollutant in the environment.

Applied Mineralogy for the Conservation of Dinosaur Tracks in the Goseong Interchange Area (35번 고속도로 고성 교차로 지역 공룡발자국의 보존을 위한 응용광물학적 연구)

  • Jeong Gi Young;Kim Soo Jin
    • Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.189-199
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    • 2004
  • Cretaceous sedimentary rocks bearing dinosaur tracks in the Goseong interchange area were studied for their conservation and public display in the aspect of applied mineralogy. Black clay layers alternate with silt layers in the sedimentary rocks. The verical and horizontal fissures are commonly filled with calcite veinlets, supergenetic iron and manganese oxides. The rocks are composed of quartz, albite, K-feldspar, calcite, chlorite, illite, muscovite, and biotite, with minor apatite and rutile. Silt layers are relatively rich in calcite and albite, whereas clay layers are abundant in quartz, illite, and chlorite. Al, Fe, Mg, K, Ti, and P are enriched in the clay layers, while Ca, Na, and Mn in silt. Most of trace elements including V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cs, Zr, REE, Th, and U are enriched in clay layers. Inorganic carbon are present in silt layers as calcite, while organic carbon in black clay layers. The black clay layers were partly altered to yellow clay layers along the fissures, simultaneously with the decrease of organic carbon. Selective exfoliation of clay-rich black and yellow clay layers, calcite matrix of silt layers and calcite infillings of fissures are estimated as the major weakness potentially promoting chemical and physical degradation of the track-bearing rock specimens.