• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.78-89
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• 2021

Organic residues analysis is an analysis method that reveals the types of organic material samples by using the characteristic that main components constituting substances are different depending on the species of animals and plants. In this study, scientific analysis of the organic residues attached to wood coffins in the Joseon Dynasty Hoemyo excavated from the site of Singok-dong, Uijeongbu was used to identify the types of remnants and to use them as information to restore the uses of organic materials and the way they lived in the past. As a result of FT-IR analysis of the residue attached to the inside of the wood, it was estimated to be a natural plant resin material. In addition, as a result of analysis by GC-MS to confirm the characteristic factors of natural resins, diterpenoids (abietane) and pimaran (pimarane), such as dehydroabietic acid and pimaric acid (diterpenoid) compounds, and saturated and unsaturated fatty acid components were detected together. Diterpenoid compounds are components mainly found in Pinaceae resins. It is confirmed in the literature that rosin, a representative material of Pinaceae resin, was used as an adhesive material. Considering the situation where an organic material remained at the joint of the wood, the organic material attached to the wood is judged to be an adhesive material made of Pinaceae resin. In addition, the fatty acid component detected together is a component derived from plant oil, and it is presumed to be made by mixing rosin and oil as recorded in previous studies. This study confirms that organic residues remain in the burial environment without losing their characteristics. It is expected that scientific analysis of organic residues will be conducted in the future to accumulate information necessary for the interpretation of past living culture.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1 s.129
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• pp.77-86
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• 2005

In order to investigate the ability of log wood for oak mushroom production as a source of an alternative energy, both chemical and physical characteristics of log wood were investigated according to the cultivation periods. Also, both chemical and physical characteristics of material that treated by steam explosion were investigated to confirm the pretreatment effect by remaining enzyme as a control. The contents of ash, water-, alkali- and organic soluble extracts have been increased after the inoculation. It appeard that holocellulose contents substantially decreased and the contents of lignin as another main component of wood remained constant after the inoculation. However this result implied that indeed, a sufficient amount of lignin has been degraded paritially by enzymes of oak mushroom Lentinus edodes if we consider that the amount of holocelulose was substantially reduced. It also indicated that the degree of degradation gradually progressed but crystallinity decreased after the inoculation. The contents of water-, alkali- and organic soluble extracts have been increased by steam explosion. Holocellulose contents increased within narrow limits and lignin contents remained constant. However the contents of holocellulose and lignin have been decreased by steam explosion, considering that the amount of other extractives was relatively increased. The degree of crystallinity and lignin contents reduction by steam explosion was almost similar to the result obtained by increasing cultivation periods. According to the results, log woods for mushroom production have a potential as material for developing alternative energy.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.13 no.3 s.55
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• pp.127-134
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• 2009

This study investigated their properties of spalling resistance and residual compressive strength after fire test corresponding to various ISO, RABT heating curves, and contents of hybrid organic fiber of high strength concrete. The results were summarized as following. As fundamental characters of concrete with hybrid organic fiber, the flowability was directly declined as the increase of fiber contents, and air contents were decreased or increased a little bit, but there was not big difference. The compressive strength was gradually declined sluggishly at 28 days. As properties of fire resistance, in case of RABT heating curves, compare with ISO heating curves a spalling aspect showed till range that has much contents of hybrid organic fiber, but they are mostly peeling spalling, which means spalling aspect didn't happen to inside. In conclusion, in case of W/B 25% high strength concrete, the spalling was prevented over 0.04% of contents of fiber at ISO heating curve and over 0.10% of contents of fiber at the RABT heating curve. In case of spalling was prevented, mass reduction rate according to the change of heating temperature curves showed around 7% at ISO heating curves and around 9% at RABT heating curves. The residual compressive strength rate corresponding to the change of heating temperature curves showed 50%~60% at ISO heating temperature curves and 30%~35% at RABT heating temperature curves in case of spalling was prevented.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.410-415
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• 2000

This study was performed to study tile organophosphorus pesticides residues removal effect of rice and Korean cabbage. Four organophosphorus pesticides(EPN, diazinon, fenithrithion, phenthoate) were artificially added to rice and Korean cabbage. Then they were washed with water and cooked differently to analyze the amount of pesticides residues reduced. The result of the study were as following; 1. The removal rate of pesticides residue on rice was 15.5∼35.4% an[ the amount of washing water was more influential in removal rate than number of washing. 2. The removal rate of pesticides residues through cooking processes after rice washing was 72.1∼77.8%. 3. The removal rate of pesticides residues through washing and cooking processes on the Korean cabbage were 18.4∼41.0%, 22.8∼92.7%. 4. As the amount of washing water of Korean cabbage increase, pesticides removal effect was higher. 5. Squeezing out the washed water from the cabbage increased pesticides removal rate.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.192-201
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• 2019

While a fairly large amount of organic matter is produced daily via phytoplankton photosynthesis in Lake Paldang, South Korea, knowledge of the role of algal-derived organic matter (OM) as a refractory OM source is not adequate. To understand the contribution of algal-derived OM to the refractory pool, biodegradation experiment and $KMnO_4$ oxidation experiment were conducted for 60 days using $^{13}C$ and $^{15}N$ labeled natural phytoplankton assemblage. The assemblage was collected from Lake Paldang on May 20, 2010. The photosynthetically produced total organic carbon ($TO^{13}C$), particulate organic carbon ($PO^{13}C$), and particulate nitrogen ($P^{15}N$) remained at 26%, 20%, and 17% of the initial concentrations, respectively, in the form of non-biodegradable organic matter. In addition, 12% and 38% of $PO^{13}C$ remained after $KMnO_4$ treatment on Day 0 and 60, respectively. These results indicate that photosynthetic products could be an important source of refractory organic matter after microbial degradation. Moreover, the microbially transformed algal-derived OM could contribute to the oxidation rate of the chemical oxygen demand.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.5-12
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• 2019

The study is carried out to survey the proper management and to propose an eco - friendly separation system through efficient screening and resource recovery of excavated materials containing waste from various excavating fields such as reconstruction of landfill sites for reuse, reclamation of unsanitary landfill and residential land development of waste dumping sites. The current status and screening process and analytical characteristics of the excavated materials containing waste were reviewed. Through the analysis of the samples such as separated combustibles, recyclable soils and residues collected from the on-site visits we were able to understand the characteristics of separated materials and excavated materials containing waste such as calorific value, elementary composition, TOC, foreign material content and LOI. It has been found that elimination of the moisture of excavations, removal of attached soil from the surfaces of the excavated combustibles and the quantitative supply method of the input devices are the main operating factors as essential factors for the optimal separation of excavated materials containing waste. For efficient management and recycling of excavated materials containing, it is necessary to set criteria of ash content in separated combustibles and criteria organic matter content in separated soils.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.452-459
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• 2003

A new demand for vegetable peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Korea has increased farmers interest in growing vegetable peanut. Compared to grain peanut production, vegetable peanut production enables the growth period to be shortened by 20 or 30 days and farmers to adopt various cropping systems and to return crop residues in the soil. With the purpose of establishing desirable cropping systems for sustainable vegetable peanut production, three field experiments were conducted from 2000 to 2001 at Milyang, the southeastern part of Korea. Main focuses were given into the effect of cropping systems for vegetable peanut production on each crop's yield and soil sustainability. The cropping systems investigated were single vegetable peanut, peanut-radish-green barley, peanut-barley, and peanut-garlic cropping system, with or without crop residue incorporation in the soil. Among the cropping systems investigated for sustainable vegetable peanut production, peanut-only and peanut-radish-green barley cropping systems showed vulnerable to diseases and lodging while peanut-barley and peanut-garlic cropping systems showed higher stability in response to diseases and lodging, consequently leading to higher yield potential of vegetable peanut production. In the peanut-barley cropping system, both barley and peanut residues returned to the soil played an important role in soil improvement as well as in significantly increased grain yield of peanut and barley. A particular notice was taken to the pronounced increase in Trichoderma population and the amount of nitrogen mineralization induced by the returned barley residue. Soil structure, compactness, pH, and fertility were positively influenced by the returned crop residues, which apparently increased sustainability in vegetable peanut production systems.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2009

This study was carried out development a new composting system to lower copper and zinc concentration in plg sludge compost and conduct an inquiry into the possibility of crop cultivation. The concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and pH averaged 4.4%, 6.3% and 7.57, respectively, which were higher concentrations than in commercial organic fertilizers, and the concentrations of copper and zinc averaged 805 and 1,704 mg/kg, respectively, which were beyond the heavy metal concentration limit in byproduct compost. Hydrated citric acid I lowered the concentrations of copper and zinc by 58% and 97%, respectively and hydrated oxalic acid II lowered the concentrations of copper and zinc by 48% and 56%, respectively in pig sludge compost. Lower concentrations of copper and zinc in pig sludge resulted from the enhanced hydrated-citric acid concentration in organic acid solution mixed with distilled water. The concentrations of copper and zinc were 330, and 41 mg/kg in the pig sludge treated with 100% hydrated citric acid. Agitation composting system stabilized the compost earlier than the stationary composting system, in which the stabilization condition was confirmed by higher temperature by $4^{\circ}C$ at highest temperature and 7 days earlier cooling down after highest temperature. The levels of germination index (G.I) 80 were obtained 15 and 20 days after composting in agitation and stationary composting system, respectively. The concentrations of copper and zinc were 2.4 and 4.26 mg/kg respectively in soils amended with pig sludge compost after removing process of heavy metals by citric acid, but 8.0 and 22.37 mg/kg, respectively in soils amended with Pig Sludge. The concentrations of heavy metals was highest in com cultivated in soils amended with pig sludge. The copper and zinc concentrations In corn leaves were 75.2 and 50.56 mg/kg respectively, which were 4 and 2 fold higher than the com cultivated in soils amended with pig sludge compost after heavy metal removing process by hydrated citric acid.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2004

Organic smectite was hydrothermally synthesized by treating the opal-rich siliceous mudstone from the Pohang area with TMAOH solutions and 1:1 solutions of TMAOH+NaOH at $80^{\circ}C$ and concentrations ranging 10∼15%. Smectite was solely formed without accompanying any mineral products in case of TMAOH, whereas NaP and hydroxysodalite was synthesized together with smectite under the blending solution of TMAOH+NaOH. The synthesized smectite is identified as an organic smectite intercalating $TMA^{+}$ within its interlayer site, specifically corresponding to monmorillonite species, through mineralogical characterization by XRD, DTA, and IR analyses. The experimental results indicate that main precursor of the synthesized smectite is undoubtedly opal-CT, and the original sedimentary smectite included as considerable amounts in the mudstone seems to play a major role as Al-sources necessary far the smectite formation. Original inert components such as quartz and mica do not affect mostly to the synthesis reaction, and thus, are resultantly found as impurities in the synthetic products. These experimental results may imply that a new effective method for the low-temperature (less than $100^{\circ}C$) hydrothermal synthesis of organic smectite will be established if some Al-sources adequate for this synthetic system are available.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2012

Production process of the flexible ceramic foamed body through the complexation with the fiberous sepiolite and expanded pearlite was researched. The processing of fibrillation of the inorganic mineral fiber sepiolite is the most important whole processing for manufacturing of the ceramic foamed body consisting of the expanded perlite and sepiolite. The fibrous sepiolite and expanded pearlite are blended and becomes the slurry phase. And this slurry phase is converted to a massive foamed body through the low temperature heat treatment process less than $300^{\circ}C$. The heat-treatment process of the slurry phase composite has to be designed to include the evaporation step of the moisture remaining among the slurry composition, foaming step by the decomposition of the foaming agent, and resolution removal step of the organic material which was added in the composite remained after the foaming step. The heat treatment process should be considered as significant factors in design of total process. As to the condition of heat treatment process and foaming agent, there was the a correlation. An organic type foaming agent like DSS (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinte) was effective in foaming of the slurry compound consisting of the expanded perlite and sepiolite fiber.