• Title/Summary/Keyword: 유기­스멕타이트

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Physicochemical Properties of Organo­Smectites Modified by HDTMA, BDTDA, and CP (HDTMA­, BDTDA­ 및 CP­스멕타이트의 물리­화학적 특성)

  • 고상모;홍석정;송민섭
    • Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.295-305
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    • 2003
  • This study aims to provide the physicochemical properties of three kinds of organo­smectites which can be diversely used in industries. Some properties of them were compared with Na­smectite. Three kinds of organo­smectites such as Hexadecyltrimethylammonium(HDTMA), Benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium(BDTDA), and Cetylpyridinium(CP) exchanged smectites were manufactured for this study. Three types of organo­smectites showed the alkaline character(pH 9), very low swelling property and viscosity, and a fast flocculation behavior because of strong hydrophobic property in contrast to hydrophilic Na­smectite. Three organo­smectites showed the strong interlayer expansion with basal spacing from $19\AA$ to $23\AA$ compared with the Na­smectite of about 12 $\AA$. Organic cations such as HDTMA, BDTDA, and CP exchanged into smectite were completely decomposed in the temperature range from $250^{\circ}C$ to $400^{\circ}C$. Generally, three organo­smectites showed the similar mineralogical, physicochemical and thermal properties. But their properties are quite different from Na­smectite. Considering economically, CP exchanged smectite would be used for the diverse utilization field in the future time.

Low-temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis of Organic Smectite from Siliceous Mudstone (규질 이암으로부터 유기 스멕타이트의 저온 수열합성)

  • 노진환
    • Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.49-59
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    • 2004
  • Organic smectite was hydrothermally synthesized by treating the opal-rich siliceous mudstone from the Pohang area with TMAOH solutions and 1:1 solutions of TMAOH+NaOH at $80^{\circ}C$ and concentrations ranging 10∼15%. Smectite was solely formed without accompanying any mineral products in case of TMAOH, whereas NaP and hydroxysodalite was synthesized together with smectite under the blending solution of TMAOH+NaOH. The synthesized smectite is identified as an organic smectite intercalating $TMA^{+}$ within its interlayer site, specifically corresponding to monmorillonite species, through mineralogical characterization by XRD, DTA, and IR analyses. The experimental results indicate that main precursor of the synthesized smectite is undoubtedly opal-CT, and the original sedimentary smectite included as considerable amounts in the mudstone seems to play a major role as Al-sources necessary far the smectite formation. Original inert components such as quartz and mica do not affect mostly to the synthesis reaction, and thus, are resultantly found as impurities in the synthetic products. These experimental results may imply that a new effective method for the low-temperature (less than $100^{\circ}C$) hydrothermal synthesis of organic smectite will be established if some Al-sources adequate for this synthetic system are available.

수열합성법에 의한 활석을 이용한 스멕타이트 합성 및 품질평가

  • 배인국;장영남;채수천;유장한;류경원;최상훈
    • Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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    • 2003.04a
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    • pp.316-319
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    • 2003
  • 스멕타이트계 점토광물은 팽윤성, 양이온 교환, 층간삽입 (intercalation), 콜로이드 형성, 겔형성, 층간화합물 형성 등의 기능이 있으므로 옛날부터 다양한 산업분야에서 폭넓게 사용되었다. 대표적인 용도는 굴착용 니수, 주형점결제, 농약 증량제, 토목용, 유기 스멕타이트 등이 있다. 그러나, 천연에서 산출되는 스멕타이트는 산지별로 성능이나 특성이 다르고, 불순물 함유등에 의해 안정적인 품질을 얻을 수가 없어, 최종제품의 고품질화, 고기능화에서의 대응이 곤란한 경우가 많고, 또한 양질의 천연 스멕타이트의 매장양은 한정되어 있다. (중략)

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A Study on the Sorption Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydro-carbons(PAHs) and Cadmium by Organoclays (유기점토에 의한 다환방향족 탄화수소와 카드뮴의 흡착특성 연구)

  • Seung Yeop Lee;Soo Jin Kim
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.171-176
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    • 2003
  • The fate and behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and heavy metals in the environment are mainly controlled by their interactions with various components of soils and sediments. Due to their large surface area and abundance in many soils, smectites may greatly influence the fate and transport of the contaminants. In our experiment, PAH sorption by hexadecyltimethylammonium(HDTMA)-modified smectite linearly increased in proportion to the amount of HDTMA added on the clay. However, trimethylammonium(TMA)-modified smectite did not show superiority in its sorption of PAH compared with the HDTMA-smectite or dodecyltrimethylammonium(DTMA)- smectite. Meanwhile, the smectites modified with the same cationic surfactants adsorbed Cd$^{2+}$(heavy metal) significantly from water at low surfactant loading level, but the Cd$^{2+}$ adsorption linearly decreased as the loading of surfactant increased. The result shows that the sorption tendency of organoclays for organic or inorganic contaminants was significantly influenced by the amount and size of the surfactants added on the clay. This reveals that the stabilization and configuration of cationic surfactant formed on the clay interlayer of different sizes may be an important factor in controlling the sorptive capacity of each pollutant in the environment.

Preparation and Performance of Synthetic Organo-beidellite (유기 바이델라이트의 합성 및 거동 연구)

  • Ryu, Gyoung-Won;Jang, Young-Nam;Cho, Sung-Jun;Choi, Sang-Hoon
    • Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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    • v.19 no.2 s.48
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    • pp.123-128
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    • 2006
  • Beidellite, a member of the dioctahedral smectite group, was synthesized hydrothermally from dickite. Organophilic [DEACOOH]-beidellite intercalation complex was formed by the cation exchange reaction between synthetic Na-beidellite and [DEACOOH]Br. The products dried in high vacuum were treated with various organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, ether, acetonitrile and caprolactam in order to determine the swelling behaviour of the prepared complexes. After drying under high vacuum, basal spacing of [DEACOOH]-beidellite shows 15.1 ${\AA}$, and it changed to 19.4, 29.9, 15.9, 16.8, 14.8, 26.5 and 14.8 ${\AA}$ under distilled water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, ether, acetonitrile and caporlactam, respectively. Especially, the characteristics of the intercalation complexes and their swelling behavior of the synthetic beidellite and natural montmorillonite were compared.

Feldspar Diagenesis and Reseuoir History of the Miocene Temblor Formation, Kettleman North Dome, California, U.S.A. (미국 캘리포니아주 케틀만 노스돔의 마이오세 템블러층에서 장석의 속성작용과 저류암의 발달사)

  • Lee Yong Il;Boles James R.
    • The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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    • v.3 no.1 s.4
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    • pp.16-27
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    • 1995
  • The Early Miocene Temblor Formation forms an important sandstone reservoir at Kettleman North Dome oil field, California. Sandstones are mostly arkosic in composition except deepest sandstones containing much volcanic rock fragments. Arranged in paragenetic sequence prior to feldspar alteration, the Temblor sandstones contain cements of early calcite, dolomite, quartz, albite, mixed-layer ohloriteismectite (C/S) and smectite, and anhydrite. Diagenetic changes associated with feldspar are albitization of plagioclase, late calcite and laumontite cementation and grain replacement, plagioclase dissolution, and kaolinite cementation. Plagioclase albitization and late calcite and laumontite cementation in Temblor sandstones occurred at the time of maximum burial with temperatures up to $130^{\circ}C$. Volcanic plagioclases were selectively albitized. Most diagenetic changes are interpreted to have occurred before the maior uplift which occurred within the last one million years ago. Since then to the time of hydrocarbon emplacement plagioclase dissolution and kaolinite cementation occurred. This reaction occurred in relatively closed system due to the occurrence of kaolinite next to the site of plagioclase dissolution. Unaltered part of volcanic plagioclase and plutonic plagioclase which escaped albitization during maximum burial were preferentially dissolved to make plagioclase porosity. Secondary porosity resulting from dissolution of plagioclase and carbonate and anhydrite cements was mainly produced by formation waters containing organic acids released during atagenesis of organic matter.

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Surface Sediments of the Continental Shelf and Slope off the Southeastern Coast of Korea (한국 동남해역 대륙붕과 대륙사면 표면퇴적물의 분포와 특성)

  • Lee, Chang-Bok;Park, Yong Ahn;Choi, Jin-Yong;Kim, Gi-Beom
    • 한국해양학회지
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.39-51
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    • 1989
  • A total of 139 surface sediment samples, collected from the continental shelf and slope off the southeastern coast of Korea, were analyzed in order to understand their grain-size, mineral composition and organic carbon content. Based on the grain-size characteristics, five surface sedimentary facies were distinguished: sand, clay, mud, sand-mud mixed, and sand-clay mixed facies. The sand facies appears to be composed mostly of relict sand. For mud, most of which seem to be of recent origin, two different sources were suggested, based principally on their areal distribution pattern and the local hydrographic conditions. Heavy mineral composition of the fine-sand size fraction allowed us to distinguish different sand populations from the study area. On the whole, the Hupo Bank sediments showed a high content of garnet, while the sediments from the northern part of the continental shelf were characterized by a relatively high content of metamorphic minerals (kyanite, sillimanite, andalusite, staurolite). Among clay minerals, the most abundant was illite, with chlorite, kaolinite and smectite following in decreasing order. Organic carbon contents in the sediments of the study area were generally high and showed an average value of 1.94%. The sediment grain-size exerted a strong influence on the organic carbon content. The highest organic carbon content, on the other hand, was found in the continental slope sediments.

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Interpretation of the Manufacturing Characteristics and the Mineral and Chemical Composition of Neolithic Pottery Excavated from the Jungsandong Site, Yeongjong Island, South Korea (영종도 중산동 신석기시대 토기의 광물 및 화학조성과 제작특성 해석)

  • Lee, Chan Hee;Kim, Ran Hee;Shin, Sook Chung
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.51 no.1
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    • pp.4-31
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    • 2018
  • The Neolithic pottery excavated from the Jungsandong site has been classified into four types of pottery (I: feldspar type, II: mica type, III: talc type and IV: asbestos type) according to their mineral composition. These four types of potteries generally appear to have undergone incomplete firing, while the level of oxidation in the type I pottery objects, which have a relatively higher clay content, was found to be particularly low. The type III objects, which have a high talc content, are judged to have been somewhat slow in removing carbon because they contain saponite belonging to the smectite group. Of the four types of pottery, type IV showed the highest redness and the most uniform characteristics, thus indicating a good level of oxidation. In particular, fixed carbide (C; 33.7 wt.%) with a thickness of about 1mm, and originating from organic substances, was detected inside the walls of the type I pottery, while the deep radial cracks in the outer surfaces of the pottery are thought to have been caused by repeated thermal shocks. Given that all of the pottery except for the type I artifacts are considered to be have been made for storage purposes, those containing talc and tremolite are easy to done liquid storing vessels based on an analysis of their material characteristics. As for the type II relics, which are composed of various minerals and exhibit poor physical properties, they seem to have been used for simple storage purposes. As domestic talc and asbestos mines were concentrated in the areas of Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Chungbuk, and Chungnam, it seems likely that talc and tremolite were produced as contiguous minerals. Considering the distance between the remains in Jungsandong and these mines and their geographical distribution, there is a possibility - albeit somewhat slight - that these mines were developed for the mining of various minerals. Although ultramafic rock masses - such as serpentine capable of generating talc and tremolite - have not been found in the Jungsandong area, limestone and biotite granite containing mica schist have been identified in the northwestern part of Yeongjong Island, indicating that small rock masses might have formed there in the past. Therefore, it is judged necessary to accumulate data on pottery containing talc and tremolite, other than the remains in Jungsandong, and to investigate the rocks and soils in the surrounding area with greater precision. The firing temperatures of the pottery found at the Jungsandong site were interpreted by analyzing the stability ranges of the mineral composition of each type. As a result, they have been estimated to range from 550 to $800^{\circ}C$ for the type I artifacts, and from 550 to $700^{\circ}C$ for the type I, II and IV artifacts. However, these temperatures are not the only factors to have affected their physical properties and firing temperature, and the types, particle sizes, and firing time of the clay should all be taken into consideration.