• Title/Summary/Keyword: 위험해역

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Basic Research for the Development of Collision Risk Model of Passing Vessels at an Anchorage (Safety Domain) (정박지 통항선박의 충돌위험 모델 개발을 위한 기초연구 - 정박지 통항선박의 안전 -)

  • Lee, Jin-Suk;Kwon, Yumin;Choi, Jung-Suk
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.67-73
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    • 2021
  • The purpose of this study is to obtain a safe area for a passing vessel between anchored vessels by developing a model to predict the collision risk, frequent collisions occur between the anchored vessel and the passing vessel through the anchorage. For this, this study selected the southern anchorage of Busan port, which is the largest harbor in Korea, as the target area and extracted and analyzed VTS (Vessel Traffic Service) data during the period in which anchored vessels were the most waited. The ratio of D/L for each bearing was obtained to determine the safe distance (D) passes based on the length (L) of the passing vessel between anchored vessels. Based on the average domain of the D/L ratio distribution, the percentage of anchored vessels within the scope of the pre-studied ship's domain was analyzed to obtain a domain reflecting the degree of risk of VTSOs. Further research will evaluate and analyze the collision risk of a passing vessel using Domain-watch, the minimum safe distance between anchored vessels, and the safe domain of a passing vessel through anchorage, to develop a model for VTS to manage anchorages more efficiently and safely.

Calculation of Water Level Variations and Extreme Waves in Busan Harbor due to Storm Surges (고조로 인한 부산항 해수면 변화 및 극한파랑의 산정)

  • Whang Ho-Dong;Lee Joong-Woo;Kwon So-Hyun;Yang Sang-Yong;Gum Dong-Ho
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.227-234
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    • 2004
  • Recently huge typhoons had attacked to the coastal waters in Korea and caused disastrous casualties in those area. There are some discussions on correction to the design parameters for the coastal structures. Wave transformation computations with the extreme waves are of value in planning and constructing engineering works, especially in coastal regions. Prediction of typhoon surge elevations is based primarily on the use of a numerical model in this study, since it is difficult to study these events in real time or with use of physical models. Wave prediction with a two dimensional numerical model for a site with complicated coastal lines and structures at the period of typhoon 'Maemi' is discussed. In order to input parameters for the extreme wave conditions, we analyzed the observed and predicted typhoon data. Finally we applied the model discussed above to the storm surge and extreme wave problem at Busan Harbor, the southeast coast of Korea. Effects of water level variation and transformation of the extreme waves in relation with the flooding in coastal waters interested are analyzed. We then mack an attempt to presen a basic hazard map for the corresponding site.

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Analytical Study on the Peak Stage of Typhoons (태풍의 피크기에 관한 분석 연구)

  • Seol, Dong-Il
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.38 no.6
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    • pp.695-700
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    • 2014
  • This paper analyzed the peak stage of typhoons by using 10 years(2002~2011) data. The main purpose of this research is to provide the characteristic and tendency of peak stage of typhoons for navigators of ship. The research results show that typhoons of maximum wind speed 20~29m/ s and 40~49m/s account for 25% and 24% of whole typhoon, respectively. Ultra Typhoon of maximum wind speed 50m/ s and over accounts for 24% of whole typhoon. Peak stage mean arrival time from tropical depression and tropical storm are 3.6 days and 2.1 days, respectively. Duration time of peak stage is within 2 days and mean duration time of peak stage is 31hours. Latitudes and longitudes that mainly appears peak stage are at $15^{\circ}{\sim}25^{\circ}N$ and $120^{\circ}{\sim}140^{\circ}E$. This dangerous sea area has the oceanic environmental characteristic that Taiwan and Philippines are locate west side and a vast the North Pacific occupy east side. Navigators of ship in this dangerous sea area keep strict watch. Ultra Typhoons occur most frequently in September. Peak stage of Ultra Typhoon also appears at $15^{\circ}{\sim}25^{\circ}N$ and $120^{\circ}{\sim}140^{\circ}E$.

외상 후 스트레스 장애의 평가

  • Kim Jeong-Beom
    • 대한불안의학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2004.06a
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    • pp.185-213
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    • 2004
  • 우리는 살아가면서 흔히 개인적으로 극심한 스트레스를 겪거나 불행히도 어떤 뜻밖의 재난이나 큰 사고를 경험할 수 있다. 이런 외상적 사건들을 겪고 대부분의 사람들은 잘 극복할 수 있으나 일부 사람들은 심각한 의상 후 스트레스 반응을 보여 그런 외상이 지나감에도 불구하고 괴로운 기억 속에서 그것을 회상시키는 활동과 상황을 피하며 늘 불안한 마음으로 몸은 현재에 살고 있지만 마음은 실상 과거에 매달려 있고 과거의 고통 속에서 헤어 나오지 못하고 있다. 외상 후 스트레스 장애는 다른 불안 장애, 우울증처럼 흔한 질환으로 사회생활에 큰 지장을 주며 삶의 질을 손상시킨다. 그렇지만 외상을 당한 당사자들이 이런 이야기를 하기 꺼려하고, 이런 사람들을 진료실에서 종종 만날 수 있는 임상가들도 외상의 심각성과 외상 후 스트레스 장애에 대한 인식이 부족하여, 우리 주위에 많은 사람이 외상 후 스트레스 장애로 고생하고 있지만 외상 후 스트레스 장애로 진단되는 경우가 실제보다 훨씬 적다. 따라서 외상 후 스트레스 장애에 대한 평가를 배움으로써 더 많은 환자들을 정확히 진단하며 다른 질환과의 감별을 쉽게 할 수 있고, 환자들의 고통과 어려움이 과연 무엇인지 잘 알 수 있으며, 치료 표적과 치료 전략을 정하고, 치료 계획을 세우는 데 도움을 얻을 수 있다. 평가 방법으로는 구조화된 면담, 평가 척도, 정신 생리적 측정법, 치료자의 임상적인 결정 등이 있다. 향후에는 외상 후 스트레스 장애의 증상 정도뿐만 아니라 일상생활, 사회적 관계, 직업적, 사회적 적응 및 기능에 미치는 영향도 같이 평가하는 도구들이 개발되고, 현재 개발된 많은 평가 척도들이 새로이 수정되고 표준화되어, 이런 평가 척도들을 통해 외상 후 스트레스 장애의 경과와 외상 후 스트레스 장애로 인한 정신 사회적 영향을 더 잘 알 수 있는 자료들이 많이 수집되길 바란다. 대칭이, 작은대칭이, 펄조개는 저질이 니질인 곳에서 주로 서식하고 있었고 귀이빨대칭이는 사니질과 사질에 주로 서식하고 있었다. 특히 삽교호 수계 채집된 귀이빨대칭이는 사니질과 사질의 저질에서 출현하였다.및 내장낭 조직들이 중요한 에너지 저장소이며, 영양 공급 기관임을 알 수 있었으며, 폐각근 조직과 내장낭 조직들의 영양물질 함량 변화는 생식소의 에너지 요구에 따라 변하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.. 따른 신장 기능에 대한 영향을 평가해 보아야 한다.하를 조사한 결과, 연간 진동해역으로 유입되는 오염부하량은 부유물질 기준으로 전체 37,316 ton/yr로 추정되었고, 이중 육지기원 부하량이 9,809 ton/yr (26.3%) 였고, 해역의 침강량 23,576 ton/yr (63.2%), 양식생물의 배설량이 3,932 ton/yr (10.5%) 로 대부분이 해역의 침강량에 의한 것으로 조사되었다. 육지오염부하량이 변동이 없다는 전제 조건 아래, 진동만의 피조개 채묘장을 미더덕 양식장으로 품종전환시킬 경우, 전체 부하량은 산술적으로 약 196%가 증가한 72,998 ton/yr 가 되고, 양식생물의 배설량은 10배 정도 증가하게 되어 진동만의 오염부하를 가중하게 된다. 진동만은 여름철 빈산소수괴 및 적조가 빈번하게 발생하고 있으므로 미더덕 양식장을 새로이 시설할 경우 오염부하가 가중될 것으로 판단되어, 앞으로 진동만의 양식장 수용능력을 파악하여 적정량의 양식물량이 시설되어야 할 것이다.25 psu에서 가장 높게 나타났다.인 단백뇨는 진행성 경과의 위험성을 동시에 암시해 주는 매우 유용한 지표이다. 본 연구 결과 학교 신체 검사상에서 발견된 단독 단백뇨의 주된 원인은 기립성 단백뇨로 81.8%를 차지하였다. 그러나 지속성 단백뇨의 경우 비록 9.1%의 빈도를 보였지만, 신장 조직검사를 시행한 결과 진행성 경과를 취할 수 있는

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A study on the Optimum Capacity of Citadel (선원대피처의 적정규모에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Won-Ouk;Chae, Yang-Bum;Kim, Chang-Jae
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.21-26
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    • 2012
  • Recently, vessel hijacking by pirates has been a big issue around the world. For example, the hostages of VLCC "SAMHO Dream" were released for a large sum of ransom. On January 20, 2011 "SAMHO Jewelry" succeeded releasing all of the 21 crews on the vessel by attacking the pirates in international waters for the first time since the founding of the Naval Force. Furthermore, the "HANJIN Tianjin" crews evacuated to the Citadel promptly and were rescued by the navy. As hijacking of Korean vessels by pirates is increasing, various safety measures must be implemented. As a matter of fact, the standard for ship's facilities has been partially revised and setting up an evacuation shelter on all vessels sailing dangerous zone has been reinforced. This research aims to discuss crew Citadel installation on vessels intended for long haul. In addition, it will look at measures against potential gas flow in the event of pirate armed attacks and fire outbreak onboard a vessel. It will also assess the optimal number of crew Citadels theoretically. Lastly, the optimal number of shelters in the event of fire outbreak will be discussed based on an FDS simulation.

Study on Estimating Economic Risk Cost of Aids to Navigation Accident in Busan Port, Korea using Contingent Valuation Method (조건부가치측정법을 이용한 부산항 항로표지사고에 대한 항행 위험비용의 추정에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Tae-Goun;Moon, Beom-Sik
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.42 no.6
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    • pp.478-485
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    • 2018
  • Aids to Navigation (AtoN) is one of the marine traffic safety facilities that promotes the safety of maritime traffic and enhance ship's operational efficiency. However, functional failure of AtoN due to ship's collision or bad weather conditions leads to inconvenience or navigational risk to various users such as the ship operators. For insstance, the largest container port in Korea, Busan Port has experienced a total of 400 AtoN accidents in the past 12 years (2006-2017).Therefore, an average of 20.6 days of recovery time is required, which increases the maritime safety anxiety for AtoN users. is the objective of this study was to present the quantitative support of the users for the prevention of AtoN accidents and the improvement of the feasibility of implementing more efficient management in Korea. A survey was conducted on the users of Busan port areas to investigate general perception of AtoN in general and the accidents that have happened, and to estimate the economic value of navigational risk reduction by implementing effective AtoN management measure. Using the representative non-market valuation method for environmental or public goods known as contingent valuation method (CVM), the economic value granted to users for the AtoN services in Busan port was estimated to at least 16 billion won. Therefore, these finding could be used by AtoN managers and/or policy makers as a valuable data to identify the users' need of various AtoN services including Busan Port and to establish and implement more efficient management plan.

Detection of Toluene Hazardous and Noxious Substances (HNS) Based on Hyperspectral Remote Sensing (초분광 원격탐사 기반 위험·유해물질 톨루엔 탐지)

  • Park, Jae-Jin;Park, Kyung-Ae;Foucher, Pierre-Yves;Kim, Tae-Sung;Lee, Moonjin
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.42 no.6
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    • pp.623-631
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    • 2021
  • The increased transport of marine hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) has resulted in frequent HNS spill accidents domestically and internationally. There are about 6,000 species of HNS internationally, and most of them have toxic properties. When an accidental HNS spill occurs, it can destroys the marine ecosystem and can damage life and property due to explosion and fire. Constructing a spectral library of HNS according to wavelength and developing a detection algorithm would help prepare for accidents. In this study, a ground HNS spill experiment was conducted in France. The toluene spectrum was determined through hyperspectral sensor measurements. HNS present in the hyperspectral images were detected by applying the spectral mixture algorithm. Preprocessing principal component analysis (PCA) removed noise and performed dimensional compression. The endmember spectra of toluene and seawater were extracted through the N-FINDR technique. By calculating the abundance fraction of toluene and seawater based on the spectrum, the detection accuracy of HNS in all pixels was presented as a probability. The probability was compared with radiance images at a wavelength of 418.15 nm to select abundance fractions with maximum detection accuracy. The accuracy exceeded 99% at a ratio of approximately 42%. Response to marine spills of HNS are presently impeded by the restricted access to the site because of high risk of exposure to toxic compounds. The present experimental and detection results could help estimate the area of contamination with HNS based on hyperspectral remote sensing.

A Study on the Safety Improvement of Vessel Traffic in the Busan New Port Entrance (부산신항 진출입 항로 내 선박 통항 안전성 향상에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Bong-kwon;Park, Young-soo;Kim, Nieun;Kim, Sora;Park, Hyungoo;Shin, Dongsu
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.321-330
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    • 2022
  • Busan New Port manages the largest volume of traffic among Korean ports, and accounts for 68.5% of the total volume of the Busan port. Due to this increase in volume, ultra large container ships call at Busan New Port. When the additional south container terminal as well as ongoing construction project of the west container terminal are completed, various encounters may occur at the Busan New Port entrance, which may cause collision risk.s Thus, the purpose of this study was to provide a plan to improve the safety of vessel traffic, in the in/out bound fairway of Busan New Port. For this purpose, the status of arrivals and departures of vessels in Busan New Port, was examined through maritime traffic flow analysis. Additionally, risk factors and safety measures were identified, by AHP analysis with ship operators of the study area. Also, based on the derived safety measures, scenarios were set using the Environmental Stress model (ES model), and the traffic risk level of each safety measure was identified through simulation. As a result, it is expected that setting the no entry area for one-way traffic would have a significant effect on mitigating risks at the Busan New Port entrance. This study can serve as a basis for preparing safety measures, to improve the navigation of vessels using Busan New Port. If safety measures are prepared in the future, it is necessary to verify the safety by using the traffic volume and flow changes according to the newly-opened berths.

A Study on Navigational Support Services for Improving Navigational Safety of Non-SOLAS Ships (비협약선박의 항해안전 향상을 위한 항해지원서비스에 관한 연구)

  • An, Kwang;Kim, Inchul;Kim, Chol-Seong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.305-310
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    • 2016
  • This study identified necessary navigational support services to prevent accidents through an examination and a survey on the navigation and communication systems of non-SOLAS ships. The functional and operational requirements for the identified navigational support services were discussed accordingly. Among the navigational support services proposed are an Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) service, a route planning service, an operation monitoring service, and collision prevention support services for ships in coastal areas. To facilitate the identified navigational support services, ship navigation system, shore supporting centre and maritime communication network were discussed as a digital infrastructure. The operational methode for the digital infrastructure were discussed in the service scenarios for ships carrying dangerous cargo, large ships over 200 meters in length and high speed passenger ships over 15 knots in speed. This study will facilitate the development of policies for the improvement of ship operation management in Korean coastal waters and will contribute to improving the navigational safety of non-SOLAS ships.

Analysis of Improvement Targets for Public Safety Threats in the Maritime Area Around the Launch Site (발사장 주변 해상의 공공안전 위협요인에 대한 개선 대상 분석)

  • Ahn-Tae Shin;Hun-Soo Byun
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.62 no.2
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    • pp.153-162
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    • 2024
  • Securing safety in the maritime danger zone around the launch site before a launch is a fundamental requirement. If maritime safety is not ensured, the launch is halted or postponed. However, challenges have arisen in the process of securing public safety at sea due to factors such as the increasing population engaged in water leisure activities. These challenges include unauthorized entry of vessels into controlled areas, unauthorized access by water leisure activity participants, and non-compliance with regulations. In this paper, we employed the Delphi/Analytic Hierarchy Process to survey 22 experts, including professionals in launch vehicle development and launch site operation, to identify 10 factors posing threats to maritime public safety. Additionally, we identified five issues that need improvement for ensuring maritime safety. This study verified the consistency of expert opinions and conducted an analysis of importance and prioritization, objectively confirming the necessity for amendments to relevant laws or the enactment of new laws concerning the establishment and control of danger zones around launch sites.