• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2021

Understanding the migration patterns and habitats of juvenile birds during the post-fledging stage is very important for conservation and management of individuals. The Chinese Egret is an internationally protected species. During the wintering season, they inhabit South-East Asia, such as the Philippines, Malaysia, and Taiwan, and breed in China, Russia, and uninhabited islands on the west coast of Korea. IIn this study, we attached a GPS telemetry tracking device to six juvenile Chinese Egrets breeding on Chilsan Archipelago in 2018 and 2019 to identify habitats by analyzing the home range during the post-fledging stage in the summer season. The individual CE1801 moved north and then returned to the Yeonggwang Baeksu tidal flat area, and CE1802 and CE1803 migrated north and inhabited Taean-gun. In 2019, CE1901 showed a similar pattern to CE1801, and CE1902 migrated southward to the Wando-gun area, while CE1903 moved south to the Sinan-gun area then returned to the Yeonggwang Baeksu tidal flat area, showing KDE 50%. The study results confirmed that the Chinese Egret moved broadly around the flat tidal area on the west coast to find a stable habitat during the post-fledging stage. Efforts to protect the habitat, such as limiting the development of this area and restricting human access, are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.347-376
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• 2021

Investigating and evaluating regionally distributed plant resources provide fundamental information (inventory) to conserve plant diversity in target areas. Nevertheless, the examination of inventory to collect information in areas with little interest has been insufficient. In this study, the vicinity of Mt. Baegamsan(1,004m) was investigated for plant resources in the central and southern part of the Korean peninsula, which has received low interest. Nine surveys identified a total of 638 taxa consisting of 108 families, 339 genera, 572 species, 12 subspecies, 49 varieties, and 5 forms. One taxon was designated to be the endangered wild plant by the Ministry of Environment, and a total of 29 taxa were designated to be endemic species in Korea. Floristic target species identified by the surveys included 1 taxon for grade V, 13 taxa for grade IV, 36 taxa for grade III, 29s taxa for grade II, and 34 taxa for grade I. A total of 38 taxa were identified to be naturalized plants, and 3 of them were designated as invasive alien plants by the Ministry of Environment. There was a difference in plant distribution between western and eastern areas of Mt. Baegamsan. The endangered and valuable plants for conservation were mainly identified from Mt. Baegamsan peak area, the ridge, and the western area. Considering the plant distribution, the Mt. Baegamsan region, located on Nakdong-jungmaek, was estimated to be dispersal routes for plant expansion and retreat.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 1981

The run-off experiment plots had been established for eight sets of plot comprising four treatments with two replications on $20^{\circ}$ slope land having the Wait-A-Bit Clay soil(locally known), at the Olive River Soil Conservation Centre, Trelawny in Jamaica. The location of plots was about 820 metres m.s.l. and sloped north-west. Each plot size was determined as $40m^2$ having 2.7 m wide and 15.8 m long along slope. All of the run-off soil and water were collected by using the receiving tanks through the collection troughs and conveyance pipes. These run-off materials were measured and sampled, dried and computed for determination of the soil loss from each treatment of plots. During the first period of experiment for about 10 month which was one crop-year cycle of yam crop, total amount of 1,295 mm rainfall received. The heaviest daily rainfall was recorded as 116.2 mm on August 5 followed by 100.4 mm on August 6, 1980. The soil sediment had been collected and analysed for eleven times during this experiment. Total amounts of soil sediment as over-dried weight by the treatment plot were estimated as 182 ton/ha from treatment I, 105 tons/ha from treatment II, 50 tons/ha from treatment III, 43 tons/ha from treatment IV respectively. It is recommendable at present that the treatment III and IV measure which treated with contour mounds with the hillside ditch and grass buffer strip should be adopt4ed for hillside farming particularly with yam cultivation in Jamaica.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.37-44
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• 2019

This study was conducted to identify the distribution characteristics of small village wetlands in Geumsan County, an inland mountain zone, and comparing with Seocheon County, a coastal plain area with different ecological environment characteristics. Using Arc-GIS (v10.1) the village wetland code was extracted to derive the possible location of the village wetland, and the final distribution of the village was obtained by performing indoor judging work based on satellite images, aerial photographs, topographical maps, Korea Land Information System (KLIS), land use level, land cover degree (division), and land use status by local surveying and indoor analyzing. Although Geumsan County (576.66km2) is more than 60% larger than Seocheon County (358.04km2), 607 villages in Geumsan County and 570 villages in Seocheon County are capable of making similar levels of 106.5% of wetlands, but only a fraction of those in Seocheon County were found to be 67.6%. The density of the village wetlands was much lower than that of Seocheon County, a coastal plain area, because there were many mountainous areas in Geumsan County, and most of the wetlands temporarily created for water supply were removed during the analysis phase of the Jeongsa Image, so the actual wetlands of the village were judged to be only two-thirds different from those of Seocheon County.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.98-110
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• 2011

Seochon('West Village') is located in the west side of Gyeongbokgung(Gyeongbok Royal Palace) inside the old city wall of Seoul. Seochon has beautiful scenic view surrounding Mt. Inwang and has been known as the representative historical and cultural landscape region in Korea that historical and cultural resources are rich. But when the figure of Seochon which has repeated the changes with the ones of the times is considered, values of beauty of natural landscape that Seochon had and its own placeness have not been gradually recognized as it has been swept away in logic of the development on the strength of economics. This study tries to examine the original form of landscape on Seochon which can be the standard of landscape change, the causes and process of its change and possibility to conserve and restore it to recognize potential value about historical culture of Seochon landscape and conserve and protect it. For this, this study compared and analyzed literature including poems and Yusangi, paintings and names of the scenery of the seasons as the landscape texts with the current status. The study result has found that Pilwundae should rehabilitate cultural assets to secure the prospect right and protect neighboring bedrock, Suseong-dong should expand the restoration areas focusing on the projects to make parks which are now being restored, Cheonghwigak and Cheongpunggye areas should restore waterways including historicity which is connected to figures and Seshimdae and Baekun-dong green zone should set the protective area for conservation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.76-85
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• 2023

This study aimed to understand social interactions by observing the courtship and attack behavior between individuals of 15 (6 females and 9 males) Reeves' turtle (Mauremys reevesii) in captivity in the Wolchulsan National Park. CCTV was installed in the study area from May 18, 2020 to October 19, 2020 and recorded 3 days a week (24 hours/day) for a total of 64 days and analyzed at intervals of 10 minutes per hour. Male turtle courtship was observed 884 times in total, with the heaviest females receiving the highest courtship frequency (357 times) and the smallest females receiving the least courtship (3 times). Of a total of observed 259 aggressive behaviors, 30 were for female to female, 81 for male to male, and 148 for female to male. Dominance hierarchy identified based on the result ranked females higher overall than males, and the larger the body, the higher the ranking. This study was the first in Korea to confirm individuals with high probability of reproduction through the frequency of courtship in the Reeves' turtle and investigate dominance hierarchy according to attack behavior. Our results can be used as reference behavioral data for managing and protecting the endangered Reeves' turtles and will help us understand their social structure.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.35-58
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• 2023

In this study, we conducted a flora survey at Mt.Bakdal (363m) and Mt. Myeongbong (245.3m) in Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do. A total of 405 taxa, including 2 forms, 32 varieties, 8 subspecies, 363 species, 261 genera, and 87 families, were surveyed in the two mountain areas. The ferns were identified as 12 taxa from 6 families, the gymnosperms as 6 taxa from 2 families, the dicotyledonous plants as 290 taxa from 70 families, and the monocotyledonous plants as 97 taxa from 9 families. The remarkable plants included 8 taxa of the Korean endemic plants, which were Populus tomentiglandulosa, Salix koriyanagi, Clematis brachyura, Viola seoulensis, Forsythia koreana, Paulownia coreana, Weigela subsessilis, and Hemerocallis hakuunensis, and 3 taxa of the rare and endangered plants as designated by the Korea Forest Service, including Tylophora floribunda as Vulnerable (VU) species, and Viola albida and Chionanthus retusus as Least Concern (LC) species. The invasive alien plants were 35 taxa, including Rumex crispus, Phytolacca americana, Cerastium glomeratum, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium ficifolium, Lepidium virginicum, Amorpha fruticosa, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Trifolium repens, accounting for 8.5 percent of the 405 taxa of the surveyed plants. We intend to further identify plants through the studies on unsurveyed areas in the western part of the DMZ, identify the native habitats of rare and specialty plants, and use them as basic data for managing ecosystem-disturbing plants.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.98-106
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• 2011

Establishing conservation programs to protect and maintain populations of endangered species are not only a global trend, but also a pursuit endorsed by the Korean Environmental Conservation Act. This study evaluates the feasibility of alternative habitat patches for the endangered butterfly Parnassius bremeri. A portion of habitat of P. bremeri is expected to be fragmented and damaged due to the scheduled construction of the Sangju-Yongduk Highway. A trans fer of the habitat patches of P. bremeri is also scheduled. In order to select an alternative habitat patch, the Mark-Release-Recapture (MRR) method was used to simulate a patch transfer model. The connectedness between habitat are as and the survival of local populations were evaluated for each candidate habitat. It was found that metapopulations with patch distances of <250m showed a 50% connectedness and survival rate in local populations. P. bremeri were expected to migrate at an average distance of 300m. In addition, P. bremeri formed a metapopulation that exhibited intimate patch dynamics that promoted persistence among these patches. Possible candidate habitats including those recommended by local governing bodies were evaluated along with habitats that may counter problems arising from the damage done to the original habitat and habitats that may have a compensatory value equal to that of the original habitat. Based on these criteria, Ansa-myeon township office was selected due to its high scores. This scoring was based on a consideration of a wide range of variables that mark a successful transfer of habitat. These include the amount of funding available, the governing bodies of the possible alternative habitat, and the Expected collaborative effort of local citizens. This decision was collaborated on by incorporating the expertise of various fields of study including biology, ecology, biogeography, ecological engineering, landscape architecture, and social sciences. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to evaluate an alternative habitat for organisms, many social issues as well as ecological issues must be considered.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.237-246
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• 2014

Seasonal variations of major contaminants in groundwater around livestock burial areas in Gyeonggi province, Korea, were examined. Seven typical contamination indicators ($NO_3$-N, $NH_3$-N, chloride, pH, DO, ORP, and EC) were monitored in groundwater samples collected from 84 wells located within 60 m of livestock burial sites for the leachate plume emanating from the livestock burial sites. The monitoring results of pH, DO, ORP, and EC revealed minimal seasonal variations, providing no evidence for leachate plumes. The $NO_3$-N concentrations were below 30 mg/L and exhibited minimal seasonal fluctuations, even in the wells located close to (< 20 m) the burial sites; the $NH_3$-N and chloride concentrations also showed similar results. The contamination indicators examined in this study indicate that the observed groundwater contamination is primarily from preexisting pervasive contamination due to agricultural activities and livestock farming, not leachates derived from nearby livestock burial sites.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.76-84
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• 2010

Darangyi paddy in Namhae Gachon village provides natural beauty with its distinct location. Darangyi is a traditional Korean landscape, shaping a circular form to serve continuous cultivation. Despite the paddy's landscape, it is difficult to preserve its natural scenery due to many factors such as inadequate visual analysis. Under the belief that there is a necessity to preserve Darangyi paddy, the research in visual features of the paddy began to illustrate the relevance between its viewpoint and landscape objects. First, we researched typical view structures. When considering the visual features, Darangyi paddy landscape objects has a viewpoint from the horizontality to its below, which its center area is about $-5^{\circ}{\sim}-30^{\circ}$. From the analyzed data, the scenary of Darangyi paddy, which most people agree its decency, is formed in a visually decent location. The above type of measure of visual structure in Darangyi paddy is expected to be applied in maintenance of foothold of views in the future. Second, the surrounding elements play important parts to form the whole landscape of Gachon Darangyi paddy. Although Darangyi paddy is the principal part of the scenary, the landscape analysis showed a high relevance with the paddy's identity, forest around the paddy, sky, ocean, settlements, and the roads in terms of visual perception. It was affirmed that those elements around the paddy play important parts in structuring and providing the beauty of the whole landscape. Various viewy objects are seen obvious especially in a long distance, and the splendid scenary proved that those viewy objects are in indispensable location. In order to preserve the paddy, it seems necessary to consider the surrounding envrionment of Darangyi paddy, not just the paddy's sole landscape form. Third, Darangyi paddy has a distinct seasonal characteristics. According to the survey analysis, the full heading time in spring and time when people can take a picture against the sun light proved magnificence of Darangyi paddy. Thus, it would be ideal to maintain Darangyi paddy by securing the sunlight condition with decent landscape view and the views from its surrounding environments or researching the ways to principally maintain the surrounding environments.