• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.308-315
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• 2015

The purpose of this study, using 3D printer, was tried to fabricate the short arm cast of mesh types that can be hygienic and adequate ventilation with a good radiography. We used the multi channel computed tomography (MDCT) with three dimension printer device of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) techniques. The material is used a degradable plastic (poly lactic acid, PLA). Three-dimensional images of the short arm were obtained in the MDCT and then make the three-dimensional volume rendering. Three dimension volume rendering of the short arm is implemented as a tomography obtained in MDCT. Virtual mesh type cast model was output as three-dimensional images is designed based on the three-dimensional images of the short arm. As a results, the cast output by 3D printers were able to obtain excellent radiograph images than the conventional cast, and then it can decreased itching with unsanitary, and can break down easily to the cast. In conclusion, the proposed virtual mesh type cast output by 3D printers could be used as a basis for future three-dimensional printing cast productions and offered help to patients in the real life.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.169-175
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• 2015

Urine and/or feces disposal systems are expected to replace the diapers currently used for urine and feces disposal for the elderly with urinal and/or fecal incontinence. The are designed to detect the urine and/or feces, cleanse the excremental body organs with water transported from a cleansing water container in the main body, suction them into a fluid waste storage container for future disposal, and dry the area with hot air supplied also from the main body. These systems thus could relieve the chores of a caregiver and could also enhance the patient's hygiene. We reviewed in this paper the detection systems of urine and feces, the main components of the urine and feces disposal systems, and tried to classify the systems currently available in the market.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.14-28
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• 2005

Functional school planning has long been considered a fundamental concept of school design. However. in planning educational facilities, it is also important to include the dimensions of comfort, convenience and healthfulness. The school lavatories and drinking fountains are one of most crucial elements for the recent changing face in healthful school design, but the number of lavatories and drinking fountains in most schools may not be sufficient to meet current needs. This study aims to suggest a guideline in designing school sanitary fixture and propose the optimal number of lavatories and drinking fountains regarded to age and sex. The survey is conducted through questionnaires collected from 998 respondents including 300 teachers In ChungNam province. Based on the results of the survey and a formulae, it is suggested that the number of lavatories be required by ratio of 30 boys per unit fixture and 22 girls per unit fixture in the elementary, middle and high school. It is also suggested that the number of drinking fountains be required by ratio of 65 students per unit fixture. The formulae proposed in this paper can be used for other plumbing fixtures required in school facilities.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.493-503
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• 2021

The study was designed to analyze raw and auxiliary materials of Korean traditional cookies such as Yugwa and Gangjeong, equipment and tools, personal hygiene of workers and microbial contamination of materials by each manufacturing process. In addition, it looked at washing method for reducing microorganisms at the site and reduction effect of microorganisms by frequency in the manufacturing processes of Yugwa. In the process of producing Korean traditional cookies, the level of total aerobic bacteria (TAB) in popped rice was 1.2 Log CFU/g and the level of TAB in finished products increased to 3.7 Log CFU/g. In the process of producing Yugwa, the level of TAB increased to a maximum of 6.5 Log CFU/g in the soaking process but decreased to 1.3 Log CFU/g in the frying process. However, the level of TAB increased again to 1.3 Log CFU/g in finished products that proves its recontamination. It is estimated that he manufacturing process causes cross-contamination that comes from the work tools, equipment or workers. In particular, the spatula, one of the work tools, was found to have 4.4 Log CFU/g of aerobic bacteria and 4.2 Log CFU/g of colon bacillus that show they are highly contaminated. In the soaking process of Yugwa that lasts seven days, the level of TAB was a maximum of 10 Log CFU/g and the level of total colon bacillus was 6.8 Log CFU/g. When compared with washing methods, using hands and tools or running water, it is confirmed that the level of both TAB and total colon bacillus decreased to 5.0 Log CFU/g and 2.8 Log CFU/g respectively when hands were washed with running water 10 times. The above result shows that it's required for workers to wash their hands as well as wash and disinfect work tools and equipment in the process of producing Korean traditional cookies at small-scale companies. In addition, to reduce the level of microbial contamination in finished products, workers are required to apply their reduction method at the site.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the microbial contamination levels in the processing company of Nuroong-ji. Microbial contamination levels were examined for sanitary indication bacteria such as aerobic plate count, coliforms and fungi, and pathogenic bacteria such as Escherchia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. Contamination levels were detected differently according to handling materials and purposing work-space. The equipments and raw materials were not seriously contaminated but there were necessary to attend the cross-contamination. A high contamination level was detected at the process where the interference of the employees was relatively higher than the other process. Standardization of the roasting process (l20~$170^{\circ}C$, about 10 min) could be necessary to control the microbial organism effectively on Nuroong-ji manufacturing process. At small/medium size foodstuff manufacturers, it is the most important to improve the recognition level of individual hygiene but also expand a hygiene facility.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.203.2-203.2
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• 2016

미생물이 스스로 생성한 고분자 물질에 싸이며 군집체를 형성한 바이오필름은 고체 표면에 부착되며 우리 생활 속에 다양한 형태로 발견할 수 있다. 바이오필름은 미생물에 적합하지 않은 외부 환경으로부터 미생물 스스로 보호하는 기능을 하며, 형성된 바이오필름은 오랜 기간 동안 생존하여 살균제나 항생제로부터 저항성을 가져 살균과정에서 제거되지 않고 2차오염을 야기할 수 있어 식품 가공 기계 및 수도관, 의료기기 등에 형성되었을 경우 식품 오염, 상처 감염 등의 원인이 된다. 이 때문에 위생과 바이오필름의 상관관계를 인지하고 이를 제어하기 위한 연구가 여러 방법으로 진행되고 있다. 대표적인 방법으로는 천연 향균제 개발, 쿼럼 센싱(Quoroum sensing)과 같이 미생물의 신호전달 체계를 차단하는 물질 개발 및 플라즈마 처리 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 격자형식의 유전장벽방전(DBD) 형식의 플라즈마 소스를 개발하여 바이오필름의 효과적인 제어 가능성을 확인하고, 제어 방식의 관계를 파악하였다. 플라즈마 처리 대상의 화학적 분석을 위하여 유기물질 등을 사용해 플라즈마 처리수 내 화학물질 분석 시스템을 구축하여 이를 기반으로 플라즈마로 생성된 HNO2, NO2-, H2O2 등의 화학종이 가지는 바이오필름 제어 관계를 살펴보았으며, 화학적 방법인 제어효과와 비교하여 플라즈마의 바이오필름 제어 특성에 대해 살펴보았다. 본 발표에서 플라즈마의 바이오필름 제어효과에 대한 분석에 대해 더 자세한 결과가 발표될 예정이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.1064-1072
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to gain an overview of practices and effect evaluation of oven utilization at school foodservice facilities in Daegu and Gyeongbuk province. Out of 147 dieticians, who responded for questionnaires, 44 dieticians used the oven and 103 dieticians did not use the oven. All statistical analyses were conducted with the SPSS 14.0 statistical software program. With regard to the style of foodservice system, 74.4% were urban, 23.3% were rural, and 2.3% were remote country. Also, 23.3% of school foodservices produced meals by batch cooking. According to the results of the expected effect and using effect analysis for 27 items, the average of evaluation score about expected effect was 1.64 points and that of using effect was 1.61 points. Both expected effect and using effect had higher scores than average points in 13 items out of 27 items. Using effect had higher scores than expected effect in 4 items. In conclusion, using ovens could help to increase foodservice satisfaction of students at school foodservice, because it can improve the various cooking methods and the food safety management. Therefore, it is important to modernize and automate cooking equipment for quality improvement of school foodservice operations.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.603-611
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• 2015

This research is aimed at cutting off hearing loss and other harmful factors due to noise and providing basic material for noise reduction plan. As the research method, this research assessed noise by measuring acoustic pressure level and frequency in various situation of non-treatment and treatment. As the measurement result, average noise degree of high speed handpiece of non-treatment, ultrasonic waves scaler, and low speed handpiece showed 58~66 dB(A). Average noise degree of scaling of treatment, tooth elimination, and denture adjust showed 73~81 dB(A). The result is inferior to recognized standards of noise induced hearing loss. But the result of assessing this with (noise rating) NR curve was NR-73~78, which exceeded general workplace noise standard. This level can cause hearing loss when exposed to a long time. Therefore, treatment office noise during dental treatment can cause psychological and physical damage in dental clinic employees, and it is urgently required to establish systematic and active noise reduction plan.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.411-419
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• 2020

With the increasing number of skin care shops, service quality development that can meet the customer needs is needed to obtain differentiated competitive advantage. Accordingly this study was attempted to provide basic data on marketing necessary for operating a skin care shop by identifying the impact of service quality on perceived reciprocity and long-term relationship orientation among the customers using a skin care shop. This study conducted a survey of 290 female customers using skin care shops located in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, Jeollanamdo and Jeollabukdo, and Gyeongsangnamdo and Gyeongsangbukdo through personal visit, e-mail, and post service, and the collected data were analyzed with SPSS Ver. 18.0 and Amos Ver. 18.0. As a result, it was proven that overall goodness-of-fit to the theoretical model of the research hypotheses set in this study is good. In Hypothesis 1, "Skin care specialist's work ability, facility and sanitation, and care products had a significant positive (+) impact on perceived reciprocity," which was partially adopted. In Hypothesis 2, "Skin care specialist's work ability, care products, and devices and tools had a significant positive (+) impact on long-term relationship orientation," which was adopted. In Hypothesis 3, "Perceived reciprocity had a significant positive (+) impact on long-term relationship orientation," which was adopted. Therefore, it can be concluded that skin care specialist's work ability, facility and sanitation, care products, and devices and tools are the service quality elements for allowing customers to feel thankful or encouraging them to visit the skin care shops continuously.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.208-215
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• 2005

The 10mm diameter aggregates made of clay, carbon and $Fe_2O_3$ were prepared to investigate the mechanism of black core formation. The specific gravity, absorption rate, percent of black core area, fracture strength, total Fe analysis, and XRF were measured at various compositions, sintering temperatures, sintering times, sintering atmospheres, and sintering methods. Small addition of $Fe_2O_3$ did not affect physical properties of the aggregates; however, the percent of black core area increased with increasing carbon contents and increasing sintering temperature. Specific gravity of the aggregates decreased and the water absorption ratio increased with increasing percent of black core area. The aggregates sintered at oxidation atmosphere showed clear border between shell and black core area. Hence, the aggregates sintered at reduction atmosphere showed only black core area in the cross-section of the aggregates. The specific gravity of the aggregates sintered at reduction atmosphere increased with increasing carbon contents and that was the lowest of all comparing other aggregates sintered at different atmospheres. Adsorption rate increased with increasing carbon contents at all atmospheres. The fast sintered aggregates showed lower specific gravity, higher absorption rate, and more black core area than the normally sintered aggregates. It was turned out that the aggregates having more black core area showed higher fracture strength than that of aggregates with no black core area. From the total Fe analysis, the concentration of Fe and FeO was higher at black core area than at shell. Because the concentration of $Fe_2O_3$ in the shell was higher than other area, the color of the shell appeared red. It was also turned out from the XRF analysis that carbon was exist only at black core area.