• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.473-476
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• 2018

Herein, a $2{\times}2$ subarray antenna is designed to implement a VHF band active electronically scanned array. The Yagi-Uda antenna is used as a radiating element. The bandwidth enhancement and miniaturization of the Yagi-Uda antenna are achieved by optimizing the diameter of a driven element and the length of a director. In addition, the grid reflector is utilized to improve the front-to-back ratio(FBR) and to reduce both the wind resistance and overall system weight. The fabricated $2{\times}2$ subarray antenna fully covers the VHF target band($0.98{\sim}1.02f_c$). The measured maximum gain is 10.61 dBi and the FBR is larger than 26 dB.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.220-224
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• 2017

In this paper, a method of feeding for the near field beam scanning array antenna with three dimensional focal point has been studied. The conventional array antenna theory is mostly about the far field points. The basic idea is to feed the transmitted signal so that it is in phase at the desired point. In this study, a method is proposed to compensate the phase to have the maximum received power at the point where the measurement point distance is near to the array antenna size. In the proposed method, 11 point source antennas are arrayed in three ways in free space. And the contour map is plotted by calculating the radiation patterns in the three dimensional space and the received signal intensities in the plane within the near space. As a result, it was confirmed that 3 dimensional beam scanning is possible also in the near field of the array antenna.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.828-833
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• 2018

It is well known that reflected waves and resonance affect phase distortion. In addition, phase delay can be distorted by antenna impedance. In this study, we analyze the phase delay variation caused by the antenna impedance, considering mutual coupling effects. In addition, we confirm the beam steering characteristics. When was -10 dB and -7 dB, the maximum phase delay error was $18.5^{\circ}$ and $26.5^{\circ}$, respectively. The Monte Carlo simulation with an eight-element linear array antenna demonstrated that the RMS error of the beam steering angle ranged from $0.19^{\circ}$ to $0.4^{\circ}$, and the standard deviation ranged from $0.14^{\circ}$ to $0.33^{\circ}$ when the beam steering angle was in the range of $0^{\circ}$ to $30^{\circ}$, with the uniformly distributed phase error of $18.5^{\circ}$ and $26.5^{\circ}$. The side lobe level increased from 0.74 dB to 1.21 dB by the phase error from the theoretical value of -12.8 dB, with a standard deviation of 0.31 dB to 0.51 dB. This is verified by designing an eight-element spiral array antenna.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.76-82
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• 2010

For the purpose of controlling the beam tilt angle of the base station sector array antenna, phase shifter is used. Phase angles of this antenna depending on the tilt angles are designed, and the patterns on the vertical and horizontal planes are simulated and analyzed for the evaluation of base station antenna. This analysis is used in the optimal design of base station antenna because of maximum cell coverage and incremented traffic capacity, decreased interference.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.308-315
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• 2002

In this paper, the 5-bit digital phase shiftier with 10 InGaAs HEMTs is designed and fabricated for U.S. mobile DBS receiving active phased array antenna system in 12 GHz band. 11.25 $^{\circ}$, 22.5$^{\circ}$ and 45$^{\circ}$ phase bits are designed in leaded-line type. 90$^{\circ}$ and 180$^{\circ}$ phase bits are designed in reflection type combined with ring hybrid. The return loss more than 17.5 ㏈, insertion louts less than 7.8 ㏈, and maximum phase error of $\pm$6$^{\circ}$for 32 phase responses are measured in 12.2 GHz~ 12.7 GHz band.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.984-989
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• 2000

A microstrip patch array designed at 35 GHz is described for use in the detection of the position of moving targets. To obtain wide detection range, the array is arranged to give a narrow beamwidth in the elevation plane and a wide beamwidth on the azimuth plane. This can be achieved by aligning the electric field plane of each element to the array axis. Employing a 3 dB-tapered feed network, the array has a side lobe level of less than -20 dB and wider azimuth beam width of 12.8$^{\circ}$ simultaneously.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.735-738
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• 1998

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.1089-1097
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• 2002

In this paper, the novel shipboard Active Phased Array Antenna(APAA) system for maritime mobile satellite communications is introduced. The antenna uses novel technologies like wide range hybrid tracking, single antenna elements with both of Rx and Tx, asymmetrical array structure, interference isolation between Rx and Tx, and error correction method from frequency scan effect. The antenna has single aperture for both of Rx and Tx with 32 $\times$ 4 two-dimensional array. The antenna has two beams. Its frequencies are 7.25 ~ 7.75 GHz for Rx and 7.9 ~ 8.4 GHz for Tx. The antenna gains are 35.4 dBi for Rx and 35.7 dBi for Tx, those are 54 % of efficiency. The electrically steering ranges are $\pm$35$^{\circ}$ of elevation direction and $\pm$4$^{\circ}$ of azimuth direction. The mechanical control ranges at hybrid tracking capability are continuous 360$^{\circ}$ of azimuth direction and $\pm$10$^{\circ}$ of elevation direction. The antenna has 2.2$^{\circ}$ of 3 dB beamwidth, -14 dB of sidelobe level, and 21 dB of cross-pol suppression. The antenna performance was measured by near field measurement set. Its system performance was tested on the ship motion simulator and with the satellite transponder simulator. The test result showed that its tracking error was within -3 dB from its peak gain under motion condition. The antenna system was tested by real modulated Direct Broadcasting Satellite(DBS) signals to check its communication processing function.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.628-635
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• 1999

At center frequency of 11.85 GHz, wideband left-handed circularly polarized microstrip array antenna is designed with the method of sequential ratation based on $2\times2$ radiation elements($0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$ phase delay). Its return loss, axial ratio bandwidth, radration pattern, and gain are compared with those adopting sequential rotation based on $1\times2$ radiation elements($0^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $180^{\circ}$, $270^{\circ}$phase delay). The $8\times8$ array is manufactured and measured. The results show that 10 dB return loss bandwidth is 10.51~12.74GHz(18.82%) which is 1.57 times wider than the case using $1\times2$ sequential rotation method, 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth is 11.43~12.5 GHz(9.03%) which is 1.25 times as wide as that using $1\times2$ sequential rotation method and the antennal gain is 25.4 dB. The results of mesurements are almost similar to those of simulation.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1110-1116
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a conformal Ku-band data link antenna to ensure low RCS of stealth UAV. As a phased array antenna with electrical beam steering function, a transmitter and a receiver were designed and manufactured for FDD communication, respectively. Each antenna is designed as a 12*12 planar array antenna and has a function to form a uni-directional pattern and a bi-directional pattern through phase control of unit elements. The beam steering range is designed to be able to steer up to 60 degrees in theta direction and 360 degrees in the phi direction. As a result of manufacturing and measurement, the conformal type radome has low transmission loss and meets the required specifications including system performance. The feasibility of mounting the stealth UAV has been confirmed, and future research directions such as interworking of baseband devices and conversion to digital beam steering function are suggested.