• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.145-153
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• 2012

In this study, we quantify the residual motion artifact in 4D-CT scan using the dynamic lung phantom which could simulate respiratory target motion and suggest a simple one-dimension theoretical model to explain and characterize the source of motion artifacts in 4DCT scanning. We set-up regular 1D sine motion and adjusted three level of amplitude (10, 20, 30 mm) with fixed period (4s). The 4DCT scans are acquired in helical mode and phase information provided by the belt type respiratory monitoring system. The images were sorted into ten phase bins ranging from 0% to 90%. The reconstructed images were subsequently imported into the Treatment Planning System (CorePLAN, SC&J) for target delineation using a fixed contour window and dimensions of the three targets are measured along the direction of motion. Target dimension of each phase image have same changing trend. The error is minimum at 50% phase in all case (10, 20, 30 mm) and we found that ${\Delta}S$ (target dimension change) of 10, 20 and 30 mm amplitude were 0 (0%), 0.1 (5%), 0.1 (5%) cm respectively compare to the static image of target diameter (2 cm). while the error is maximum at 30% and 80% phase ${\Delta}S$ of 10, 20 and 30 mm amplitude were 0.2 (10%), 0.7 (35%), 0.9 (45%) cm respectively. Based on these result, we try to analysis the residual motion artifact in 4D-CT scan using a simple one-dimension theoretical model and also we developed a simulation program. Our results explain the effect of residual motion on each phase target displacement and also shown that residual motion artifact was affected that the target velocity at each phase. In this study, we focus on provides a more intuitive understanding about the residual motion artifact and try to explain the relationship motion parameters of the scanner, treatment couch and tumor. In conclusion, our results could help to decide the appropriate reconstruction phase and CT parameters which reduce the residual motion artifact in 4DCT.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.95-96
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• 2011

본 논문은 표면탄성파(Surface Acoustic Wave)의 특성을 이용하여 반사되어 돌아오는 피크 신호를 통해 개체를 식별하며 온도 변화에 따른 위상의 변화를 갖는 ID 태그 및 온도 센서의 제작공정과 네트워크 분석기를 이용한 측정에 대해 소개한다. 표면탄성파 마이크로센서는 IDT(interdigital trancducer)와 ID 번호를 갖는 리플렉터, 온도 변화에 따른 위상 변위를 관찰하기 위한 리플렉터로 구성된다. 제작된 두 개의 소자는 49(0110001), 113(1110001)의 ID 번호를 가지고 있으며, 1 us에서 기준신호를 관찰할 수 있도록 한 개의 리플렉터를 추가적으로 포함한다. 또한 온도 변화에 따른 전파 속도의 변화로 인해 발생 하는 위상 변화를 관찰하기 위한 리플렉터를 포함한다. $41^{\circ}$YX $LiNbO_3$ 압전기판, AZ1512 감광제, 알루미늄을 이용하여 제작 되었고 네트워크 분석기를 통해 출력된 신호로 ID 번호를 식별하고 $30^{\circ}C$에서 $120^{\circ}C$까지의 온도 변화에 따른 위상 변화를 측정하였다.

• 프린팅코리아
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.108-111
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• 2008

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to characterize students' conceptions on causes of the phases of the moon. For this purpose, students were given a worksheet for argumentative writing activity where in they need to choose the right answer between five statements and provide reasonable evidences about causes of the phases of the moon. Written arguments collected were used as analysis data and TAP(Toulmin's argument pattern) including conceptual analysis of TAP elements were utilized to figure out logical structures and subordinate conceptions. The result showed that students had various alternative concepts about causes of the phases of the moon and associated with celestial. Also 70.5% of subjects had incomplete argument structures, and error types of concepts had difference according to types of alternative concepts as well as TAP. These results mean that importance of checking students' preconceptions, need of scientific argumentation, and appropriate instructional strategies considering alternative conception types and fallacy types that students had.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.22-26
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• 2003

EFPI (extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer) 센서를 이용해 복합재료의 파손 신호를 취득하기 위해서는 파손 신호에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 주파수의 열적, 기계적 정적 변형에 의해 발생하는 위상 변화를 보상해 주는 기술이 필요하다. 또한 센서의 민감도를 최적화하기 위해 출력 신호의 위상을 Quadrature 지점에 유지시켜야 한다. 본 논문에서는 EFPI 센서 시스템의 출력 신호위상을 일정하게 유지시킬 수 있는 안정화 제어 시스템을 개발하였다. 안정화 제어 시스템은 광대역 파장 레이저 광원, 가변 F-P (Fabry-Perot) 필터 그리고 필터를 제어한 수 있는 전자 회로시스템으로 구성하였다. 개발된 시스템의 위상 제어 성능을 평가하기 위해 복합재료 시편의 인장 실험을 수행하여 인장 변형에 의해 발생하는 위상 변화를 개발된 시스템을 이용해 Quadrature 지점에 일정하게 유지할 수 있음을 보였다. 또한 연필심 파손 실험을 통해 개발된 시스템이 파손 신호를 잘 취득할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• The Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.66-74
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• 1996

최근 진행파형 초음파 모터는 그 구조가 간단하고, 저속 고 토크이어서 직접 구동()용으로 많은 호응을 얻고 있다. 또한 응답이 빠르고, 정지 토크가 크며 설계자유도가 높을 뿐만 아니라 운전시 소음이 없고 자계에 강해 자동화 설비 분야 등 산업 전반에 걸쳐 매우 각광을 받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 초음파 모터의 2상 입력전원의 위상차를 조절하여 속도와 토크 특성을 이론적으로 고찰하고, 이를 토대로 위상차 제어기를 설계 제작하였다. 그리고 이를 이용하여 위상차 제어방식을 채용한 경우 초음파 모터의 위치 및 속도제어는 물론 간단한 알고리즘으로 토크 제어가 가능함을 시뮬레이션과 실험을 통하여 검토하였다. 실험 결과 위상차 변화에 따라 속도가 토크가 거의 비례해서 변화하였다. 이것으로 전원 전압의 위상차 조절을 통해서 속도와 토크를 동시에 제어할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 토크센서 없이 각도 센선 만으로도 위치제어는 물론 토크 제어도 큰 오차 없이 행할 수 있음을 밝혔다.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.103-116
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore $6^{th}$ graders learning progression for lunar phase change focusing astronomical systems thinking. By analyzing the results of previous studies, we developed the constructed-response items, set up the hypothetical learning progressions, and developed the item analysis framework based on the hypothetical learning progressions. Before and after the instruction on the lunar phase change, we collected test data using the constructed-response items. The results of the assessment were used to validate the hypothetical learning progression. Through this, we were able to explore the learning progression of the earth-moon system in a bottom-up. As a result of the study, elementary students seemed to have difficulty in the transformation between the earth-based perspective and the space-based perspective. In addition, based on the elementary school students' learning progression on lunar phase change, we concluded that the concept of the lunar phase change was a bit difficult for elementary students to learn in elementary science curriculum.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.289-301
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• 2015

This study noted that elementary school students were unable to accurately comprehend the principles of moon phase changes and that teachers themselves lacked a full understanding of it as well. Therefore, this study classifies conception types through 161 5th grade respondents and suggests how to change students' conception types through the use of reconstructed teaching and learning materials (that have been developed in existing studies). It verified the changes in the learning achievement of 129 5th grade respondents and analyzed how to think about reconstructed teaching and learning materials through four teacher respondents and four 5th grade respondents from the same study. The results of this study are as follows: First, the conception types on moon phase changes were classified into C and W types. W types consisted of W1, W2, W3, W4, and W5 types. Students had difficulty in understanding the principles of a waxing crescent moon and first quarter phase changes. Second, the group taking classes, which implemented reconstructed teaching and learning materials, showed greater improvement in learning achievement posttest and long-term tests compared to those who have not. Finally, teachers and students reacted positively to the reconstructed teaching and learning materials as shown in exit survey results. In conclusion, it is suggested that teachers are better off utilizing reconstructed teaching and learning materials so that elementary school students may fully understand the principles of moon phase changes rather than just memorizing the results.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.521-526
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• 2003

This paper describes performance data and design information on a reflection-type analog phase shifter used in Ka-band. Arranging a couple of GaAs hyperabrupt junction varactor diode parallel in a circuit, and applying reactance matching method accordingly, it is possible to 831 a large the phase shift. Design equation is formulated theoretically. Since the assembly process is important in Ka-band, this paper also includes the assembly process that is essential to minimize the generation of parasitic elements during the assembly process. It is obtained variable phase shift 220$^{\circ}$${\pm}$7$^{\circ}$ and insertion loss 5 dB${\pm}$1 dB as a measured result larger than the existing figure in Ka-band.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1990.07a
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• pp.73-77
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• 1990

홀로그래피 간섭무늬로부터 변형의 요철방향을 구하기 위하여 위상변위방법을 응용하였다. 위상변위법에 의하여 물체파의 위상을 변화시켜 이에따른 홀로그래피 간섭무늬의 이동을 측정하였다. 간섭무늬가 일정지점을 중심으로 좌우로 이동하는 현상으로부터 변형의 요철방향을 파악하고 최대지점의 위치를 구할 수 있었다.