• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 1998

The study was designed to investigate implicit and explicit memory effec representations of bilinguals. Hierarchical model of bilingual information processing word naming and translation tasks in the context of semantically categorized or rar Experiments 1 and 2, bilinguals first viewed stimulus words and performed naming or tr then implicit and explicit memory tasks. In experiment I, word recognition times(exp were significantly faster for semantic category condition than random category condi naming task and lexical decision taskOmplicit memory task)showed no difference in e experiment 2, naming task and exlicit memory task showed categorization effect but fOWE a and implcit memory task showed no categorization effect. These findings support the which posits that memory representations of bilinguals are composed of two independer a and one common conceptual store.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1013-1025
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze longitudinal effect of physical education activity (PEA) score on self-rated health evaluation change (SHEC). This study used hierarchical linear and nonlinear models to investigate of the SHEC during the transition into adolescence (from middle school 1st to high school 2nd grade). Using the Korea children and youth panel survey (KCYPA), data were collected over the course of five years (from 2010 and 2014). HLM 6.8 computer program was used to analyze the data. The result were as follows. First, boys' SHEC increased across the five years, and girls' SHEC decreased across the five years. Second, boys' the self-rated health was increased across the three years and decreased across the two years. Third, girls' the self-rated health was increased across the two years and decreased across the three years. Fourth, the PEA score of 1st grade of high school showed a significant positive association with the boys' SHEC. Fifth, the PEA score of 1st grade of middle school showed a significant negative association with the girls' SHEC.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2015

This paper analyzes the determinants of wage for the college and university graduates utilizing both individual-level and industry-level variables. We note that wage determination has multi-level structure in the sense that individual wage is influenced by individual-level variables (level-1) and industry-level (level-2) variables. Then, the assumption that individual wage is independent in the classical regression is violated. Therefore, this paper utilizes the hierarchical linear model (HLM). The major results are the followings. First, the multiple correspondence analysis including level-1 and 2 variables reveals that both level 1 and level 2 variables affects individual wages judging from the fact that the values of level 1 and level 2 variables differ across the different level of individual wage groups. Second, the decision tree analysis including level-1 and 2 variables shows that the most influential variable in wage determination is industry-level wage and the next is industry-level working hour, ages and sex in the decling order in. This suggests that the utilization of the HLM is appropriate since the characteristics of industry is important in determining the individual wage. Third, it is shown that the HLM model is the best compared to the other models which do not take level-1 and level-2 variables simultaneously into account.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.3D
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• pp.469-476
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• 2011

The purposes of research is to understand the need of and the effectiveness of multilevel model to evaluate community support program in watershed areas. If the properties of policy target have hierarchical characteristics, the multilevel analysis is an adequate method to evaluate and test the effectiveness of policy. Also, the technique of multilevel modeling is extended to testing the relevance between performance appraisal and policy effectiveness. The case study of watershed region's community support program was estimated using satisfaction and economic aid level of policy target. This research has three results. First, the multilevel analysis should be used in nested data structure to estimate the effect of policy intervention. Second, the indexes of multilevel modeling should be used complementally to that of the traditional index approach. Third, the spatial hierarchical structure should be considered as the hierarchical structure in policy evaluation.

• Korean Public Administration Review
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.109-132
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• 2014

본 연구는 조직관리자의 조직 내부 및 외부관리 노력과 관리경력 등 관리자의 개인적 특성이 조직구성원의 직무만족에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증적 분석을 실시한다. 층화군집추출로 표집된 한국의 150개 중학교에 대해 3년간 학교, 교장 및 교사 조사를 통해 얻어진 다중원천 자료에 근거하여 위계적 선형모형(HLM)분석을 실시한 결과, 조직관리자인 교장의 관리경력 등 개인적 특성과 함께 교장의 내부관리 노력과 상부기관 및 학부모 등 주요 이해관계자에 대한 의견수렴 등 외부관리 노력이 모두 교사들의 직무만족에 긍정적 영향을 미치고 있음을 발견하였다. 이러한 결과는 선행연구에서 제시하는 개인 및 조직수준 직무만족 설명변수들인 교사의 인구통계학적 특성, 직무동기, 자기효능감, 학교유형, 조직규모, 소재지역, 학교자원 등을 모두 통제한 상태에서 나타났다는 점에서 최근 공공관리 문헌에서 주목받고 있는 관리가 중요하다(management matters)는 주장의 한국적 맥락에서의 타당성을 지지하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1009-1020
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• 2010

In this study, we applied a hierarchial linear model to Anyang city data because students and their schools are hierarchial data structure. As a result, main factors which affect parents' satisfaction to school which their children go to are parents' satisfaction to Anyang city's education policies and areas which their schools located at. We suggest based on the analysis by this hierarchial linear model that if Anyang city make educational policies more efficient and effective in order for students to study in public school without private education and if Anyang city improve environment related with school like those of new cities, parents' satisfaction to school which their children go to will be increased.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.6 s.84
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• pp.91-102
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• 2005

When it comes to the process of information storage, people are likely to organize individual information into the forms of groups rather than independent attributes, and put them together in their brains. Likewise, in case of finding the shortest path, this study suggests that a Hierarchical Road Network(HRN) model should be selected to browse the most desirable route, since the HRN model takes the process mentioned above into account. Moreover, most of drivers make a decision to select a route from origin to destination by road hierarchy. It says that the drivers feel difference between the link travel tine which was measured by driving and the theoretical link travel time. There is a different solution which has predicted the link travel time to solve this problem. By using this solution, the link travel time is predicted based on link conditions from time to time. The predicated link travel time is used to search the shortest path. Stochastic Process model uses the historical patterns of travel time conditions on links. The HRN model has compared favorably with the conventional shortest path finding model in tern of calculated speeds. Even more, the result of the shortest path using the HRN model has more similar to the survey results which was conducted to the taxi drivers. Taxi drivers have a strong knowledge of road conditions on the road networks and they are more likely to select a shortest path according to the real common sense.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1.2-1.2
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• 1999

시각적 선택에 대한 과거 정신물리학적, 신경 생리학적 연구결과를 토대로 Feature Gate 라는 신경 망 모형을 제안하였다. 이 모형에는 공간 배치도가 위계 적으로 구성되어 있으며, 정보의 흐름이 위계의 각 수준으로부터 그 다음 수준으로 넘어갈 때 주의 게이트에 의해 조절되도록 되어 있다. 주의 게이트들은 독특한 세부 특징을 가진 위치에 반응하는 상향식 시스템과 표적 세부 특징이 있는 위치에 반응하는 하향식 기제 모두에 의해 조절된다. 본 연구는 Feature Gate 모형의 하향식 기제에 초점을 맞추어 모형을 설명하고, 현재 다른 모형들이 설명하지 못하는 Moran & Desimone(1985)의 연구결과를 이 모형이 어떻게 설명하는지를 제시하고자 한다. Feature Gate 모형은 병렬 적인 세부특징 검색, 계열 적 접합표적 검색, 단서에 의한 주의의 점진적 감소 모형, 세부특징-주도적인 공간적 선택, 주의의 분할, 방해자극 위치의 억제, 주변 억제 등을 포함한 시각적 주의 연구의 여러 가지 많은 현상들을 설명하는데 하나의 일관적인 해석을 제공해 준다. 앞으로 이 모형을 더욱 확장, 발전 시켜 세부특징의 조합된 배열에 반응하는 상위 수준의 유닛을 사용한다면 시각적 선택과정이 포함된 형태 재인 모형으로 개발될 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.169-187
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• 2006

A hierarchical linear model(HLM) provides advantages over existing traditional statistical methods (e.g., ordinary least squares regression, repeated measures analysis of variance, etc.) for analyzing multilevel/longitudinal data or diary methods. HLM can gauge a more precise estimation of lower-level effects within higher-level units, as well as describe each individual's growth trajectory across time with improved estimation. This article 1) provides scholars who study children and families with an overview of HLM (i.e., statistical assumptions, advantages/disadvantages, etc.), 2) provides an empirical study to illustrate the application of HLM, and 3) discusses the application of HLM to the study of children and families. In addition, this article provided useful information on available articles and websites to enhance the reader's understanding of HLM.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.227-244
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• 2009

This study was conducted to develop a multiple-item scale for measuring the food service quality in the restaurant industry. For developing the scale, Kelly Repertory Grid Methods were conducted. Collected data of food service quality were analyzed with the reliability analysis and the factor analysis of SPSS 12.0 and the 3rd-order confirmatory factor analysis of LISREL 8.70. The food service quality model of this study is conceptually based on the Brady and Cronin(2001)'s hierarchical approach to the service quality model. The hierarchical model of the food service quality which comprises three constructs of the physical environment quality, the interaction quality and the food quality as a primary dimension. The hierarchical approaches to the food service quality help overcome the limitations of the SERVQUAL model for which some arguments have been made that it lacks a clear division between the dimensions and its subsequent overlapping between them.