• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.96-103
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• 1987

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2009

There are barley, wheat, oat, rye and triticale winter cereal crops for whole crop silage. These small grains have been suitable to use for round-baled silage making as livestock feed. Studies were carried out to understand the growth and productivity of five winter cereals grown at paddy field in middle region of South Korea. The ratio of culm weight per plant were described by quadratic function for 5 winter cereals crops. The peak of culm ratio were 1 May in barley variety 'Youngyang', 5 May in wheat variety Keumkang', 10 May in rye 'Gogu'(Rye), 11 May in triticale variety 'Shinyoung' and 13 June in oat variety 'Samhan', respectively. The ratio of leaf per plant were linearly decreased by growing. In barley and oat, the ratio of spike weight per plant were linearly increased after heading, but in wheat and triticale, it were not accumulated at one time after heading and rapidly increased after fertilization. The ratio of spike weight per plant in barley was outstandingly higher than that of wheat, triticale, rye and oat, respectively. So, barley variety 'Youngyang' recommended for whole crop forage use was suitable for forage use because of high at ratio of the leaf and spike. The proper cutting date by the percentage of dry matter for baled-silage making, 30$[\sim}$40%, were 25 May in barley variety 'Youngyang', 25 May to 5 June in wheat variety 'Keumkang' and triticale variety 'Shinyoung', 15 May in rye 'Gogu' and 5 June in oat variety 'Samhan', respectively. The total aerial fresh weight accumulation at different cutting dates were described by quadratic function for barley, wheat and triticale. The forage fresh yield were peaked at 7 May in barley, 14 May in wheat, 17 May in triticale and late of May in oat, respectively. The dry matter yields of four small cereals were linearly increased after over-wintering. The yield at the date of proper harvesting time by water content for baled silage making were sequently high oat, barley, wheat, triticale and rye. The relative growth rate was relatively high in rye at early cutting but high in oat at late cutting. In barley, wheat and triticale, the rate were similar.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.4 s.137
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• pp.291-296
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• 2004

Overwintering sites and Seasonal occurrence of various growth stage of the rice black bug, Scotinophara lurida BURMEISTER were studied at the rice paddy field in Chungbuk area, from 1999 to 2001. Attraction by light trap from overwintering site of overwintering adults occurred from early June to mid July and its peak was shown on late June. Eggs were oviposited from early July to early August and its peak appeared in late July. Nymphs were observed from mid July to late September with its peak on mid August. The newly eclosed rice black bugs were found in late August and its peak on mid September. The rice black bug overwintered as adult at mountain foot, banks, and rice paddy levee.

• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.4 no.11
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• pp.87-95
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• 1983

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 1990

Studies were carried out to investigate the overwintering densities of spider mites, hatching rate and time of P. ulmi eggs, and seasonal occurrences of spider mites (P. ulmi and T. urticae) in apple orchards of Kyungpook province from 1987 to 1989. Overwintering density of P. ulmi eggs was higher in Kunwi, Andong, Chilgok but lower in Kyungju. Overovintering densities of T. urticae were high in all the regions. With the hatching time and rate for P. ulmi eggs, the first hatching ate was April 14, and the last was May 3, and the average hatching rate was 89.3%. The density of P. ulmi was high from early May to middle July and T. urticae begin to increase rapidly from middle June and then was continuously high upto fruit harvesting time.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate specific stages and distribution of overwintering nymphs of green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps by measuring head capsule width. The nymphal head capsule width of the 1st instar to the 5th instar was 0.381, 0.502, 0.673, 0.979 and 1.128 mm, respectively. lts coefficient variation was 5.3, 4.0, 3.0, 4.5 and 5.3%, respectively. Growth ratio of each instar was not significantly different among 2nd to 4th instars as 1.31 to 1.34, but for the 5th instar it decreased as 1.28. The logarithm of the nymphal head capsule width was regressed as a function of the stage number of insects, resulting in LogY = 1.4627 + 0.1192X ($r^2= 0.9993$). Also fitness to the Dyar's law for the nymphal head capsule width of each instar was 98% or over and the Dyar's constant (K) was 1.316. The occurrence of N. cincticeps was maximum at the end of January with 195 individuals/0.25 $m^2$. The most abundant instar in the overwintering N. cincticeps population was 4th instar accounting for over 90%. Population of the 5th instar began to increase from mid-March, and adults began to occur in early April.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2010

The occurrence factors of Rice stripe virus (RSV) in Chungcheongbukdo were analyzed by investigating the viruliferous insect rate (VIR) of overwintered small brown plant hopper (SBPH), the population density of SBPH, the infection rate of natural host plants, and the occurrence rate of RSV on rice paddy fields at the 3 areas of Cheongwon, Jincheon, and Boeun in 2008 and 2009. The average VIR of overwintered SBPH was 0.0% in 2008 and 1.1% in 2009. From SBPH collected on early June in 2009, VIR was higher as 1.4% at Jincheon and 4.2% at Boeun than those of overwintered SBPH, and this higher VIR might relate stronlgy with the adult population of SBPH immigrated from China. The populations of SBPH at Cheongwon, Jincheon and Boeun in 2008 were 3.8, 7.5 and 20.8 Head/$m^2$, respectively. However, those of Cheongwon and Jincheon increased up to about two folds as 8.4 and 13.1 in 2009. No RSV was detected on the natural host plants including barley. The factors involved in RSV occurrence were affected negatively by the low VIR of overwintered SBPH, the low population of overwintered SBPH, the low infection rate of RSV on the natural host plants, and the clean cultivation environment in Chungcheongbukdo.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2014

This study was conducted to estimate the Hanwoo carrying capacity when whole crop wheat, as a winter forage crop, was grown on mixed-sowing of legume forage and by applying cattle manure on the productivity and feed value of whole crop wheat during the period of 2012~2013. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with three replications. The main plots consisted of three different culture methods such as whole crop wheat and mixed sowing combination with hairy vetch or forage pea. The subplots consisted of four different applications of cattle manure (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N/ha). The annual amount of dry matter (DM) of whole crop wheat in Gyeongju were higher than those of in Gyeongsan and Yeongju, and the mixed-sowing of hairy vetch mixture was the highest (p<0.05) compared with the single-sowing of whole crop wheat and mixed-sowing of legume in Gyeongju. The DM amounts were increased proportionately corresponded to the applying level of cattle manure, and was found to be significantly (p<0.05) high at the level of 100 and 150 kg/ha groups. With the feed value of forage, the crude protein (CP) contents tended to be higher in the mixed-sowing of legume than the single-sowing of whole crop wheat at the wintering experimental sites of legume. For whole crop wheat, total digestible nutrients (TDN) content was the highest in the mixed sowing plots of forage pea in Gyeongsan; however, there was no significant differences among the single-sowing of whole crop wheat. The carrying capacity of Hanwoo (head/ha) was higher (p<0.05) in Gyeongju (3.83 head) than that in Gyeongsan (3.11) and Yeongju (1.35). Further, the carrying capacity in the single-sowing of whole crop wheat was lower than that in the mixed-sowing of legume, and the hairy vetch was the highest among the mixed-sowing groups (p<0.05). Overall, the present results recommend taking into account the wintering for the mix-sowing of legume in Gyeongbuk province. The cattle manure may be applied for legume in the wintering unavailable regions. In addition, applying cattle manure at the level of 100~150 kg/ha and the mix-sowing of legume may increase the productivity per unit area and feed value, including the CP, for improving the carrying capacity of Hanwoo.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.114-114
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• 2019

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.65-65
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• 2021