• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.93-110
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• 2004

One of the most important things in channel of distribution is the management of intrachannel conflict. In this study, 1 tried to find out the major sources of conflict among distribution channel members of gasolin industry and home electronics industry which have two types of distribution channels - sales branch and agency. I also investigated how the level of conflict influences the business performance of the channel member. The results of the study showed that the imbalance of power, nonfulfillment of roles by manufacturers, nonfulfillment of roles by dealer, divergence in perceptions, intrachannel communication problem have positive relation but role clarity has negative relation with conflict. The results also indicate that the more power supplier exerts upon dealer, the less supplier and dealer practice their roles, and the more communications problem there is, there will be more conflict between channel members. I also analyzed the relationship between conflict and business performance and the result came out as expected: the more conflict there is the less business performance. Some difference was found between sales branch and agency on that aspect. Managerial implications and limitations of the study were also discussed.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.147-156
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• 2001

Titanomagnetites, the primary magnetic mineral in submarine basalts, generally has undergone some degree of low temperature oxidation to cation-deficient titanomaghemites. Synthetic analogues of natural titanomaghemite have been prepared by the removal of iron mechanism employing a low-temperature aqueous oxidation method. Along with the low-temperature oxidation of titanomagnetite, magnetic properties of titanomagnetite change sensitively. The results show that as the degree of oxidation increases, the Curie temperature (Tc) increases from $166^{\circ}C$ to $400^{\circ}C$, saturation magnetization (Ms) at room temperature decreases from 126.30 kAlm (25.26 emu/g) to 16.55 kAlrn (3.31 emu/g) monotonously, and coercive force (Hc) and coercivity of remanence (Hcr) increase from 6.13 kAlm (77 Oe) and 23.24 kAlm (292 Oe) to 38.83 kNm (488 Oe) and 47.03 kAlm (591 Oe), respectively. Low field susceptibility (X) decreases from $2023{\times}10^{-6}SI$ to $84{\times}10^{-6}S1$. Based on the results of this study, it is interpreted that the NRM intensity variations of the oceanic crust of presetnt day to 30 Ma is due to the formation of titanomahemites of various degree of oxidation by the low-temperature aqueous oxidation of titanomagnetite, while the magnetic intensity changes of the oceanic crust older than 30 Ma is presumably caused by the combined effect of the formation of titanomaghemites and subsequent inversion of titanomagnemites. DetaileJ causes of the variations of NRM intensity of the oceanic crust may be revealed by systematic studies of the oceanic-floor basalts in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-26
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• 1993

Leo Kanner (1943)의 자폐증에 관한 획기적 논문발표 50주년을 맞아, 자폐증의 개념변천, 분류, 의학, 원인설 및 자폐증의 본질을 문헌고찰을 통해 살펴 보았다. 초기에 자폐증을 정신병의 아형으로 보다가 1980년 (DMS-III)을 기점으로 전반적 발달장애로의 개념 변천이 일어났다 원인설도, 초기의 심리${\cdot}$환경설은 지지 받지 못하고 1960년대에는 신경${\cdot}$생물학적 이상이 자폐병리의 기저를 이룸이 분명해 졌고 1970년대에는 지각과 운동, 감각과 인지 통합의 결함, 심각한 언어, 인지의 장해가 일차적인 결함으로 생각 되었다 최근 1980년 후반기 부터 상징적${\cdot}$표상적 인지의 결함, 타인의 감정과 생각의 이해 결함, 사회적${\cdot}$정감적 표현의 결함등 사회${\cdot}$정서발달의 이상이 자폐의 근본적 결함이라는 비교 관찰 연구가 많이 보고되어, 자폐증의 근본적이고 일차적인 결함이 정감적 접촉의 선천적 장애라는 Kanner의 놀라운 임상적 통찰을 증명해 주고 있다. 저자는 이상의 광범위한 문헌 고찰을 통해 자폐장애를 일차성 애착장애로 개념화하고 앞으로 치료, 교육의 방향도 일차적으로 사회${\cdot}$정서발달에 촛점을 두어야 하며, 특히 어머니와의 애착증진 치료가 필요함을 제안하고 있다.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.283-290
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• 2004

Purpose: This study elicited Korean women's perceptions of the life situations that contribute to Hwabyung, a culture.bound psychiatric illness in Korea, and delineated a typology of the perceived causative factors for this illness. Method: A purposive sample of 21 Korean women was recruited from a church, a senior center in Seoul and a clinic that provides traditional Korean and westernized medical services to patients in the Gyeonggi area. Inclusion criteria were: 1) the diagnosis of Hwabyung by a traditional doctor or "stress reaction and depression" by a westernized doctor; and 2) a score greater than 40 on the Hwabyung Self.Report Instrument. Surveys using the HSRI and individual interviews using Qmethodology were used. Result: The average age of the participants was 53.7 years(range 35-84). The mean score on the HSRI was 46.2(range = 42-52). Data analysis showed that participants perceived three life situations to cause Hwabyung: vulnerable situation, lowered self.esteem, and negative life events. Conclusions: Korean women, suffering from Hwabyung, perceived at least three different causal patterns for this illness. Nursing care plans should be tailored to meet these differences.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.70-81
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• 2001

The relationships among self efficacy, depression and coping with cancer were examined in 194 outpatients who had received a diagnosis of cancer. The sample for this descriptive correlational study consisted of people who were at least 19 years old and had been treated for cancer at 6 hospital in Seoul. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. The results of this study are as follows: 1. People who attributed cancer to heredity/family showed the highest mean score of self efficacy. People who attributed cancer to smoking showed the highest mean score of depression. and coping. 2. There were significant differences between causal attribution and depression and between causal attribution and coping. 3. There was a negative correlation between self-efficacy and depression(r=-.301, p= .000), whereas there was a positive correlation between self-efficacy and coping (r=.195, 0=.006). Finally, it is evident that identifying clear perceived causes, self-efficacy, depression and coping in patients with cancer continues to challenge researchers. Based upon this study, it is recommended that future research have a longitudinal design that allows for the identification of changes in perception, emotion and coping and, possibly, different relationships over time.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.55-55
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• 2010

북한 지난 2006년 2009년에 두차례 핵실험을 실시하였다. 이 핵실험은 한국, 일본, 중국에 위치한 지진관측소에 높은 신호대 잡음비를 보이며 관측이 되었다. 북한 핵실험의 지진파형 자료를 분석하여 북한 핵실험 특성 파악을 수행한다. 또한 지역지진파의 전파 경로별 변화 특성을 살펴본다. 한반도의 경우, 동해의 지각구조가 급격하게 변화하므로 동해를 가로지는 경로상에 급격한 지역지진파 변화가 관측된다. 이러한 지역지진파의 경로별 변화로 인해 관측소별 판정에 있어 어려움을 야기한다. 여러 관측소 자료를 종합 분석하는 핵실험 탐지 방법을 제시하며, 이를 북한 핵실험에 적용한다. 과거 구소련과 미국의 핵실험 자료와의 차이점을 살펴보고, 북한 핵실험의 탐지의 효율성을 위해 고려해야 할 사항에 대하여 토론한다. 과거 두 번의 북한 핵실험의 특징인 스펙트럼상의 모서리주파수 부근 에너지 강화 현상이 강하게 관측되며, P파의 상대적 강화 현상이 관측된다. 또한 2010년 천안함 침몰사건에 대하여 지진학적 기법을 활용하여 천암한 침몰 원인에 대하여 추정한다. 침몰 사건시간대에 기록된 지진파형 기록을 수집하여 분석한다. 3개의 관측소 지진파형 자료가 분석에 활용된다. 지진파의 분석을 통해 진앙위치를 추정하며, 지진파형에 드러난 특성을 통해 천암함 침몰과의 연관성을 유추한다. 또한, 지진파 진폭과 주파수 특성을 통해 진원 특성과 침몰 원인등을 추정한다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.1-24
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• 2001

본 연구는 자원의존이론, 거래비용이론, 관계계약이론 등의 선행연구를 검토하여 관계지향성의 원인과 성과를 밝히고자 하였다. 먼저 구매기업과 공급기업간의 행동적 관계지향요인과 관계지향성 분석을 실시하였다. 행동적 관계지향요인으로는 정보교환, 조화노력, 행동적 규범, 업무결속을 들고, 관계지향성 분석을 위해 군집분석을 실시하였다. 연구표본에는 C지역의 전문건설업체를 대상으로 500부의 설문지를 배포, 그 중 185부를 회수하여, 적합한 설문 140부가 사용되었다. 군집분석결과 관계지향성 집단은 정보교환, 조화 노력, 협동규범 수용, 업무결속이 모두 높게 나타났고, 비관계지향성 집단은 정보교환, 조화노력, 협동규범 수용, 업무결속이 모두 낮게 나타나 기업간의 관계지향성을 의미있는 2개의 집단으로 나눌 수 있었다. 둘째, 기업간 관계지향성의 영향요인으로 환경의 역동성, 대안의 이용가능성, 공급의 중요성, 상호호혜전략, 신뢰성을 검토하였다. 본 연구에서 선정한 관계지향성에 대한 영향요인들이 관계지향집단과 비관계지향집단으로 분류하는데 얼마나 유용하게 이용될 수 있는가를 알아보기 위해 판별분석을 실시하였다. 관계지향집단과 비관계지향집단의 분류에 환경의 역동성, 대안의 이용가능성, 공급의 중요성은 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 호혜전략, 신뢰성은 의미가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 기업간 관계지향성의 성과로서 실현경쟁우위와 관계유지의도를 검토하였다. 관계지향성이 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 검증하기 위해 MANOVA(multivariatee analysis of variance)분석을 실시하였다. 실증 결과, 관계 정도가 높은 집단이 관계 정도가 낮은 집단보다 실현 경쟁우위수준을 높게 지각하고 관계를 유지하려는 의도가 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.95-112
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• 2020

This paper is to investigate how cognitive bias of college students and entrepreneurs relates to perceived risks and entrepreneurial opportunities that represent uncertainty, and how various cognitive bias and entrepreneurial efficacy In the same way. The purpose of this study is to find improvement points of entrepreneurship education for college students and to suggest problems and improvement possibilities in the decision making process of current entrepreneurs. This empirical study is a necessary to improve the decision-making of individuals who want to start a business at the time when various attempts are made to activate the start-up business and increase the sustainability of the existing SME management. And understanding of the difference in opportunity evaluation, and suggests that it is necessary to provide good opportunities together with the upbringing of entrepreneurs. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, questionnaires were conducted for college students and entrepreneurs. A total of 363 questionnaire data were obtained and demonstrated through structural equation modeling. This study confirms that there is some relationship between perceived risk and cognitive bias. Overconfidence and control illusions among cognitive bias have a significant relationship between perceived risk and wealth. Especially, it is confirmed that control illusion of college students has a significant relationship with perceived risk. Second, cognitive bias demonstrated some significant relationship with opportunity evaluation. Although we did not find evidence that excess self-confidence is related to opportunity evaluation, we have verified that control illusions and current status bias are related to opportunity evaluation. Control illusions were significant in both college students and entrepreneurs. Third, perceived risk has a negative relationship with opportunity evaluation. All students, regardless of whether they are college students or entrepreneurs, judge opportunities positively if they perceive low risk. Fourth, it can be seen from the college students 'group that entrepreneurial efficacy has a moderating effect between perceived risk and opportunity evaluation, but no significant results were found in the entrepreneurs' group. Fifth, the college students and entrepreneurs have different cognitive bias, and they have proved that there is a different relationship between entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation and perceived risk. On the whole, there are various cognitive biases that are caused by time pressure or stress on college students and entrepreneurs who have to make judgments in uncertain opportunities, and in this respect, they can improve their judgment in the future. At the same time, university students can have a positive view of new opportunities based on high entrepreneurial efficacy, but if they fully understand the intrinsic risks of entrepreneurship through entrepreneurial education and fully understand the cognitive bias present in direct entrepreneurial experience, You will get a better opportunity assessment. This study has limitations in that it is based on the fact that university students and entrepreneurs are integrated, and that the survey respondents are selected by the limited random sampling method. It is necessary to conduct more systematic research based on more faithful data in the absence of the accumulation of entrepreneurial research data. Second, the translation tools used in the previous studies were translated and the meaning of the measurement tools might not be conveyed due to language differences. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a more precise scale for the accuracy of the study. Finally, complementary research should be done to identify what competitive opportunities are and what opportunities are appropriate for entrepreneurs.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.934-947
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze products for good taste and convenience, which become an engine to constantly create customers. In addition, this study is aimed at investigating the relationship between the selective attributes of Home Meal Replacement, the perceived utilitarian value, and the repurchase intention, and drawing new suggestions on the Home Meal Replacement market from a new marketing perspective. Based on a total of 215 samples, this study reviewed the reliability and fitness of the research model and verified a total of 5 hypothesized using the Amos program. The result of study modeling was GFI=0.905, AGFI=0.849, NFI=0.889, CFI=0.945, and RMR=0.0.092 at the level of $x^2$=230.22 (df=126, p<0.001). First, the food quality (${\beta}$=0.221), convenience (${\beta}$=0.334), packing (${\beta}$=0.278), and employee service (${\beta}$=0.204) of home meal replacement consideration attributes had a positive (+) influence on perceived utilitarian value. Second, perceived utilitarian value (${\beta}$=0.584) had a positive (+) influence on repurchase intention. The factors to differentiate one company from other competitors in terms of the utilitarian value are the quality of food, convenience, wrapping, and services by employees. This study has illustrated the need to focus on the development of a premium menu to compete with other companies and to continue to research and develop nutritious foods that are easy to cook. Moreover, the key factors to have a distinct and constant competitive edge over other companies are the alleviation of consumer anxiety over wrapping container materials, the development of more designs, and the accumulation of service know-how. Therefore, it is necessary for a company to strongly develop the key factors based on its resources as a core capability.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.541-552
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• 2012

This research is an empirical study on an attributions style of individual economic success based on the attributions theory. I established the title of an empirical study on an attributions style of an individual economic success based on a theoretical analysis and an advanced research of an attributions theory. This paper conducted a survey of 238 adults inhabited in Seoul Metropolitan Area by age and gender sample extraction method for an empirical study. A results on attributions factors of individual economic success, Persons under 1billions won indicated that an individual economic success charged off ingrained environment(72.1%) and efforts(18.0%). Persons over 3 billions won suggested that an individual economic success charged off efforts(48.0%) and ingrained environment(12.0%). A man of few wealth showed that an individual economic success chalked up to an ingrained environment. But wealthy persons demonstrated that an individual economic success charged off an individual efforts by attributions style of cause perception, Weiner(1979).