• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.13-23
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects experienced by cancer survivors through the forest therapy, and to provide evidence for applying the forest therapy program. Nineteen cancer survivors who participated in the forest therapy program hosted by K University were targeted, and qualitative data were collected through three focus group interviews. All interviews were recorded and transcribed and analyzed by subject-specific content analysis method. According to the research results, the attributes of forest therapy experienced by cancer survivors were 'Escape from bondage', 'Time to empty and fill the mind', 'Healing from positive forest stimulation', 'Self met in a space of rest', 'Initiative for life'. Five themes and fifteen sub-themes of 'recovery' were derived. These research results revealed a healing experience of feeling comfortable and physically relaxed through communication with the forest, discovering the self, and regaining initiative in life. It can be seen that the forest therapy is helpful in overcoming the physical, emotional, and psycho-social discomforts of cancer survivors.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.483-497
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• 2013

현대사회가 발전 할수록 대량산업화와 도시화가 심화되어 건축물의 초고층화 및 대형화가 증가하고 있으며, 안전적인 건축물 보다는 건물 및 제조사업장의 시각적인 디자인에 치우쳐 화재하중이 높은 건축자재의 내 외장재 및 고급스러운 장식물을 사용함으로써 그 위험뿐 만 아니라 화재발생시 대규모 인명 및 재산상의 피해를 가져오게 된다. 그리고 제조사업장화재는 화재로 인한 직접적인 손실 즉 물적 손실은 물론 생산중단으로 인한 간접적인 손실은 실로 측정하기가 어렵다. 지금까지 발생한 제조사업장화재의 발화요인별 분석은 부주의, 전기적, 미상 순으로 인한 화재가 가장 많고 발화열원은 작동기기, 담뱃불(라이터), 마찰 전도 복사등이 주요 원인이 되고 있고 대형화제 취약시설로는 공장 및 창고로 나타나고 있다. 소방방재청의 통계자료를 살펴보면 2012년 화재 발생현황 중 발화요인에 대한 화재별 장소 건수를 검토 한 결과 비주거의 화재발생 16,009건 중 5,758건으로 (36%)부주의이고, 주거에도 화재발생 10,715건 중 5,560건으로 51.9%의 부주의로 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 제조사업장의 사소한 부주의로 발생하는 화재를 예방하기 위해서는 소방안전관리자의 처우개선과 기업활동규제완화의 겸직 허용을 재검토 하여야 하며, 소방안전관라자의 실무능력 강화를 위한 소방안전관리 실무교육과정을 이론적 교육 보다는 현장 실습위주로 할 필요가 있다. 이를 위해서는 소방안전관리자에 대한 법정 실무교육 횟수를 확대하여 현행 2년에 1회 에서 1년에 1회로 하고, 실무교육에 있어서도 우수송방안전관리 업체를 선정하여 화재예방에 대한 구체적인 업무를 활성화 하고, 문제 발생요소들을 분석하여 실습을 통한 소방안전관리자의 실무교육을 실시해야 할 것이다. 이러한 전문 소방안전관리자로 소방대상물의 소방교육 및 훈련을 성실히 수행 해야 할 것 이다. 한순간의 부주의로 인하여 화재가 발생하면 돌이킬 수 없는 수백명의 생명을 앗아가고, 수백억원대의 재산피해를 줄이기 위해서는 소방안전관리자의 역량을 넓히고 화재예방 업무를 최우선적으로 수행해야 할 것이다. 화재예방을 위해 소방안전관리자의 업무개선 및 전문교육을 활성화 하여 업무능력을 향상 시켜 화재발생시 초기진압에 신속하고 정확하게 대처해야 한다는 것이 전문적인 화재예방 대책 일 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.61-84
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• 2019

This study is an analysis of Mengshan heshang analects. Mengshan heshang lived in Song(?) and Yuan(?) Dynasty and he was a Buddhist monk of Linji Chan(???). His works handed on Buddhist monks of Goryeo in the late Goryeo Dynasty. And he influenced Buddism in the early Joseon Dynasty. In Joseon Dynasty Mengshan heshang Sermons abstract was confirmed existence of 39 editions and Mengshan heshang Liudao Pushuo was confirmed existence of 24 editions. All 63 editions show that Sermons abstract and Liudao Pushuo are his representitive analects. All editions were printed in early Joseon Dynasty. At that time Mengshan heshang analects was distributed in Joseon Dynasty. Mengshan heshang analects was distributed in all over the nation as well as in Royal Family of Joseon. Also Mengshan heshang analects was published many times in the Mt. Jiri area. The names of almost engravers found on the publications of many temples. Some engravers actively participated in publishing Buddhist scriptures in particular area. His ideas were received in the late Goryeo Dynasty and the early Joseon Dynasty actively and his many works appears like this.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.154-169
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• 2019

This study attempts to shed light on the nature and purpose of the small melon-shaped celadon ewer that was found in the Sinan shipwreck, focusing on the fact that it has the shape of a ewer, yet could not really have served as a tea or liquor utensil given its small size and unusual shape. We analyzed the shape-related characteristics of other melon-shaped celadon ewers as well as this one; checked the use of similar items unearthed in China and Japan; examined the relevant literature, materials, and paintings; and arrived at the following conclusion. First, it was found that the small melon-shaped celadon ewer was one of a type that was first made in the Southern Song Period in China and continued to be made until the Yuan Period. The artifact displays some differences from many similar relics found in the same shipwreck, particularly its spout, lid, and handle. Second, research on the tea ceremonies and types of liquors prevalent during the Song and Yuan Periods of China, as well as the appearance of this ewer, suggest that it was unsuitable for use as a liquor utensil. Third, we looked at the relevant literature records, paintings, and relics unearthed in China and Japan in an attempt to determine its actual purpose. It is well known that the literati had a deep affection for stationery items, particularly water droppers, which were made in a variety of shapes during the Song Period of China and thereafter. According to literature dating from the Song and Ming Periods, it appears that melon- or ewer-shaped water droppers were used. Certain paintings from the Ming Period depict a small ewer, along with a water dropper, as a stationery item. Looking at paintings dating from medieval Japan, small ewer-shaped objects do not figure among the tea and liquor utensils depicted, whereas kettles with handles and hot water bottles do. Objects known as yeonjeok (a water dropper) were included among the items said to have been made in pottery kilns during medieval Japan. However, a book on flower arrangement of Japan dating from the fifteenth century shows a small ewer, with flowers in it, among the stationery items placed on a desk. Based on this detail, it is concluded that the small melon-shaped celadon ewer from the Sinan shipwreck might have been used as a flower bottle as well as a stationery item.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.116
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• pp.181-206
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• 2010

It is widely recognized that human beings have moral responsibility for their actions because they have free will to choose and control their acts. Unlike natural phenomena, however, human acts cannot be interpreted with simple, visible ones. Human acts are quite different from natural phenomena because they come about through a number of complicated, invisible phases taking place in our mind. In addition, human actions are under the influence of internal and external factors. Those various internal and external factors are divided into four sectors as follows; (1) the factors that can fall under control of our free will, (2) the factors in the interim phase that could come under our control, (3) the factors that are partially determined that we cannot choose or control over, and (4) the factors that completely determined, and can't be chosen or controlled. we have to pay attention to the fact that we can choose or control the internal and external factors that influence human action. However, there are still factors that are impossible to choose or control with our will. So it is highly unreasonable to hold accountable for actors by means of the factors that can't be chosen or controlled. Hence, the society should be also accountable for the acts of actors influenced by heredity and environment. For this, Politics should affect the external, undesirable, and uncontrollable factors beyond actors power. Education has to exert its influence over the internal and genetic factors by instilling sound values in human mind, too. It is because happy and desirable future will be possible by giving equal opportunities to us including the youth.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.142-149
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• 2019

In the early 2000s, the Korean government first attempted to acquire nuclear-powered submarines as strategic assets. Acquisition of nuclear-powered submarines must overcome the challenges of the initial costs and operating costs of trillions of US dollars per ship, must be agreed to by the international community (including neighboring countries) and in a national consensus, and must have an established technical infrastructure (including manpower). The US navy has been working with governments that want to acquire nuclear propulsion warships since the 1950s, and in 1982, they enacted an executive order called the United States Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program to consolidate efforts and prepare for the future, which sets out the organizational structure, authority, and responsibilities of US governmental management, and integrates national efforts. This paper is to gain valuable wisdom from the U.S. Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program by analyzing all of its histories and contributions, thereby providing valuable lessons for a future program in Korea. It might not be possible to follow the U.S.A. one-on-one because of the scale of national and military forces, but at least we can avoid time and effort spent on trial and error.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.97-110
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• 2012

This study aimed at considering the original shape of Iljiam Tea Garden at Mt. Daedun. In order to accomplish our goal, we tried to strengthen the authenticity of construction of Iljiam by comparing its space structure depicted in the poetry of Choeui(艸衣) the monk with its current restored state. According to the clues and situation in the poetry along with symbolic words like 'Choeui' and 'Ilji(一枝)', Iljiam seemed to be a tea garden with elegant and celestial beauties, and with a nice view where Choeui the famous monk searched for the highest state of enlightenment by enjoying and living in nature. When we compared the plural aspects of Iljiam like Dacheon(茶泉), Dajo, Mulhwak, Darim(茶林), Chaewon(菜園), and Yeonji(蓮池) with those of Dasan Tea Garden[茶山草堂], we could see that the basic components of tea-culture space of both gardens are the same, showing the organizational principle of the top and bottom area to stress reading and studying. When it is restored, the authenticity of Iljiam should be pursued by linking spatial, historical, and landscaping characteristics as the space of which Choeui the monk carried out Zen meditation and mastered tea. However, the recent grand scale Buddhist business like the expansion of access road and construction of Buddhist sanctuary and Seolimdang became the biggest threat to the authenticity. Especially, it was emphasized many times in various poetry that the view from Iljiam and its surroundings is extraordinary, so it is critical to get rid of obstacles to the view from Iljiam and its surroundings in order to restore Iljiam as its genuine form. The current Iljiam should be re-made because it is like a leaf-roofed garden, not like a hermitage. However, the opinion that Jawoohongryeon-sa(紫芋紅蓮社) is somewhat a Taoistic and Taoist hermit space with a special shape adopted the pattern of building of the Joseon period rather than a Buddhist building can be accepted as long as other convincing historical evidences are found out, considering the ideology of uniting Confucianism and Buddhism and the spirit of Taoist hermit found out from poetry of Choeui and his friends. In conclusion, the restoration of Iljiam in 1979 was carried out to restore the place of Iljiam rather than to restore the originality of Iljiam by combining and referring domestic cases of tea gardens. However, there is not much material for restoration even though the main frame of Iljiam was distorted. Nevertheless, the top and bottom ponds should be constructed as a rectangle shape. In addition, it can be improved much in terms of plants and trees. It is necessary to restore bamboo forest, which was razed in order to make a tea plantation around Seolimdang, to set vines of arbors above the upper limbs, to plant pine trees and willow trees inside of the garden, and to put Dajeolgu under the corner of the eaves. Especially, the bamboo forest emphasized in poetry and took care of by Choeui himself should be restored inside of the garden.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.128-134
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• 2005

This study was conducted to elucidate effect of environmental factors on the development of white rot. In order to identify the causal agents causing white rot of Allium crops, we compared DNA profiles of a representative isolate, Sclerotium cepivorum, introduced from foreign country with Korean isolates using UP-PCR. As a result, Sclerotium isolates forming round-shaped sclerotia were identified as Sclerotium cepivorum pertaining in UP-PCR b group and Sclerotium isolates farming anamorphic-shaped sclerotia presumed to be a novel species of Sclerotium based on DNA profiles of UP-PCR. There was a big difference in DNA band pattern between two species of Sclerotium isolated in Korea. Electron micrographs of scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope showed morphological differences in sclerotial surface structure and rind layers between two species of Sclerotium. There were more wrinkles and pore spaces on sclerotial surface of Sclerotium sp. forming anamorphic-shaped sclerotia than that of Sclerotium cepivorum forming round-shaped sclerotia. Both of two white rot pathogens grew well at the temperature range of $10-25^{\circ}C$ with optimal temperature of $20^{\circ}C$. Sclerotia of the two pathogens were well formed at $20^{\circ}C$ and well germinated at the temperature range of $20-24^{\circ}C$, Effect of pre-incubation of sclerotia on destruction of sclerotial dormancy of two pathogens was evaluated through storing sclerotia under different temperature condition. The sclerotia of the two pathogens showed an increased capacity to germinate on potato dextroise agar when the sclerotia were incubated for 7 days at $10^{\circ}C$ after pre-treatment at $35^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. At that time, germination rate of Sclerotium sp. and 5. cepivorum was $100\%\;and\;70\%$, respectively. Flooding period and treatment temperature had an effect on sclerotial survival rate of the two pathogens. As flooding period and treatment temperature increased, sclerotial germination rate of the two pathogens decreased. It was confirmed that soil humidity played an important role on development of white rot. It was the highest disease incidence of garlic white rot when garlic were sown at potted soils infested with the two pathogens and adjusted soil humidity to $15\%$ (field moisture capacity, about -300 mb). As soil humidity increase or decrease based on $15\%$ of soil humidity, disease incidence decreased move and more.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.67
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• pp.345-378
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• 2017

In the scriptures of "$Ch{\bar{u}}n-qi{\bar{u}}$(春秋)", the expression method of '$Ch{\bar{u}}n-w{\acute{a}}ng-zh{\bar{e}}ng-yu{\grave{e}}$(春王正月 : It's spring. It's the first month regulated by the king.)' was used as Jì-yuè-fǎ(紀月法 : the rules to determine the first month(正月)), the month of winter solstice was regarded as the first month of a year, and three years since then were named as $Ch{\bar{u}}n$(春 : spring). With regard to this "$Ch{\bar{u}}n-qi{\bar{u}}$"Wáng-lì("春秋"王曆 : the calendar regulated by the king of $Zh{\bar{o}}u$(周) dynasty in "$Ch{\bar{u}}n-qi{\bar{u}}$"), depending on whether Confucius(孔子) changed and recorded the names of the months and the season or not, there were three different arguments; the theory that 'Confucius changed the names of both the months and the season'(孔子改月 改時說), the view that 'Confucius changed the name of the season, not the names of the months'(孔子不改月 改時說), and then the theory that 'Confucius changed neither the names of the months nor the name of the season'(孔子不改月 不改時) since Song(宋) dynasty. The first view was taken by $Hh{\acute{u}}-{\bar{a}}n-gu{\acute{o}}$(胡安國) and $C{\grave{a}}i-ch{\acute{e}}n$(蔡沈), and the second theory was mentioned by Chéng-yí(程?) and Zhū-zǐ(朱子). The advocates of the third view had become remarkable since Ming(明) dynasty, and one of representatives was Wàng-yáng-míng(王陽明). All of them based their arguments on ancient scriptures and Confucian legal books, and there were cases of taking the same records as the support for different opinions. Confucius' so-called 'Chūn-qiū-bǐ-fǎ(春秋筆法 : the method to describe historical facts by making clear discrimination between right and wrong)' and '$Sh{\grave{u}}-{\acute{e}}r-b{\grave{u}}-zu{\grave{o}}$(述而不作 : the attitude to succeed virtuous men's achievements and only explain and describe them not creating and adding new contents)' could come from thoughts of $Z{\bar{u}}n-w{\acute{a}}ng$(尊王 : to respect the king with the virtues of benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and sincerity). Therefore, even though Confucius is assumed to have been the writer of "$Ch{\bar{u}}n-qi{\bar{u}}$(春秋)", whether he actually changed and recorded the names of the months and the season in the calendar used in "$Ch{\bar{u}}n-qi{\bar{u}}$" is doubtful. These theories on Confucius's intervention in the calendar of "$Ch{\bar{u}}n-qi{\bar{u}}$" hadn't been discussed as conflicting in reality until Tang(唐) dynasty.

• Journal of Space Technology and Applications
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.283-301
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• 2021

In order to satisfy the intellectual curiosity of mankind to explore the unknown, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the United States and European Space Agency (ESA) in Europe are embarking on various R&D under the motto of the grand dream of pioneering space into a safe and sustainable environment. In the 2020s and 30s, it is expected that advanced giant observation equipment will be in operation, such as the development of a 10-meter-class telescope in space. In Korea, following the development of the 0.15 m Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (NISS), Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) is also participating a 0.2 m Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer (SPHEREx) as an international cooperation partner in small exploration telescope. However, domestic experience in the development and operation of the space telescopes is still insufficient, and there is no plan with long-term prospects for constructing telescopes. In order to answer questions about the unknown world that mankind has not experienced using our own equipment, planning and preparation for the construction of a space telescope through close cooperation among industry-university-institute-government is urgently needed. In this paper, the necessity, background, development goals, and expected effects of the development of the Korean Space Telescope are summarized conceptually, and a working group (WG) is also proposed. In the WG activities, Korea shall take the lead in establishing the Korean-style space telescope development plan, and will start a valuable step to establish the national direction in the field of space astronomy and related technologies. We hope that the WG will be another milestone in Korea's space development.