• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.7-14
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 자연스러운 한국어 운율구 경계를 예측하기 위해 (1) 문장 성분을 하위범주화하고, (2) 세분화된 문장 성분 간 의존관계를 이용하여 통사구를 추출하며 (3) 추출한 통사구의 유형에 따른 운율구 경계 예측 규칙을 설정하였다. 또한, (4) 통사적 정보 외에도 통사구와 문장의 길이, 통사구의 문장 내 위치, 문맥의 의미 정보 등에 따라 가변적인 운율구 경계를 판단하여 보다 자연스러운 한국어 운율구 경계 예측 시스템을 개발하였다. 그 결과 통사구 경계와 상관 관계가 높은 강한 운율구 경계 예측과 운율구 내부 비경계 예측에 있어 90% 이상의 높은 재현율과 정확도를 보였으며, 전체 운율구 경계 예측에 있어서도 87% 이상의 성능을 보였다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.89-105
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• 2008

In this paper, we suggest a rule-based system for the prediction of natural prosodic phrase breaks from Korean texts. For the implementation of the rule-based system, (1) sentence constituents are sub-categorized according to their syntactic functions, (2) syntactic phrases are recognized using the dependency relations among sub-categorized constituents, (3) rules for predicting prosodic phrase breaks are created. In addition, (4) the length of syntactic phrases and sentences, the position of syntactic phrases in a sentence, sense information of contextual words have been considered as to determine the variable prosodic phrase breaks. Based on these rules and features, we obtained the accuracy over 90% in predicting the position of major break and no break which have high correlation with the syntactic structure of the sentence. As for the overall accuracy in predicting the whole prosodic phrase breaks, the suggested system shows Break_Correct of 87.18% and Juncture Correct of 89.27% which is higher than that of other models.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

This study examined the characteristics of linguistic prosody in terms of cerebral lateralization in three groups of 9 healthy speakers and 14 speakers with a history of stroke (7 with left hemisphere damage (LHD), 7 with right hemisphere damage (RHD)). Specifically, prosodic characteristics related to speech rate, duration, pitch, and intensity were examined in three types of interrogative sentences (wh-questions, yes-no questions, alternative questions) with auditory perceptual evaluation. As a result, the statistically significant key variables showed flaws in production of the linguistic prosody in the speakers with LHD. The statistically significant variables were more insufficiently produced for wh-questions than for yes-no and alternative questions. This trend was particularly noticeable in variables related to pitch and speech rate. This result suggests that when Korean speakers process linguistic prosody, such as that of lexico-semantic and syntactic information in interrogative sentences, the left hemisphere seems to be superior to the right hemisphere.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.77-80
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• 2004

원화자로부터 목표 화자의 음성으로 변환을 위해서는 음운 및 피치변환이 이루어져야 한다. 원 음성과 목표 음성 신호 사이에 따른 발성길이, 크기 및 피치 등의 운율 특성은 화자의 개인성 및 발성문장의 의도를 나타내는 주요 역할을 한다. 본 논문에서는 음성 변환을 수행하기 위하여 발성된 음성의 강세구(phrase)단위의 피치 검출을 통하여 템플릿을 추출하는 방법을 제안한다. 우선 한국어의 운율구에 대한 정보가 필요한 것인지, 한국어는 어떤 운율 구조를 갖는지에 대하여 알아본다. 마지막으로 어떻게 연속음성으로부터 한국어에 적당한 운율구 단위를 나눌 것인지, 즉 자동 세그멘테이션 및 레이블링에 대하여 분석한다. 또한 논문에서는 한국어 문장음성의 운율구를 강세구와 억양구로 나누고 육안으로 표시한 운율구 단위를 기준으로 이 운율구 단위에 적합한 특징을 추출하여 패턴을 작성한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.53-54
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• 2017

랩 음악은 장르 특성상 곡에서 가사의 중요성이 매우 크고, 가사 전달을 리듬 중심으로 하기 때문에 가사의 리듬, 운율이 부각된다. 랩 음악 가사의 내용과 운율에 대해 살펴보기 위해 지난 10년간 랩 음악 장르에서 전 세계적으로 가장 큰 인기를 얻고 있는 작사가 겸 가수Drake 와 Lil Wayne 의 곡 23곡을 선정하여 그 내용과 가사 운율을 살펴본다. 내용은 공통적으로 과시를 가장 많이 사용하였으며, 사랑, 유흥 등의 가사에서는 두 작사가의 차이를 보였다. 운율은 두 작사가 모두 규칙적 운율을 주로 사용하였으며, 그 안에 여러 가지 방법을 통해 불규칙성을 더했고, 그 방법을 사용하는 빈도가 다름으로서 운율 사용방식의 차이점을 보였다.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.08a
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• pp.396-400
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• 1998

문장 독립형 화자인식 시스템에 운율정보 사용을 제안한다. 스펙트럴 특징패턴만을 주로 사용하고 있는 기존의 화자인식 시스템은 채널왜곡이나 기타 잡음환경에서 성능이 크게 저하된다. 그러나 화자의 speaking style을 반영하는 운율정보는 주위환경에 강인한 특성을 갖는다. 적합한 코드북 크기와 피치 컨투어 특징 벡터의 길이를 실험 치로 구하여 자동차 소음과 백색 가우시안 소음이 섞인 음성에 대하여 화자인식 실험을 하였다. 실험 결과 소음 환경에서 운율 정보를 이용한 화자 dsltlr 시스템이 스펙트럴 모델보다 인식율이 높음을 보였다.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.55-66
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• 2021

Proper prosody in reading allows the reader to naturally convey the meaning, which manifests as changes in pitch, loudness, and speech rate. Children with reading disability face difficulty in delivering information due to poor prosody. This study identified the difference in prosodic features between children with reading disabilities and nondisabled children through means of reading tasks. Reading tasks, according to sentence types (short sentences, assumptions/conditions, intentions, relative-clause), were recorded by 15 children studying in the 3rd to 6th grade in elementary school. Children with reading disability had a statistically significant wider range of pitch, slower speech rate, more frequent usage of pauses, longer total pause duration, and steeper pitch slope than nondisabled one in sentence-final and -medial words. Children with reading disability, therefore, exhibited a less natural and expressive reading than nondisabled children. Through this study, the characteristics of prosody observed in children with reading disability were identified and the need for an approach for effective intervention was also suggested.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2005

This study investigates the prosodic characteristics of Korean through the analysis of a large database. One female and one male speakers each read 650 sentences and they were segmentally and prosodically labeled. Statistical analyses were done on these utterances regarding the tonal pattern and the size of prosodic units, correlation between the size of higher level prosodic units and the number of lower level prosodic units. and the slope and F0 of the falling and rising contours of an accentual phrase. The results showed that the duration and the number of words and syllables of a prosodic unit were significantly different not only between speakers but also between its positions within a higher level prosodic nit. The munber of a prosodic unit showed a high correlation with the duration and the number of syllables of its higher level units. The slope of the falling contour within an accentual phrase was inversely Proportional to the number of its syllables. The slope was different depending on the first tone type of an accentual phrase, which could be explained with the F0 rising and the different amount of rising between tones when an accentual phrase starts with an H tone. The slope of the falling contour across an accentual phrase boundary showed a constant and larger value compared to one within an accentual phrase. The rising contours in the beginning and end of an accentual Phrase were similar in their slopes but they differ in the amount of F0 change : the former showed a larger amount of change. The slope of the rising contour which forms an accentual Phrase on its own was inversely Proportional to the number of its syllables.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.461-471
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to provide basic data for development of Korean teaching programs for immigrant women from multicultural families through the acoustic analysis of their prosodic phrasing and intonation pattern. The results showed that immigrant women showed some differences in most of the prosodic characteristics from a Korean women's group: Immigrant women realized the first word of a sentence in an intonational phrase while Korean women did in an accentual phrase. They also haven't yet correctly learned the tone type of the first of an accentual phrase which differs depending on the type of its first segment yet. As a result, they showed many diverse intonation patterns compared to Korean women. Furthermore, the immigrant women's groups showed some differences between them in a few prosodic characteristics. Philippine women, whose residence duration in Korea is relatively longer than that of Vietnamese women, were more similar to Korean women: Vietnamese women read a sentence with a larger number of intonational phrases than Philippine women did. And they realized sentence-final boundary tone of a yes-no question not only in 'H%' but also in 'HL%' while, like Korean women, Philippine women did only in 'H%'.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.658-667
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• 2021

Our study aimed to analyze and reinterpret, by an acoustic approach, the descriptions of the 18th century prosody and introduce the figurative pronunciation system, which is the International Phonetic Alphabet pioneer. Our methodology compares and analyzes grammars and documents on the transcription system and restructures the prosodic structure. It is certain that the 18th century grammarians widely accepted the prosody theories made by Arnauld & Lancelot of the seventeenth century. In particular, grammar scholars accepted the dichotomous classification of the accent structures as prosodic and oratorical accents. The prosodic accent has a relation to intonation, and the oratorical accent has as its key elements intonation and intensity. Regarding the temporal structure, the lengthening of the final syllable was observed systematically by grammarians of the 18th century. This time structure is similar to that of today. Therefore, we can conclude that the final elongation, an essential characteristic of the modern French accent, has already played an imbued role in 18th century prosody. Despite this, the 18th century grammarians did not assign it the status of accent, as it was a stereotype that matches accent with intonation.