• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.321-338
• /
• 2009

This study looks at the reasons behind the termination of container transportation between Busan and Incheon in terms of costs structure, the division of profit, and the economic limitation faced in the domestic shipping market. The operation costs have been examined in relation to the components of logistic system of container shipping and the cost function has been estimated. The distribution proportion of operation revenue has been also investigated, considering the different components of logistics activities. In addition, the average revenue of container vessels of 144TEU and 215TEU has been calculated. Economic limitation can be analysed through the optimisation behaviour of shipping companies which tries to maximize profit or minimize loss. In conclusion, domestic short sea shipping can get the economy of scale only by transporting vessels' maximum capacity. It is also vulnerable to trucking market's fluctuation. Without the subsidy for operation, the liner in domestic short sea shipping will stop the service in order to minimize the loss.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.7-19
• /
• 2010

Users of metropolitan railroad is increased continuously because of its various advantage such as comfortableness, convenience and punctuality. Thus, several local government including Seoul considered new installation or extension of railroads and four railroad operators maintain seventeen lines at present. After public transportation reforms in 2004 and integrated discount fare system in 2007, public transportation become more convenient in many aspects. However, these trials gives much more complex allocating problems of revenues among public transportation operators. In this paper, we deal with revenue allocating problems among public transportation operators after integrated discount fare system in 2007. Specifically, this study focuses on allocating revenues to metropolitan railroad operators by using RF card data. This research roughly proposes the methodology of O/D extraction from RF card data, generalized cost estimation and allocating revenue algorithm. We use RF card data in order to draw out exact individual O/D data and try to compare our results with those of Korea Smart Card Company. In generalized cost estimation, survey study about transfer factors is conducted for accurate estimation of generalized cost function. Lastly, new allocating revenue algorithm using k-path and non-dominated path concept is suggested. It is expected that case study is also performed with real revenues and O/D data in order to check up the application. Preposed methodology in this research can contribute to solve present and future revenue allocating issues according to the introduction of LRT and private railroad.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.121-130
• /
• 2011

Real option values of early termination payment for selected BTO PPI projects are studied using binomial models. Two cases of early termination payments are considered; an option with the condition of private participants' default, and an option without the condition. Values vary depending upon parameter values such as revenues, costs, discount rates, debt ratio, and volatility of revenues. For selected projects, the option values without the default condition are estimated as 1%~7% of total project costs, whereas the option values with the default condition are estimated as 0%~1.89% of total project cost. When actual revenues differ from the forecasted revenues, apparently the option values deviate from the values based upon the forecasted revenues. When actual revenues fall short of the forecasted revenues, the option values increase by a large amount whereas the option values decrease by a small amount in the opposite case. This implies that the option values can be quite bigger than the values based upon the forecasted revenue especially when the revenue forecast uncertainty is large. This study is expected to play an important role in improving the early termination payment option policy of the government in PPI projects in Korea.

• Monthly Korean Chicken
• /
• v.3 no.4 s.22
• /
• pp.2-8
• /
• 1997

농축산물 저율관세 수입물량 운영계획 확정 - 닭고기 관련 위생관리 실태조사 예정 - 변이형 닭전염성기관지염 예방 가능 - 뉴캣슬 백신접종율 저조 - 닭 가금티프스 ${\cdot}$ 뉴캣슬병 주의보 산랑율 떨어지고 폐사 지속 - EU, `97년 브로일러 생산 ${\cdot}$ 수출 늘어 - 육계 자동화 행잉시설 개발 - 일본, `96 닭고기 수입감소 전년보다$4{\%}$나 줄어 - 미국 가금산업 신장세 보일 듯 - 국내 닭고기 외식업체 브랜드 역수출 - 96년도 냉동닭고기 1만여톤 수입 - NAFTA, 캐나다 높은 관세 허용 - 수입닭고기 가공용 사용 급증 - 삼계탕 유럽시장에 본격 진출 - 닭고기 수입개방 대처에 대한 세미나 개최

• Monthly Duck's Village
• /
• s.16
• /
• pp.18-20
• /
• 2000

농림부는 지난 5월 2일 가축전염병 예방법 제23조 및 동법 시해규칙 제16조의 규정에 의거 제정 운영중인 가금육의 수입위생조건을 국가별로 하는 태국, 영국, 프랑스, 캐나다, 호주산, 중국산(농림부 고시 2000-34~39호)로 각각 확정 고시하고 시행에 들어갔다. 이로서 2년 4개월동안 수입이 중지됐던 중국산 가금육수입이 재개되어 오리업계에 큰 타격이 예상되고 있다. 한편 미국 및 덴마트산 가금육의 수입위생조건은 당분간 종전의 위생조건이 그대로 적용된다. 이번에 제정된 각국가별 가금육수입위생조건은 대부분이 동일하며 이에 중국산가금육수입위생조건만을 수록한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.25 no.1 s.94
• /
• pp.37-47
• /
• 2007

The Integrated Public Transport Reforms of the Seoul Metropolitan Government, which were implemented on the $1^{st}$ of July. 2004, launched a new fare allocation method. However, when a Private transit operator or a new transport system is introduced into the existing system, it will cause an allocation problem. Therefore, this study aims to Propose a rational fare allocation method which can be applicable regardless of the number of Public transportation modes or operators. To create alternatives, this study has adopted a fundamental principle of revenue allocation methods for the transit or communications sectors, and has applied it to the current transit system of Seoul. This study kas analyzed results of the cost recovery ratios and characteristics of each alternative through case studies. This study kas Presented an assessment criterion Z in order to select an optimal alternative. The criterion consists of the sum of the cost recovery ratio of each operator and the difference of the cost recovery ratio for each agency in inter-agency transit. Using the assessment criterion. the results showed that Alternative 1 is superior to the others : Alternative 1 is considering passenger-km of each operator and unit cost of passenger-km for each operator.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.421-436
• /
• 2016

Public-Private-Partnerships tend to be committed high project development cost and recover the cost through future revenue during the operation period. In general, long-term concession can bring on more revenue to private investors, but short-term concession less revenue due to the short recovering opportunities. The concession period is usually determined by government in advance or by the private sectors's proposal although it is a very crucial factor for the PPPs. Accurate traffic forecasting should be most important in planing and evaluating the operation period in that the forecasted traffic determines the project revenue with user fees in PPPs. In this regards, governments and the private investors are required to consider the traffic forecast risk when determining concession period. This study proposed a model for the optimal concession period in the PPPs transportation projects. Monte Carlo simulation was performed to find out the optimal concession period while traffic forecast uncertainty is considered as a project risk under the expected return of the private sector. The simulation results showed that the optimal concession periods are 17 years and 21 years at 5.5% and 7% discount level, respectively. This study result can be applied for the private investors and/or any other concerned decision makers for PPPs projects to set up a more resonable concession period.

• Transportation Technology and Policy
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.172-174
• /
• 2004

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.121-131
• /
• 2009

This study will estimate the fair return on private participants' investments on BTO type PPI (Private Public Infrastructure) projects using the data from past BTO projects in Korea. In the past, the real returns of $6%\sim9%$ were provided to private participants. The results of this study show that those returns were too high compared with the estimated fair returns, especially for projects with the minimum revenue guarantee (MRG) by the government. Moreover, the excess portion of the return over the fair return becomes even larger when there is a demand forecast bias. In reality, most of the BTO projects have far lower actual revenues than the initial forecasted revenue in concession agreements. This phenomenon implies that BTO projects have a tendency of overly forecasting revenues. If so, the value of the minimum revenue guarantee becomes larger, and therefore, the fair return to private participants should decrease. It is hoped that this study helps future BTO projects' concession agreements between the government and private participants to become more fair from the perspectives of risk and return profiles.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.54 no.4
• /
• pp.384-389
• /
• 2009

Germination characteristics of Chinese milk vetch(CMV) seeds produced from Hanam Province, China and Milyang, Korea were investigated to give basic information on the stability of seedling establishment in the CMV cultivation. The germination percentage of the imported CMV seed from China varied according to importation year and seed collection site ranging from 79~95%. The germination of black colored seed coat was lower than the light green colored ones and germination by seed weight was not significantly different. Although the seed germination was lower under dark than in the presence of light, it was not significantly different. The germination of the imported CMV seed slightly declined to only less than 6% after one-year of storage under natural environment conditions but it significantly decreased after two years. However, when the seed was stored at the $5^{\circ}C$, the seed germination was the same as after two years of storage. On the other hand, fresh CMV seed produced in Milyang, Korea had only 8% germination due to seed coat dormancy but the germination increased to 73~85% after breaking seed dormancy after a year of storage. The high germination percentage of 72~82% was still maintained even after 27 months of seed storage unlike the CMV seed produced from China. These results indicate that CMV seeds do not require light for germination and the seed from China should be used within one-year after importation while the seeds produced from Korea can be used even after two years from harvest for stable CMV seedling establishment in the CMV-rice cropping system.