This study set out to investigate structural relations among positive thinking, identity, sports happiness perception, and athletic burnout and analyze the mediating effects of identity and sports happiness perception on relations between positive thinking and athletic burnout in order to understand the psychological process of athletic burnout experienced by adolescent players. For these purposes, the study applied the convenience sampling method to male and female players at physical education and general middle and high schools around the nation and used total 306 questionnaires as final valid samples. Collected data was tested for the fitness of an overall model with the SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 programs. Then the hypotheses were tested. The findings were as follows: first, subjective satisfaction and pursuit of a goal in the category of positive thinking had significant effects on athletic identity; second, subjective satisfaction and pursuit of a goal in the category of positive thinking had no impacts on sports happiness perception; third, the athletic identity of adolescent players had positive impacts on their sports happiness perception and negative ones on their athletic burnout; fourth, the sports happiness perception of adolescent players had negative effects on their athletic burnout; and finally, athletic identity had mediating roles on relations between pursuit of a goal of positive thinking and sports happiness perception and on relations between pursuit of a goal of positive thinking and athletic burnout.
Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
/
v.27
no.4
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pp.89-97
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2022
This research intends the provide the influence of emotional intelligence and resilience on burnout of University sports athletes. For this purpose, purposive sampling method was used. The subject of this study were 257 University sports athletes from Korea. Data were collected through the self-administrated questionaire which were used by preceding study. The frequency analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to solve the research problems in this study. The conclusion were drawn as follows. First the emotion intelligence influenced to resilience significantly. Second, the emotion intelligence influenced to burnout partially. Third, the resilience influenced to burnout partially.
The effects of taurine, carnitine or glutamine supplementation on endurance exercise performance along with related fatigue factors were evaluated in male college students in the Department of Physical Education, who's maximal oxygen consumption rates (VO$_2$max) were equivalent to those of endurance athletes. Twenty four subjects were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6), and given placebo, taurine (4 g/day), carnitine (4 g/day), or glutamine (4 g/day) tablets for 2 weeks. Subjects could run 6.9 min or 9.0 min longer until exhausted on a treadmill at the intensity of 75% VO$_2$max following taurine or camitine supplementation for 2 weeks, respectively, compared to the value measured prior to each supplementation. Glutamine or placebo supplementation did not improve the endurance exercise performance based on the running time until exhausted on a treadmill. Serum lactate concentrations measured 1 hr after the initiation of the endurance exercise, as well as at all-out state tended to be decreased by taurine, carnitine, or glutamine supplementation, and were significantly lowered (43% decrease) by carnitine supplementation (p < 0.05). Taurine supplementation significantly reduced the serum inorganic phosphorus concentration measured at all-out state (14% decrease, p < 0.05), while carnitine supplementation significantly lowered the resting state serum inorganic phosphorus level (20% decrease, p < 0.05). Taurine (32% reduction) or carnitine (23% reduction) supplementation significantly decreased serum ammonia concentration measured at all-out state (p < 0.05). From these results, 4 g/day of taurine or carnitine supplementation appears to improve the endurance exercise performance and related human fatigue factors.
Seo, Hyobin;Nam, Ju-Ock;Jeon, Byung-Duk;Kim, Pan-Gi;Ryu, Sungpil
Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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v.101
no.4
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pp.626-634
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2012
The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of persimmon vinegar as a functional beverage by analyzing the effects of persimmon vinegar ingestion on the energy substrate during endurance exercise. The healthy male adolescents (n=8) drunk persimmon vinegar ingested trial (PSV) or purified water ingested trial as the control trial (CON) 1 h prior to the exercise with the 60% of maximal oxygen uptake ($\dot{V}O_{2max}$) for 1 h. The exercise intensity was increased to the 80% of $\dot{V}O_{2max}$ and remained until exhaustion. And, the physiological variables, blood components, and amounts of energy oxidation were analyzed. There was no significant difference between trials in physiological variables, and the heart rates after exhaustion were higher in PSV compared to CON. There was no significant difference between trials in blood glucose level, while the blood lactic acids decreased significantly in PSV 30 and 60 minutes after onset of exercise. The free fatty acids concentration increased significantly in PSV from 15 minutes to 60 minutes after onset of exercise. The carbohydrate oxidation decreased significantly in PSV from 45 minutes after exercise and, on the contrary, the fatty acids oxidation increased significantly for the same period. And, fatty acids oxidation was higher in PSV compared to CON even after exhaustion. The respiratory exchange ratio was lower significantly in PSV compared to CON from 30 minutes to 60 minutes after exercise, whereas lower in CON after total exhaustion. The exercise time to exhaustion was 41% longer in PSV compared to CON. These results showed that the persimmon vinegar increase the level of lipids metabolism and decrease sense of fatigue by inhibiting carbohydrate oxidation during moderate intensity exercise, suggesting the possibility of using of persimmon vinegar as exercise functional beverage when ingested 1 h prior to the endurance exercise performance.
Kim, Seung-Kyum;Kim, Chang-Ju;Kim, Hong;Lim, Yong-Taek;Yoon, Sung-Jin
Journal of Ginseng Research
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v.31
no.2
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pp.93-101
/
2007
The purpose of this study is to examine the improvement of endurance exercise performance by taking mixtures of Ginseng Radix rubra and Paeonia Radix. For this purpose, time of exhaustion, $V0_2max$, heart rate, and blood lactate was used as improvement index. The experiments were executed to thirty eight men in their twenties. They were randomly assigned into four groups[CG: control group(n=10), IG: ingestion mixtures group(n=9), TPG: ingestion placebo+training group(n=9), TIG: ingestion mixtures+training group(n=10)]. IG and TIG took mixtures of Ginseng Radix rubra and Paeonia Radix for four weeks, and TPG and TIG exercised once a day, three times a week, exercised for 25 minutes during the first week and added 2 minutes by week during four weeks up to 75% of their maximum heart rate. Time of exhaustion showed statistically significant increase for IG, TPG and TIG. TIG had the longest time of exhaustion and IG the shortest. In case of $VO_2max$, no statistically significant change was found among four groups. However, IG, TPG, TIG showed small increase in $VO_2max$. Similarly, no significant change was found for heart rate in rest even though TIG and TPG appear to have decreasing trend. For maximum heart rate, no significant change was found either, but IG, TPG and TIG showed increase. In case of blood lactate from rest to exercise until 18 minutes, no group had significant decrease. In case of blood lactate in exhaustion, IG, TPG and TIG had significant increase. Blood lactate recovery volume at 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes showed no significant results for all four groups, but TIG and TPG had a small increase.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among perfectionism, stress, and burnout in college golf athletes. Participants were 221 college students. Self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism were found to be the antecedent variables causing stress. Self-oriented perfectionism reduced personal accomplishments, and socially prescribed perfectionism increased the level of burnout. Additionally, perceived stress not only engendered emotional exhaustion but also reduced personal accomplishments. Regarding indirect effects, self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism increased the level of stress and affected athletes' emotional exhaustion and lack of accomplishments. The results will be of use for helping athletes to escape from the perfectionism that occurs due to their obsession with winning, thus laying the foundation for athletes to continue to enjoy their sports.
The purpose of this present study was to investigate the effects of long-term treadmill running and aged garlic extract supplementation on weight, adipose tissue mass, lipid profiles and oxidative stress after exhaustion in high fat diet-induced obese rats. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (3 weeks old) were used as subjects. High fat diets were fed to all subjects for 6 weeks in order to induce obesity. The subjects were divided into five groups - N (normal diet group), HD (high fat diet group), E (exercise group), EA (exercise with AGE diet group) and A (AGE diet group). Aerobic exercise was performed through treadmill running and AGE at a dosage of 2.86 kg/g was administered to rats 30 min before every exercise for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, all groups completed acute treadmill running (speed increasing gradually to 25 m/min, 15% uphill grade) until exhaustion. Immediately after exhaustive treadmill exercise, the weight, adipose tissue mass, lipid profiles and oxidative stress of the rats were assayed. At the end of 6 weeks of high fat diets, body weight and body weight gain were significantly higher in the high fat diet groups than in the normal diet group (p<0.001). At the end of treadmill exercise with AGE intake for 4 weeks, body weight gain, visceral and epididymal fat of the E and EA groups were significantly decreased compared to other groups (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in gastrocnemius and soleus. T-C, HDL-C, TG and LDL-C were not significant in any of the groups. TBARS was significantly lower in the A group than in the E group (p<0.05). These results indicated that body weight gain, visceral and epididymal fat decreased in the E and EA groups, and TBARS levels were lower in the A group than the E group. Regular aerobic exercise intervention with AGE supplementation may also modify the adipose weight and improve the oxidant stress in obese rats.
We investigated the effect of brown-rice vinegar (BRV) ingestion after strenuous Wingate tests on energy substrates during a 2 hr recovery period. For this, seven healthy male adolescents were chosen as subjects. They performed 3 Wingate tests to induce fatigue, after which they ingested brown-rice vinegar (BRV) drink and/or water as a control (CON) after 15 min of the test. Blood was obtained pre-exercise and 30 min, 60 min, and 120 min post-exercise, and blood glucose, lactate, free fatty acids, ammonia, and cortisol were analyzed. After 120 min of recovery period, the 4th Wingate test was conducted to calculate the power recovery ratio of the 3rd and 4th trials. Breathing frequency, oxygen saturation, and heart rate did not show significant changes. Blood glucose level was lower in CON than BRV after 120 min of recovery, and blood lactate and ammonia levels were lower in BRV at 60 and 120 min. The higher free fatty acids were found at 60 and 120 min in BRV. In addition, Wingate power recovery ratio of peak power and peak power/body weight was significantly higher in BRV compared to CON. These results suggested that BRV ingestion after strenuous exercise facilitates fatigue recovery. Therefore, BRV might be effectively used as an ergogenic aid for events in which competitors compete two or more times a day.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether two different exercises, acute exhaustive exercise and long-term endurance exercise training could affect to the expression of Mn-SOD, HSP70, and PPAR-γ protein in myocardium. The Wistar-Kyoto rats(n=24, 4 weeks) were used and randomly divided into 3 groups; endurance exercise training group (EET, n=8), acute exhaustive exercise group (AEE, n=8) or control group (CON, n=8). EET performed treadmill exercise for 12 weeks (5 days/week, 30~60 min/day). AEE exercised treadmill running (speed increased gradually to 14-26 m/min, 60 min ±10min) until exhausted when EET finished the program. Then, all the rats were sacrificed 48 hours rest at least after the last session of their own exercise program. Hearts were isolated and then the expression of Mn-SOD, HSP70, and PPAR-γ were analyzed by western blotting. One-way repeated ANOVA was used and p value under 0.05 was considered as statistical significance. The results were followed as; the expression of Mn-SOD of AEE was decreased compared with CON. However, the expression of Mn-SOD of EET was increased compared with CON. There was significant difference between AEE and EET in the expression of Mn-SOD. The expressions of HSP70 and PPAR-γ in the both AEE and EET were significantly increased compared with CON. In conclusion, acute exhaustive exercise might induce oxidative stress wheres endurance exercise training could ameliorate the oxidative conditions by increase of Mn-SOD, HSP70, and PPAR-γ. Therefore, we suggested that endurance exercise training could enhance the complementary antioxidant system and improve to prevent apoptosis. Further, a long-term moderat aerobic exercise program might play a important role in mitochondrial biogenesis in the heart.
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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v.40
no.12
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pp.1700-1707
/
2011
This study evaluated the effect of multigrain supplementation on exercise-related changes in running time and glycogen storage capacity of male SD rats engaged in treadmill exercise. Thirty-six 6-week-old rats were divided into six groups: normal (Nor) fed normal feed, control (Con) fed with 20% normal feed and 80% milled rice, test group one (GI) fed with multigrain feed I, test group two (GII) fed with multigrain feed II, test group three (GIII) fed with multigrain feed III, and test group four (GIV) fed with multigrain feed IV. Endurance tests by treadmill machine were administered after 24 days of multigrain feed supplementation and adaptive training. Running time was extended and glycogen storage capacity increased in the multigrain-treated group compared to the non-treated group. Also, the fatigue indicators of inorganic phosphorous, CPK, and lactate concentration were all reduced in the multigrain feed group compared to the control group after 25 min and/or exhausted exercise. But there was no difference in GOP, GTP, lactate, or LDH concentrations between the groups. Our results demonstrated that endurance improved with multigrain feed in rats. Specifically, running time, glycogen storage capacity, inorganic phosphorous, CPK, and lactate serum concentration increased. Importantly, the improvements in endurance brought about in the GII group fed with waxy barley was the greatest among the experimental groups.
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