• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.568-572
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• 2008

Background: Minimally invasive surgery is currently popular, but this has been applied very sparingly to cardiac surgery because of some limitations. Our study evaluated the safety and efficacy of atrial septal defect (ASD) closure through a video-assisted mini-thoracotomy. Material and Method: Fifteen patients were analyzed. Their mean age was $31{\pm}6$ years. The mean ASD size was $24{\pm}5mm$ and there were 3 cases of significant tricuspid regurgitation. The working window was made through the right 4th intercostal space via a $4{\sim}5cm$ inframammary skin incision, CPB was conducted with performing peripheral cannulation. After cardioplegic arrest, the ASDs were closed with a patch (n=11) or direct sutures (n=4), and the procedures were assisted by using a thoracoscope. There were 3 cases of tricuspid repair and 1 case of mitral valve repair. The mean CPB time and aortic occlusion time were $160{\pm}47\;and\;70{\pm}26 $minutes, respectively. Result: There was no mortality, but there were 3 minor complications (one pneumothorax, one wound dehiscence and one arrhythmia). The mean hospital stay was $5.9{\pm}1.8$ days. The mean follow-up duration was $10.7{\pm}6.4$ months. The follow-up echocardiogram noted no residual ASD or significant tricuspid regurgitation. Three patients suffered from pain or numbness. Conclusion: This study showed satisfactory clinical and cosmetic results. Although the operative time is still too long, more experience and specialized equipment would make this technique a good option for treating ASD.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.839-844
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• 2004

Background: The Y-composite graft of internal thoracic artery and radial artery is commonly used in coronary bypass surgery. The aim of this study is to look for a way to raise the free flow of the internal thoracic graft and to see flow dynamics of the Y-graft. Material and Method: In 15 patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery, free flow of the in-situ internal thoracic artery graft was measured using two different papaverine application methods; extraluminal papaverine spray in 7 patients and intraluminal papaverine injection in 8. In 18 other patients for whom the Y-graft was used, total free flow and flow changes from the two ends were measured. Result: The free flow of the in-situ internal thoracic artery graft almost doubled with internal papaverine injection than with external papaverine spray $(47.7\pm9.6$ mL/min $vs.100.8\pm26.3$ mL/min, p<0.001). Total flow of the Y-composite graft was significantly more than either flow of the internal thoracic artery end or radial artery graft end $(173.3\pm45.3$ mL/min vs. $121.1\pm34.3$ mL/min or $117.5\pm42.8$ mL/min). When both ends of the Y-composite graft were opened, free flows from the two ends were similar $(85.4\pm27.8$ mL/min vs: $87.9\pm42.4$ mL/min, p=0.772). The flow of one end of the Y-composite graft was increased significantly by clamping of the other-end than when both ends were opened. Conclusion: Intraluminal papaverine injection is very effective in raising free flow of the internal thoracic artery graft, and the free flow of the Y-composite graft of in-situ internal thoracic artery and free radial artery graft is more than that of the in-situ internal thoracic artery graft. The flow of one end flow of the Y-graft may be altered by the flow change of the other end.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.5A
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• pp.407-416
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• 2005

This paper suggests a new geocasting protocol which is used to transfer the geographic packets to the specific region in MANET. Geocasting protocol is basically different from the conventional multicasting protocol that needs group addition and maintenance. A geocasting protocol using the mobile node's position information is the new area of multicasting protocols. The existing geocasting protocols have the following problems; it may be impossible to transfer data to some mobile hosts even if there are alternate routes and they have low adaptability and efficiency when the number of mobile hosts increases. The proposed CBG (Cluster-Based Geocasting) uses the proactive routing strategy and clustering technique with mobile host's location information. The CBG achieves high successful data transmission ratio and low data delivery cost to mobile hosts at specific region.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.56-67
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• 2018

In general, fire and evacuation simulators are used independently to diagnose the safety of building. Because this method does not reflect the movement of pedestrians considering fire spread, it is difficult to expect diagnosis of safety with high accuracy. In this study, we propose the simulation method that can describe the movement of pedestrians in the fire emergency. Our method reflects the FDS fire spread data into FFM and explains the situation in which a pedestrian recognize a fire and escapes to a safe route. This study consists of data linkage between FDS and FFM and development of improved FFM. Experiment of the proposed method is progressed using the EgresSIM. Simulation result shows that the number of evacuees on each exit is affected by the presence or absence of fire and it was confirmed that the evacuation time increase and the bottleneck phenomenon deepened by exit.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.251-258
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• 2012

The conventional network security solutions for manufacturing or factory automation devices are concentrated on protecting the internal networks from the attacks of external networks. Recently, however, so called Day-zero attacks are increased; the threat from internal devices such as notebooks, USB devices are as critical as attacks from external networks. Thus a new security solution is needed to protect manufacturing devices from both external and internal threat. To this purpose, we propose an edge-security system to provide cost effective, integrated, and simple end-point security solution specialized for automated manufacturing devices, which may avoid the shortcomings of NAC.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.112-116
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• 2010

As one of the countermeasures to improve the recovery characteristics of the SFCL (superconducting fault current limiter), the method using the trigger of high-TC superconducting element (HTSC) when the quench in the HTSC element occurred was proposed. To confirm the suggested method, the control circuit to detect the quench occurrence of HTSC element in case of the fault occurrence was designed and the current limiting and recovery experiments of the SFCL using the designed control circuit were performed. Through the analysis for the experimental results, the points of both the open time and the closing time of a power switch comprising the control circuit could be adjusted by the resistance amplitude of a normal conducting current limiting resistor (CLR) and the recovery characteristics of the SFCL together with the current limiting operation could be confirmed to be improved by using the control circuit.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.385-391
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• 2013

As a solution for environmental problems caused by increasing number of vehicles, it is encouraged to use a bicycle as an environment-friendly transportation method. To vitalize the bicycle usage, it is a necessary to construct bicycle roads that are safe and suitable for users. Based on the previous research results, we assume the main purposes of bicycle usages are mainly local leisure activity and school commuting. Thus, the proposed method finds the shortest link between the existing bicycle road network and bicycle usage facilities such as leisure activity places or schools over public road network. Then, we carry out the RTK DGPS survey for the candidate links, and analyze the slopes of them. When the slope of a found link is larger than a threshold, an alternative link is re-found for the safety and convenience of a bicycle user. The proposed method is applied to the real bicycle road network in Mokpo, Chunnam and the results are discussed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.124-132
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• 2011

Background: Antiplatelet agent administration is critical in managing coronary-artery disease, but there is a concern regarding operation-related bleeding and an increase in blood transfusion in such, especially when delivering combined antiplatelet agents. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the administration of antiplatelet agents on off-pump coronary-artery bypass surgery (OPCAB). Methods: From March 2003 to December 2009, 49 patients who had undergone OPCAB were collected retrospectively. The patients were divided into three groups according to the administration of antiplatelet agents before the OPCAB operation: 21 patients were given an aspirin agent (group 1), 19 patients were given combined agents (aspirin+clopidogrel) (group 2), and nine patients were not given any antiplatelet agent (group 3). The three groups' perioperative hematologic and coagulation profiles, including their platelet counts, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, prothrombin times, and aPTTs (activated partial thromboplastin times), and their postoperative bleeding, related complications, transfusion requirements, and operation times, were compared. Results: The operation time in group 2 was 4.3 hours, longer than those in the two other groups, and urgent operation was significantly most frequent in group 2 (63%). The amount of blood loss and the number of patients who received blood transfusion were not different in the three groups. The perioperative hemoglobin level, hematocrit, platelet count, prothrombin time, and aPTT were also not significantly different among the three groups. Conclusion: The continuous administration of antiplatelet agents to the patients in this study did not increase their postoperative bleeding or operation-related complications. Therefore, OPCAB may well be considered even if combined antiplatelet agents are being administered.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.449-453
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• 2009

The primary purpose of this study was to probe the relationship between negotiating efforts on leisure restriction and participation in leisure sports. This study has sampled for 26 days from 2009 February 9th to March 6th 250 adult at the age of 19 living in capital area using the Purposive Sampling Method. The study has then divided these samples into 3groups which are : public people, members of an association club, members of a club. To exclude non-participant of leisure sports, the researcher has visited the leisure sports facilities to sampling survey. The collected data were put into the SPSSWIN 15.0 program to be Factor Analysis, Reliability Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis, Path Analysis. The results are: 1) Negotiating efforts on leisure sports affect the frequency of leisure sports participation: thus, the more effort on leisure activity and eagerness to change the more frequent the participation rate becomes. 2) Negotiating efforts on leisure sports affect the length of leisure sports participation. The means that the recharging through leisure activity and regulatory the intensity can extend the length of participation. 3) Negotiating efforts on leisure sports affect the intensity of participation. The more effort on leisure activity result in higher intensity of participation.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.655-663
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• 2011

Recently, with improvement of internet service technology, web service has been affecting the environment for computing user. Not only current events, economics, game, entertainment, but also personal financial system is processed by web pages through internet. When data transmission is implemented on the internet, webpage acquire text form code and transform them to DOM information, and then shows processed display to user by web browser. However, those information are not only easily accessed by diversified route, but also easily deformed by intentional purpose. Furthermore, it is also possible to acquire logon information of users and certification information by detouring security mechanism. Therefore, this dissertation propose the method to verify integrity of web contents by using BHO which is one of the Add-On program based on MS Internet Explorer platform which is one of major web browser program designed by MicroSoft to detect any action of webpage deformation.