• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.222-232
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• 2001

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) uses focused high-speed primary ions to produce secondary ions from sample surface that are analyzed through a mass filter. SIMS is often called as ion microprobe, since it offers a micrometer-scale spatial resolution. Although the precision and accuracy of SIMS are not as good as many conventional mass spectrometers, it has several advantages such as small sample-size requirement, high spatial resolution and capability of in-situ analysis. In the field of geochemistry/cosmochemistry, SIMS is widely used for (1) stable isotope geochemistry of H, C, O, S, etc., (2) geochronology of U/Th-bearing minerals, (3) lateral distribution of trace elements in a mineral, and (4) discovery of presolar grains and investigation of their isotopic compositions.

• Polymer Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.486-492
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• 2012

• 전기의세계
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• v.58 no.11
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• pp.51-56
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• 2009

산업이 고도로 발달함에 따라 자기장의 정밀 측정 및 발생 등에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 정밀 자기장 측정기를 이용하여 생체.의료공학, 지하광물 및 매설물 탐사, 지진 및 전파방해 예측, 지구물리탐사 및 우주 자기장 분포 측정, 항법장치, 국방 및 우주항공분야, 송유관 부식 연구 등에 활용되고 있다. KRISS에서는 첨단 자기분야의 표준/정밀측정 보급 지원을 위해 자기장 범위 $20\;{\mu}T$ ~ 1.2 mT에서 비자성 실험실, 지구자기장 상쇄장치 등을 이용하여 불확도 (4 ~ 21) ${\mu}T$/T, 자기장 범위 1 mT ~ 2.5 T에서는 헬름홀스 코일, 전자석, NMR 자기장 측정기 등을 사용하여 불확도 (10 ~ 80) ${\mu}T$/T의 표준을 유지하고 있다. 자기장는 자속(magnetic flux) 및 자속밀도(magnetic flux density)로 나눌수 있으며, 그 SI 단위는 웨버(Wb, weber)와 테슬러(T, tesla)이다. 그러나 아직까지 자성재료 등의 특성을 측정하는 전문가들은 SI 단위보다는 지금까지 널리 사용되어온 cgs 단위인 맥스웰(Mx, maxwell), 가우스(G, gauss), 외르스테드(Oe, oersted) 등에 익숙해져 있다. 앞으로 자기분야 전문가들도 기본 SI 단위로부터 소급이 유지되는 SI 자기단위의 사용을 기대해 본다.

• Journal of Space Technology and Applications
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.213-228
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• 2023

Unmanned exploration rovers serve as tools for investigating mineral resources, mining, and carrying out various scientific on celestial bodies beyond Earth, acting on behalf of humans. Recently, not only the United States but also other countries such as Japan, India and China have been attempting to develop unmanned planetary exploration rovers for space development or have successfully operated them on other celestial bodies. This has accelerated the enthusiasm for space exploration and development. However, the development and operation of unmanned rovers for planetary exploration still entail significant costs and high risks, making it difficult for universities or companies to undertake such project independently without the guidance of financial backing from government entities. In this paper, we describe the recent development trends of micro-rovers, known as Cube Rovers, which inherit the concepts and definitions of traditional Cube Sat. We also introduce the potential and expectations of Cube Rovers through the necessity of their development and ongoing planetary exploration cases.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.455-461
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to compare the expert group's recognition with general people's recognition about the image of the future on geo-technoloies. The survey targeting to 215 experts and to 598 people had been completed from July to August, 2017 by a research firm. The research result showed that energy was selected as the first priority by expert group and climate environment, geologic environment, mineral resources and material, living place, space-earth research, and the fourth industrial revolution were sequence ranked by experts. Also, it was analyzed that climate environment was recognized as the first priority and geologic environment, energy, mineral resources and material, living place, space-earth research, the fourth industrial revolution were ranked in sequence by general people group.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.1013-1020
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• 2020

Spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy (SIBS) utilizes an electric spark to induce a strong plasma for collecting atomic emissions. This study analyses the potential for usinga compact SIBS instead of conventional laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in discriminating rocks and soils for planetary missions. Targeting bulky solids using SIBS has not been successful in the past, and therefore a series of optimizations of electrode positioning and electrode materials were performed in this work. The limit of detection (LOD) was enhanced up to four times compared to when LIBS was used, showing a change from 78 to 20 ppm from LIBS to SIBS. Because of the higher energy of plasma generated, the signal intensity by SIBS was higher than LIBS in three orders of magnitude with the same spectrometer setup. Changing the electrode material and locating the optimum position of the electrodes were considered for optimizing the current SIBS setup being tested for samples of planetary origin.

• Journal of Space Technology and Applications
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.154-164
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• 2023

In space exploration, spectroscopic observation is useful for understanding objects' composition and physical properties. There are various methods for analyzing spectral data, and there are differences depending on the object and the wavelength. This paper introduces a method for analyzing visible & nearinfrared (VNIR) spectral data, which is mainly applied in lunar exploration. The main analysis methods include false color ratio image processing, reflectance pattern analysis, integrated band depth (IBD) processing, and continuum removal as preprocessing before analysis. These spectroscopic analysis methods help to understand the mineral properties of the lunar surface in the VNIR region and can be applied to other celestial bodies such as Mars.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.29-41
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• 2024

The increasing demand for metallic minerals due to global growth and the continued exploitation of near-surface minerals requires safe and efficient ways to mine ores present in deep mines. In deep mines, stresses concentrated around the cavity increase, which can lead to problems such as induced seismicity and rockbursts. In addition, the transfer of energy from blasting to deeply located faults can cause fault slip, which can lead to earthquakes, and controlling these events is key to deep mining methods. In this technical report, we will introduce the Underhand Closed Bench (UCB) mining method, which can control possible accidents and increase productivity when mining in deep mines.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.13-28
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• 2019

This study analyzed precipitation environment, heavy metal contamination, and mineral composition of white, reddish brown and mixed precipitates occurring at the Osip stream drainage, Gangwondo. Furthermore, spectral characteristics of the precipitates associated with heavy metal contamination and mineral composition was investigated based on spectroscopic analysis. The pH range of the precipitates was 4.43-6.91 for white precipitates, 7.74-7.94 for reddish brown precipitates, and 7.59-7.9 for the mixed precipitates, respectively. XRF analysis revealed that these precipitates were contaminated with Ni, Cu, Zn, and As. The white precipitates showed high Al concentration compared to reddish brown precipitates as much as 3.3 times, and the reddish brown precipitates showed high Fe concentration compared to white precipitates as much as 15 times. XRD analysis identified that the mineral composition of the white participates was aluminocoquimbite, gibbsite, quartz, saponite, and illite, and that of reddish brown precipitates was aluminum isopropoxide, kaolinite, goethite, dolomite, pyrophyllite, magnetite, quartz, calcite, pyrope. The mineral composition of the mixed precipitates was quartz, albite, and calcite. The spectral characteristics of the precipitates was manifested by gibbsite, saponite, illite for white precipitates, goethite, kaolinite, pyrophyllite for reddish brown precipitates, and albite for the mixed precipitates, respectively. The spectral reflectance of the precipitates decreased with increase in heavy metal contamination, and absorption depth of the precipitates indicated that the heavy metal ions were adsorbed to saponite and illite for white precipitates, and goethite and magnetite for reddish brown precipitates.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.743-753
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• 2020

This study analyzed heavy metal concentration, mineral composition, and spectral characteristics of heavy metal contaminated soil samples of cropland and rice field located in downstream of abandoned Okdong coal mine. X-ray fluorescence analysis detected heavy metal elements including cadmium, copper, arsenic, lead, zinc and nickel in the soils. Both cropland and rice field samples were severely contaminated with arsenic showing higher concentration over the concerned standard. The pollution index of cropland samples was higher than that of rice field samples. X-ray powder diffraction analysis identified that the mineral composition of cropland and rice field samples is similar with quartz, calcite, kaolinite, illite, smectite, magnetite and hematite. The range of organic matter content were more widely distributed in cropland samples. The spectral analysis showed that the reflectance spectra and the absorption features of cropland and rice field samples were alike. The absorption features that appeared near 490nm and 900nm were attributed to the ferric iron, and clay minerals such as kaolinite and smectite caused the absorption features at 1410nm, 1910nm and 2200nm. The reflectance of the soil spectral decreased with an increase in organic content. The absorption depths of both types of soil samples decreased with higher organic matter content at 490nm and 1916nm as well as higher heavy metal concentration.