• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.382-390
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• 2016

Since it is favorable to include the incipient caries lesion in the diagnostic criteria in adolescence, this study had surveyed dental caries status of adolescents at ages of 13 and 16 by using WHO basic methods and ICDAS-II codes. In this study, mean DMFT index was 3.71, and mean DT index was 1.94. For both indices, the age 16 group showed higher values than the age 13 group. By groups of teeth, DMFT index and DT index exhibited highest to the lowest values in molar, premolar, and anterior teeth, respectively. 77.46% of total numbers of teeth were classified as code 0 in ICDAS-II. Compared to anterior teeth, numbers of decayed teeth were increased in posterior teeth. All caries lesions in anterior teeth and premolars were limited to enamel. ICDAS-II code is an useful method to detect the incipient caries lesion, allowing preventive control on caries management.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.395-402
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyse the stability and validity of the related factors to the caries incidence according to the duration. The subjects were 249 elementary school students. Among them, the number of male students was 137 (55.0%). In the first year, all subjects gave the responses of the questionnaire composed of demographic variables and oral heath behaviors. They also received oral examination and tests of Dentocult SM and Dentocult LB. In the 2nd-4th year, they received second oral examination for the assessment of caries incidence on permanent teeth. The relation of oral health-related factors with caries incidence was analyzed by chi square method and adjusted Relative Risk (RR). In the caries incidence rate for 1 year, those who had 2 or higher score of dentocult LB was 2.3 times higher than those who had 1 or lower. The caries incidence rate for 2 years was highly associated with caries on deciduous molars and dentocult LB. The caries on deciduous molars showed strong association with the caries incidence for 3 years. It was suggested that the association between the caries incidence and the related factors was different according to the duration. Therefore, dentists could need to consider the visiting period in the education of the risk factors of dental caries.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.677-683
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• 2008

The purpose of study was to compare the prevalences of severe early childhood caries(S-ECC) using two different diagnostic criteria. The subjects of this study included 401 preschool children from 36 to 71 months of the randomly selected seven nurseries in Iksan city. Severe early childhood caries was defined as (1) 1 or more cavitated, missing (due to caries), or filled smooth surfaces in primary maxillary anterior teeth or (2) a decayed, missing, or filled score of ${\geq}$4 (age 3), ${\geq}$5 (age 4), or ${\geq}$6 (age 5) surfaces. The prevalence determined by maxillary anterior caries and the prevalence determined by dmfs were 26.7%, 28.9% in 3 years, 32.4%, 30.4% in 4 years, 39.4%, 41.3% in 5 years, and 35.4%, 35.9% in all, respectively. The results suggest that the two diagnostic criteria of the severe early childhood caries yield almost the same results.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.162-169
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare the validity of $Cariview^{(R)}$, a new colorimetric caries activity test, with $CRT^{(R)}$ bacteria, a conventional bacterial culture method. In addition, this study assesses the correlation between the dental caries experience and activity between mothers and their children. 34 pairs of mothers and their children under the age of 6 years participated in this study with informed consent. After filling out a questionnaire and oral examination, the two caries activity tests above were performed on each subject. In the results, $Cariview^{(R)}$ scores were statistically significant with children's caries experience (r = 0.598, p < 0.01) and showed higher correlation than $CRT^{(R)}$ bacteria scores. $Cariview^{(R)}$ scores showed statistically significant correlation with the number of decayed teeth in both mothers and children (p < 0.05). In both $Cariview^{(R)}$ and $CRT^{(R)}$ bacteria tests, there was no statistically significant correlation between caries experience and caries activity (p > 0.05). $Cariview^{(R)}$ colorimetric test will be clinically useful for predicting future caries risk and establishing a preventative strategy in pediatric dentistry.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.568-573
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• 2002

The purpose of study was to investigate the caries activity factors of children during orthodontic treatment. Fifty children with fixed or removable intraoral orthodontic appliances were examined for their Cariostat caries activity test scores, gender, age, duration of treatment, appliance type, treatment site, Angle's classification of malocclusion, and the number of teeth with caries experience. The mean age of the high caries activity group was significantly higher than that of the low caries activity group(P<0.01). The duration of treatment of the high caries activity group was longer than that of the low caries activity group, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05). The fixed appliance group showed higher caries activity than the removable appliance group(P<0.01). The caries activity of Angle Class III group was lower than that of Angle Class I group, not significant statistically(P>0.05). The number of teeth with caries experience in the high caries activity group was lower than that in the low caries activity group, not significant statistically(P>0.05).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.426-435
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the proximal caries detecting ability and identify the optimal cut-off values of two types of laser fluorescence (LF) devices; classic type (DD) and pen type (DDpen). The number of proximal surfaces participated in this study were 164 surfaces in primary dentition and 438 surfaces in permanent dentition. Each tooth surface was sequentially assessed by two types of LF devices, and bitewing radiograph. The radiographs were classified into 3 groups in primary dentition ($pR_0$, $pR_1$, $pR_2$), and 4 groups in permanent dentition ($PR_0$, $PR_1$, $PR_2$, $PR_3$) according to the depth of caries, and used as gold standard. In primary dentition, the area under the curve (AUC) values of DD were 0.851 and 0.890, and those of DDpen were 0.883 and 0.917, respectively in enamel caries and dentin caries. In permanent dentition, the AUC values of DD were 0.762 and 0.886, and those of DDpen were 0.828 and 0.958, respectively in enamel caries and dentin caries. When detecting proximal caries in posterior teeth with LF devices, DDpen is more useful than DD in both primary and permanent dentition. However, in primary dentition, DD can also be useful to detect proximal caries.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.161-168
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop a practical caries activity test using laser fluorescence. The subjects of study were 30 children of $7\sim10$ years old. Fluorescence from initial carious lesion of teeth illuminated by an argon laser(488nm) was observed through barrier alter. For evaluation of accuracy and propriety of this method fer caries activity test, teeth with initial caries lesion on buccal or labial surface of children was examined with visual inspection and laser fluorescence. Visual examination for the dDfFtT and the $Cariescreen^{(R)}$ test were also done. The results from the present study can be summarized as follows: 1. Laser fluorescence test could differentiate initial caries lesions more easily than visiual inspection. 3. There was highest correlation(= 0.73) between laser fluorescent test and $Cariescreen^{(R)}$ test and. And also apparent correlation(= 0.66) exists between laser fluorescent test and caries experience measured by dDfFtT.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to classify risk groups according to Caries Risk Assessment (CRA) and to investigate the effect of caries prevention program after 1 year of caries prevention intervention program in 6-year-old infants with high caries risk. The subjects were selected based on responses to CRA questionnaires. At the first visit, oral examination, Cariview, bacteria and saliva flow test were performed. The caries risk group was classified accordingly. The subjects were given fluoride application and oral health education every four months and evaluated the same as the first visit after 1 year. As a result of classifying the risk level according to CRA, more than 80% of the subjects were in the high or extreme high risk. The dft index was increased in all risk groups after the intervention. There was a significant difference between the before and after intervention (p<0.05). The Cariview score showed a slight decrease after the intervention in the moderate and high risk groups. As a result of the evaluation of bacteria test, Streptococcus mutans were decreased to ${\geq}10^5CFU/ml$ saliva after intervention in all groups. Lactobacilli were decreased after intervention in high risk and extreme high risk groups. As a result of saliva flow, there was significant difference between caries risk groups before and after intervention (p<0.05). In conclusion, regular caries management has been shown to influence caries risk factors in high-caries risk children. Also, it is necessary to find out periodical dental risk management system which is suitable for domestic situation through the related studies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.7-13
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• 1997

조직학적으로 유용성이 입증된 산탈회법을 이용한 인접면 비교적 초기 치아 우식의 병소를 형성하여 진단율을 조사하였다. 산 용액을 이용하여 20개 인접면 치아우식을 20개 소구치에 형성하였고, 37개 인접면 치아우식을 30개 대구치에 형성하였다. 건전한 소구치 20개, 대구치 30개를 포함하여 총 96개 치아를 4개씩 나누어 24개의 블록을 형성하였고, 각각 2개 블록의 교합면을 교합시켜서, 교익촬영을 하였다. 촬영 결과를 36명의 치과의사들이인접면 치아우식의 유무를 기록하고, 동시에 및 ROC 분석을 위한 5 개 범주의 판독 기준으로 판독하여 기록하였다. 인접면 치아우식증 유, 무만으로 판독한 결과 진단의 sensitivity는 0.71, specificity는 0.78 이였다. ROC 분석 한 결과의 곡선도표 아래부분의 평균 면적은 약 0.806 이였다. 치아우식증 유무만으로 진단한 결과는 특정한 sensitivity와 specificity 만을 나타내지만, ROC 분석 결과는 주관적 진단 기준과 구별되는 고유의 진단 능력을 표시하는 1-specificity(False Positive)의 변화에 따른 sensitivity(True Positive)의 변화를 연속적으로 나타내어 주었다.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.182-190
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• 2013

Composition of oral microbial flora is suggested to play a role in the maintenance of oral health. Among them, Streptococcus mutans plays an essential role in the formation of dental plaque and it is being noticed as incipient infective bacteria of dental caries. The purpose of this study was to prepare the basic data about distribution of Streptococcus mutans detected from saliva by measuring colony density. It is well known that smoking as well as drinking is a factor of dental caries, however there are few investigations about distribution of Streptococcus mutans either smoking or drinking. The materials of this study were collected from students of dentistry college with general characteristics obtained by self-administered questionnaires. Students were asked to gently chew the paraffin to get saliva for 1 minute. Bacitracin disc in the culture medium was activated for 15 minutes, and then sample was incubated in the activated medium at $37^{\circ}C$ incubator for 48 hours. Streptococcus mutans colonization per 1 ml saliva was measured by the number of criteria. The severe levels of dental caries activity were significantly increased in the case of smoking (from 5.6% to 10%) or drinking (form 0% to 7%), respectively. Also, dental caries activity increased according to smoking and drinking periods longer. However, using the SPSS analytical process (Mann-Whitney's U), no significant differences were observed between the smoking and the non-smoking or the drinking and non-drinking, respectively. These results obtained from dental caries activity of saliva suggest that distribution of Streptococcus mutans following smoking or drinking can be used as a significant information for oral health.