• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.1904-1908
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 해안가 암반대수층에서 전기전도도의 수직적인 변화를 관측하여 조석에 의한 해수와 담수 전이대의 특성을 파악하였다. 연구지역은 부경대학교 대연캠퍼스 주변 해안대수층이며, 응회질퇴적암과 안산암 및 안산암질 화산각력암 등이 분포한다. 연구에 이용된 지하수 관측공 (PK1공)은 부경대학교 대연캠퍼스 내 기숙사 동측에 위치하고 있다. 지하수공의 개발심도는 지표 면하 120 m, 케이싱은 지표면하 19 m까지 설치되어 있으며, 내경은 0.2 m로서 해안가에서 180 m 정도 이격되어 있다. 해안대수층 내 해수와 담수 전이대를 파악하기 위하여 관측공 내에 TLC Meter(Model 107, Solinst)를 삽입하여 전기전도도의 수직적인 변화를 지하수공 내 심도 50 m 까지 측정하였다. 전기전도도의 수직적인 관측은 썰물(low tide)일 때, 썰물에서 밀물(high tide)로 될 때 및 밀물일 때로 나누어 총 3회 수행되었다. 전체적인 전기전도도의 분포는 썰물일 때 $630{\sim}47300{\mu}S/cm$, 썰물에서 밀물로 되는 시기에는 $672{\sim}61900{\mu}S/cm$ 및 밀물일 때는 $678{\sim}67900{\mu}S/cm$로 나타났으며, 따라서 밀물일 때가 썰물일 때보다 전기전도도의 농도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 해수와 담수 전이대의 분포는 썰물일 때 약 $20{\sim}50\;m$, 밀물일 때 약 $20{\sim}38\;m$ 정도로 나타났으며, 이는 밀물 시 해수의 침투로 인해 전이대 하부구간의 농도가 상승하였기 때문이다. 해수와 담수 전이대의 구간을 세분화하여 분석하기 위해, 담수가 우세한 전이대, 주 전이대 및 해수가 우세한 전이대 구간으로 구분하였다. 담수가 우세한 전이대는 썰물과 밀물일 때 모두 지표면하 $20.0{\sim}25.5\;m$ 구간이었으며, 주 전이대에서는 지표면하 $25.5{\sim}25.7\;m$ 정도로 나타났다. 그러나, 해수가 우세한 전이대에서는 썰물일 때 지표면하 $25.7{\sim}50.0\;m$ 구간, 밀물일 때는 지표면하 $25.7{\sim}38.0\;m$ 로서 전이대의 폭이 19 m 정도의 차이를 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 해안가 암반대수층에서 해수와 담수의 전이대는 조석에 의해 영향으로 인해, 썰물 시의 전이대가 밀물에 비해 그 폭이 더욱적음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.41 no.6 s.117
• /
• pp.657-669
• /
• 2006

Rates and processes of bare patch denudation were observed at Janggumokoreum(1,710m) and Minoruem(1,600m) in order to clarify some characteristics of turf exfoliation in the subalpine grassland of Mt. Halla. The bare patches have marginal terrace fronts with a maximum height of 85 cm. The terrace risers usually develop an overhanging edge 2 to 38 cm long that eventually hangs down and protects the riser beneath. The patches are largely covered with angular pebbles and cobbles. The mean rate of riser retreat for the period 2002-2004 is 39.2 mm, equivalent to 19.6 mm/yr. However, there is a disparity of the rate of riser retreat at individual sites. The maximum rate is 131 mm measured at Janggumokoreum patch while the minimum rate is 0 mm at Minoreum patch. The rate of riser retreat also varies with seasons. The thawing season of April exhibits a maximum rate of retreat. The freezing season of October and November and the rainy season of June and July show relatively high rates of retreat. Several Processes such as frost action, aeolian deflation, rainwash, rainsplash and fauna activity cause the denudation of bare patches. In particular, the needle ire action which is combined with rainwash or deflation plays a primary role in turf exfoliation due to the diurnal freeze-thaw cycles occurred over 100 days, melted snow and strong wind in the subalpine zone of Mt. Halla. Rainwash is also an important contributing process in the rainy season because Mt. Halla has the highest precipitation in Korea. By contrast, rainsplash erosion has a minor effect on the bare patch denudation due to the overhanging edge of terrace risers. Recent increase in roe deer appears to be responsible for turf destruction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.89 no.5
• /
• pp.634-644
• /
• 2000

Sterba's theory that stem number maintaining maximum basal area per ha is maximum stem number of a stand, had been applied to data from 103 temporary plots in even-aged Pinus densiflora stands in Kangwon province, Korea and a maximum stem number and mortality model was prepared. DBH growth model which estimates dbh with the independent variables of stem number per ha and dominant height shows the good statistical performance, and explains well differences in dbh growth that would be caused by stem number per ha and dominant height. Basal area model derived from dbh growth model also explains well differences in basal area according to stem number per ha and dominant height. The maximum stem number curve, which is derived from stem number per ha at maximum basal area for dominant height and dbh, represents well the upper range of stem number per ha observed. And maximum stand density index derived from the maximum stem number model for dbh could be used for the index of maximum potential density of a stand. The maximum stem number model and maximum stand density index in this study were not based on stand data with maximum density but based on the temporary data from stands with various density. This maximum stem number model can be applied to the estimation of mortality and maximum potential volume.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.109-115
• /
• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three functional performance tests and one-legged hop test and to establish the reference data of the three functional performance tests of the active young Korean men. Materials and methods: We performed five tests on 40 normal subjects such as one-legged hop test (single hop, triple hop) and the three functional performance tests (carioca test, co-contraction test, shuttle run test). The mean age was 28.4 years. The mean score of Tegner activity scale was 6.2 and Lysholm score 98.2 Mean value and standard deviation were obtained. The correlation of age, height and weight with the results, the relationship between FPT and one-legged hop test and the mean difference between dominant and non-dominant limbs were statistically calculated. Results: All data obtained were normally distributed and there were no significant relationship between age, height and weight. The paired t-test of one legged hop test showed no statistical significance between dominant and non-dominant limbs. The results of one legged hop test had strong relationship with functional performance test. Conclusion; The three functional performance tests can be a useful functional test in ACL-insufficient athletes. Our results can be used as normal reference data of the normal active Korean men.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 2011

Aerosol lidar ratio (extinction-to-backscatter ratio) at 532 nm was determined using 4-year measurements of elastic-backscatter lidar and sky radiometer at Seoul National University of Seoul, Korea. The mean lidar ratio (with standard deviation) based on 4 years of measurements is found to be $61.7{\pm}16.5$ sr, and weak seasonal variations are noted with a maximum in JJA ($68.1{\pm}16.8$ sr) and a minimum in DJF ($57.2{\pm}17.9$ sr). The lidar ratios for clean, dust, and polluted conditions are estimated to be $45.0{\pm}9.5$ sr, $51.7{\pm}13.7$ sr, and $62.2{\pm}13.2$ sr, respectively. While the lidar ratio for the polluted condition is appears to be consistent with previous studies, clean and dust conditions tend to have larger ratios, compared to previous estimates. This discrepancy is thought to be mainly due to the anthropogenic aerosols existing throughout the year around Seoul, which may cause increased lidar ratios even for clean and dust conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2007

This study was performed to provide fundamental data for long-term geomorphic predictions of estuarine sandbars in the Nakdong River. We monitored the geomorphic changes of Jinudo (Jinu Island), which is located on the far-southern side of the first western sandbar. We evaluated the temporal and spatial dynamics of the sandbar and the relationship between erosion and deposit speed with environmental factors. We found that: 1) The south side of Jinudo showed very rapid water channel closing and shoal generation. This phenomenon was more obvious during autumn (September and October) than during spring, with greater water depth reduction and variation between sides. 2) The mean deposit speed for Jinudo was approximately 0.85 mm/day. The deposit speed was 1.32 and 1.26 mm/day for the east and south sides of Jinudo, respectively. The maximum deposit and erosion speeds were 27 mm/day and 26 mm/day in July and December, respectively, on the east side of the island. 3) Mean surface deposit size was 0.18-0.26 mm. The newly deposited sandbar had a rotatively larger deposit size than the original land. 4) Correlation analysis showed that, on the southern side of the island, deposit activity prevailed in the winter due to low precipitation and a northerly wind, while erosion was dominant in the summer due to high water flow and a southerly wind. In contrast, the correlation analysis for the eastern side of the island showed that deposition is dominant when water flow is high. These results indicate that geomorphic dynamics vary among island sides.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.260-266
• /
• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the bacterial microflora of commercial and traditional Kochujang. Computer aided idetification systems were used to identify the bacteria in Kochujang. Seven genera such as Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, pasteurella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus in commercial process and 10 genera such as Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, Flavimonas, Flavobacterium, Gemella, Pasteurella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus in traditional process were identified. Distribution of genus Bacillus was $56{\sim}70%$ during fermentation in the commercial process and $38{\sim}50%$ in the traditional process. B. lichenoformis strains identified in this study were classified into three types by their physiological characteristics.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 2013

In this study we surveyed service satisfaction for the start-up support program and measured the relative importance of the factors that influence service satisfaction. The five service factors(physical facilities, finance and accounting, human resources, marketing, product development) were used to measure service satisfaction. Typically, the relative importance of predictors is assessed by simply comparing their standardized regression coefficients. However, when the predictors are correlated, regression coefficients cannot be used to explain variance shared by two or more predictors. The dominance analysis used by many researchers in recent years to measure the relative importance of predictor variables. In this article, we applied it in satisfaction research for the start-up support program. The results obtained by the dominance analysis are compared with the results obtained by multiple regression analysis. And satisfaction and relative importance of the five factors are analyzed by entrepreneurship motivation. These findings will contribute to the marketing research field relating to service satisfaction. Service satisfaction for the start-up support program can improve based on this study.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 1997

The climatic characteristics of Korea are analized with the data observed from 1972 to 1995 in 66 stations, using the climatic year method expressed by the $K{\ddot{o}}ppen's$ system of climatic classification. The climate of Korea is composed of the six climatic year types : Cfa, Cwa, Cwb, Dfa, Dwa and Dwb type. The Cwa and Dwa type occupy 95% occurrence frequency. The Cwa climatic year type predominates in the greater part of the Southern Area, the east slopes of the Taebaek Range and Cheju-do, the Dwa type does in Yongso Area and the northeastern part of Kyonggi Province. and the Cfa type does in Ullung-do. Such dominant climatic year regions become the stable climatic regions, while the regions where the various climatic types appear become the unstable climatic regions which are distributed in the northern part of the Southern Area and in the southern part of the Central Area owing to the shifts of the border between C type and D type. The border between C and D type is located in the Central Inland Area in the first half of the 1990's which the Cwa type predominates most. On the other hand the border is located in the middle part of the Southern Area in the first half of the 1980's which the Dwa type prevails most. Therefore the extents of the climatic year regions vary each year. In the interannual change of the main climatic year types, the Cwa type shows the increasing trend, while the Cfa and Dwa type reflets the decreasing tendency. The extending trend of the Cwa climatic year region appears during the period of the first half of the 1970's and the period between the latter half of the 1980's and the first half of the 1990's centering around the Southern Area. The Dwa climatic year region which was predominant in the Central Area in the first half of the 1980's has been reduced up till the recent years.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.253-267
• /
• 2012

The study looked into the type and characteristics of debris landforms in Mt. Mudeung. By focusing on the representative area, we aimed to categorize the debris landforms based on the morphologic and genetic characteristcis. The types of debris areas in Mt. Mudeung can be divided into the exposed debris type, mixed type of matrix, and the boulder-hidden type. Supply of block in the debris slope area displays different features depending on types of rocks. For the stony slopes of andesite, the block must be moved from the columnar joint or cliff in the upper part. The andesite debris slopes display dominant edge shape while displaying no round shape. The granite stony slopes display dominant round shape and the present exposed slope was assumed to be formed as the core stone which was deep weathered moved along slope during the periglacial era and the matrix was removed after post-glacial era. The movements of blocks are assumed to be caused by solifluction process. The joint area where granite and andesite areas meet, granite is located beneath andesite area, and this implies that blocks were actively freezing and creeping by solifluction and freezing and thawing at that time. It can be assumes that the granite matrix formed plain slope and then andesite boulder covered up the slope. Currently, the blocks in the stony slopes of Mt. Mudeung shows almost no mobility and the stony slopes created under periglacial climate can be considered to be fossil landform.