• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1992.05a
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• pp.52-52
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• 1992

cisplatin 자체는 용혈작용이 고농도에서 얼었는데 반하여 호중구 자극상등액에서는 저농도에서 높은 용혈작용을 나타내 신장독성이 호중구 활성화에 기인할 것이라는 가능성을 시사하였다. In vitro에서 대부분의 활성산소 제거제는 세포독성 억제효과가 있었으며 in vivo 투여시에도 합성 항산화제인 BHA 등은 혈청 BUN, creatinine치의 현저한 감소를 나타내 좋은 신장독성억제 효과를 보여주었다.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2005

In Vitro hemolysis and methemoglobin (MetHb) formation in olive flounder rythrocytes were investigated using potassium permanganate ($KMnO_4$) ranging from 2 to 250 ppm, stabilized chlorine dioxide ($S-ClO_2$)ranging from 3.13 to 400 ppm, formalin (37% formaldehyde) ranging from 31.3 to 2,000 ppm and copper sulphate ($CuSO_4$) ranging from 0.04 to 5 ppm. Remarkable hemolysis was found to be induced at $KMnO_4$ concentrations of 31.3-250 ppm and $CuSO_4$ concentrations of 0.63-5 ppm. On the other hand, MetHb formation could not be found at the same treatment concentrations. It is suggested that the cell-damaging system of $KMnO_4$ may be similar from that of $CuSO_4$ in the erythrocytes of olive flounder. Remarkable hemolysis and MetHb formation were found to be induced at $S-ClO_4$ concentrations of more than 25 ppm and 6.25 ppm, respectively. Only $S-ClO_2$ showed both hemolysis and MetHb formation among the chemicals used in the present study. Formalin did not provoke hemolysis at the highest concentration of 2,000 ppm but induced MetHb formation at ranging from 250 to 2,000 ppm. These findings reveal that the mechanism involved in formalin-induced cell-damaging effects differs from that induced by $S-ClO_2$ to olive flounder erythrocytes compared with $KMnO_4$ and $CuSO_4$.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.123-125
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• 2000

To investigate the hemolytic toxicities of the Korean basidiomycetes, the cold-water extracts of 22 wild mushrooms were tested for their hemolytic activities on the erythrocytes of a mouse and a rat. As a result, three species including Collybia confluence, Laccaria vinaceoavellanea and Lenzites betulina showed strong hemolytic activities. Of these, L. vinaceoavellanea retained more than 80% of its hemolytic activity even after it was boiled for 30 minutes, while the other two were inactivited in five minutes.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.369-374
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• 2021

Brown blotch disease of oyster mushrooms is caused by tolaasin and its analog peptide toxins which are produced by Pseudomonas tolaasii. Tolaasin peptides form pores in the plasma membrane and destroy the fruiting body structure of mushroom. Lysis of red blood cells, hemolysis, can be occurred by cytotoxic activity of tolaasin. The hemolytic activity of tolaasin is inhibited by metal ions, such as Zn²⁺ and Ni²⁺. When Gadolinium ion was added, a biphasic effect was observed on tolaasin-induced hemolysis, an increase in hemolysis at submillimolar concentrations and an inhibition at millimolar concentrations. The mechanism of gadolinium ion-induced inhibition of tolaasin activity may not be similar to those of the inhibitions by other metal ions. Since gadolinium ion has been reported to change a lateral pressure of lipid membrane by binding to the negative charges of membrane lipids, it may not directly work on the tolaasin channel gating, but rather decrease the stability of tolaasin channel by increasing firmness of membrane.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.1_2
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• pp.26-30
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• 1998

Tetradecapeptide, Mastoparan B(MP B) and its [$Ala^2$]-, [$Ala^4$]-, [$Ala^6$]-, [$Ala^9$]-MP B derivatives were synthesized, and then their antibacterial and hemolytic activities were assayed to examine the effect of hydrophobicity and amphiphilicity on the MP B-induced those activities. MP B and more hydrophobic [$Ala^2$]-, [$Ala^4$]-MP B showed stronger antibacterial activity and less hydrophobic [$Ala^6$]-MP B than MP B did similar or weaker activity, so more hydrophobic [Ala]-MP B derivative had stronger activity. But more hydrophobic [$Ala^9$]-MP B than MP B showed weaker activity because of its Trp substitution by Ala. On the other hand, [$Ala^2$]- and [$Ala^4$]-MP B showed 100.0% and 69.4% hemolytic activity, but [$Ala^6$]-MP B did the weakest activity(6.1%) and [$Ala^9$]-MP B, weaker activity(26.0%) than MP-B. Therefore, more hydrophobic [Ala]-MP B derivative had stronger activity and the effect of amphiphilicity on the activity was weak.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.213-217
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• 2018

Tolaasin secreted by Pseudomonas tolaasii is a peptide toxin and causes brown blotch disease on the cultivated mushrooms by collapsing cellular and fruiting body structure. Toxicity of tolaasin was evaluated by measuring hemolytic activity because tolaasin molecules form membrane pores on the red blood cells and destroy cell membrane structure. In the previous studies, we found that tolaasin cytotoxicity was suppressed by $Zn^{2+}$ and $Ni^{2+}$. $Ni^{2+}$ inhibited the tolaasin-induced hemolysis in a dose-dependent manner and its $K_i$ value was 1.8 mM. The hemolytic activity was completely inhibited at the concentration higher than 10 mM. The inhibitory effect of $Zn^{2+}$ on tolaasin-induced hemolysis was increased in alkaline pH, while that of $Ni^{2+}$was not much dependent on pH. When the pH of buffer solution was increased from pH 7 to pH 9, the time for 50% hemolysis ($T_{50}$) was increased greatly by $100{\mu}M$ $Zn^{2+}$; however, it was slightly increased by 1 mM $Ni^{2+}$ at all pH values. When the synergistic effect of $Zn^{2+}$ and $Ni^{2+}$ on tolaasin-induced hemolysis was measured, it was not dependent on the pH of buffer solution. Molecular elucidation of the difference in pH-dependence of these two metal ions may contribute to understand the mechanism of tolaasin pore formation and cytotoxicity.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.62-65
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• 2008

Purpose: Vitamin $B_{12}$ and folic acid are type of water-soluble vitamin and those work as a secondary vital enzyme, but especially those are involved in the nuclear DNA synthesis. Those are mainly measured in order to diagnose megaloblastic anemia and to assess the storage of folic acid during pregnancy. It is generally known that the hemolyzed serum is useless for folic acid and vitamin $B_{12}$, but it is not easy to abide by this information because our lab (Samkwang Medical Laboratories) is reference laboratory. We tested how much the extent of hemolyzed serum had influence on the results. Materials and Method: We performed the tests of vitamin $B_{12}$, folic acid. For the hemolysis effect study, we used 40 cases. According to the level of A, B and C groups, each group had 10 samples which were mechanically hemolyzed serum. Results: Hemolysis did not affect the vitamin $B_{12}$ results. However in case of folic acid, the value increased according to the degree of hemolysis. And severe hemolyzed cases had the highest value (greater than 20 ng/ml). Conclusions: Preventing the hemolysis, it has to be informed that blood-collecting, separation and storage are performed more carefully. As you see from the above results, hemolyzed serum is not proper for folic acid test, and hemolysis does not affect the results of vitamin $B_{12}$. However, for the more accurate results, it is necessary to avoid hemolysis.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 2002

In the previous studies, we surveyed 68 Korean wild mushrooms for their hemolytic activity and found that cold-water extract of Hebeloma crustuliniforme contained heat-resistant hemolysin. In this study, partially purified hemolysin of the mushroom was obtained by cold-water extraction followed by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, solubility fractionation and then dialysis. The hemolysin was found to be > 12,000 in molecular weight and its optimal hemolytic temperature was $37^{\circ}C$ and it's hemolytic activity, on washed erythrocytes and unwashed erythrocytes, respectively, was in the order of sheep > rat > human ${\geq}$ mouse > chicken and sheep > mouse > human ${\geq}$ rat > chicken. When ip injected into ICR mice at 1.38 mg/kg, it incurred prompt hemolysis as well as severe renal toxicity and hepatotoxicity. These results strongly suggest that the toxicity of Hebeloma crustuliniforme, which had been well-known as a toxic wild mushroom, may be at least partly due to its hemolysin.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2000

Tolaasin is a peptide toxin produced by Pseudomonas tolaasii and causes a brown blotch disease forming brown, slightly sunken spots and blotches on the cultivated mushrooms. It is a lipodepsipeptide consisting of 18 amino acids and its molecular mass is 1,985 Da. It forms a pore in plasma membranes, resulting in the disruption of membranes of fungal, bacterial, plant, and animal cells as well as mushroom tissue. In order to measure the toxicity of tolaasin, erythrocytes of blood were used to evaluate the tolaasin-induced hemolysis. Hemolytic activity of tolaasin was measured by observing the absorbance change either at 420 nm, representing the release of hemoglobins from red blood cells(RBCs), or at 600 nm, representing the density of residual cells. The hemolytic activity of culture-extract of P. tolaasii increased at early-stationary phase of growth and was maximal at late stationary phase. The hemolytic activity of tolaasin appeared high in the RBCs of dog and rat. The RBCs of rabbit and hen were less susceptible to tolaasin. The effects of various cations were also measured. $Cd^{2+}$ and $La^{3+}$. as well as $Zn^{2+}$ appeared inhibitory to the tolaasin-induced hemolysis. The effects of various anions on tolaasin-induced hemolysis were measured and carbonate showed the greatest inhibition to the hemolysis. However, phosphate stimulated the tolaasin-induced hemolysis and no effects were observed by chloride and nitrate.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.137-140
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• 1995

Saponin isolated from Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn has been shown to contain a strong anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, several pharmacological properties such as acute toxicity, local irritation and hemolytic activity of Sapindus saponin and its genin component, hederagenirl, were examined. The acute toxicity of Sapindus saponin was very low. Estimated from the LD$_{50}$ values, it showed much weaker toxicity in oral administration than in intraperitoneal injection. Hederagenin gave a very high LD$_{50}$ value even in intraperitoneal injection. Sapindus saponin showed a potent local irritation after topical application, whereas hederagenin did a very weak local irritation. Sapindus saponin also gave a high hemolytic activity.