• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2000

In order to predict the chromatogram for organic acid in ion chromatography, Langmuir isotherm parameters were obtained by Retention Time Method (RTM) and moment method. Ion chromatography analysis for formic acid was performed and compared with theoretically predicted profiles under isocratic condition. Band profiles were estimated with the equilibrium-dispersive model of chromatography using a PDEsolver Macsyma . The relationship between the characteristics of chromatogram and the variable operating condition in chromatography such as the flow rate, ionic strength and injection volume was studied. Satisfactory agreement was observed between the experimental and the estimated chromatograms with parameters obtained form the moment method.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.572-575
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• 2009

지층 내에 발달한 고투수성 단층은 유체, 에너지, 그리고 용질이 이동하는데 있어서 중요한 역할을 하는 지질구조이다. 따라서 고투수성 단층 주변부에서는 온천, 지열 이상대, 그리고 금속 광상 등이 형성될 가능성이 크다. 이 연구에서는 열-수리적 거동 모델링을 통하여 단층에 의한 온천 또는 지열 이상대의 형성 원인을 확인하였다. 단층의 구조에 따른 지하수 유동과 이에 따른 지층 내 열적 상태를 확인하기 위해서 단층 구조가 다른 3가지의 경우에 대해서 2차원 열-수리적 거동 정류 모델링을 수행하였다. 모델링 결과 단층 구조가 다른 3가지의 모든 경우에서 단층의 투수율이 커지면 단층대에서의 용출 온도가 초기 온도 보다 높아지는 경향을 확인 할 수 있고, 경우에 따라서 모암의 투수율 역시 용출온도에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인 하였다. 따라서 심부지열 개발을 위한 연구지역에 대해 보다 정확한 예측 모델링을 수행하기 위해서는 단층의 구조, 단층과 모암의 투수율, 그리고 수리지질학적 정보 등이 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2001

Various charged homogeneous membranes were fabricated by blending of ionic polymer with a non-ionic polymer with different ratios. In this study. sodium alginate, chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) were employed as anionic. cationic and non-ionic polymers, respectively. The permcation and separation behaviors of aquCOll::; salt solutions have been investigated through the charged membranes. As the content of ionic polymer increases in the membrane, the hydrophilicity of the membrane increases and pure water flux as well as solution flux increases correspondingly, indicating that the permeation performance through the membrane is cletemunecl mainly by its hydrophilicity-, Electrostatic interaction between the charged membrane and ionic solute molecules, that is. Donnan exclusion was observed to be attributed to salt rejection to a great deal of extent, and molecular sieve mechanism was effective [or the separation of the salt solution under a similar electrostatic circumstance of solutes.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.409-415
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• 2023

Apart from developing better membranes, a clever reconfiguration of membrane cascade process can improve the solute selectivity and minimize solvent consumption. In this work, solvent resistant cellulose nanofiltration membranes were fabricated and the solute rejection performance in various organic solvents were tested. Interestingly, cellulose membranes exhibited unique negative rejection profile in non-polar solvents. Such trend could be exploited to yield reverse selectivity, which showed that low molecular weight solute could be concentrated in the retentate. It was found that more than 3-fold solvent saving could be achieved at the same final purity.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2013

Recently, waste water treatment system is developed in small and middle size to get more economic advantage. Freeze concentration system has high thermodynamic efficiency and low energy consumption, can re-use purified water and cold energy obtained from ice. This study was experimentally performed to investigate pollution containment in frozen layer by cooling wall temperature, air-bubble flow methods, initial ice-lining thickness of frozen layer in NaCl aqueous solution and the representative heavy metals, Pb and Cr aqueous solution. As the result, a decrease in the cooling wall temperature bring a higher growth rate of ice front and the more solute was involved in frozen layer. The method to inject directly air-bubble into ice-liquid interface through ring shape nozzle gave high purity of ice compared to indirect method. Ice lining in 5mm thickness resulted in frozen layer with higher purity than 1mm thickness.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.561-574
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• 2009

Unsaturated/saturated groundwater flow and solute transport model, VSFRT2D(Variable Saturated Flow and Reactive Transport model) was developed considering effects of pumping, irrigation, and denitrification. VSFRT2D employed Richards equation as governing equation for groundwater flow and previously existing unsaturated models modified by including computational procedure of evapotranspiration at surface using Thornthwaite method when precipitation doesn't occur. Bioremediation processes based on monod kinetics are described using four nonlinear contaminant transport equations and three nonlinear microbes transport equations. The developed model was applied to field data in Hongsung area contaminated with nitrate. In order to identify the effect of precipitation, pumping, evapotranspiration, irrigation, fertilizer application, and various bioremediations on groundwater flow and contaminant transport, individual processes were separated and simulated. Then all results obtained from the individual processes are compared with each other. The simulation results show that bioremediation had a negligible effect on nitrate concentration change. However, pumping for irrigation, precipitation, and nitrogen fertilizer application showed profound influences on nitrate concentration change.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.57-62
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• 2004

Streamline simulation researches have been extensively accomplished due to the swiftness of computation and the reduction of numerical dispersion. In this study, we developed a streamline simulation model using a semianalytical solution of ID transport equation. To validate accuracy of the developed model, we compared simulation results of contaminant transport, which were acquired by streamline simulation models using an analytical solution, a numerical solution, and a semianalytical solution. The developed model using the semianalytical solution matched well with the model using an analytical solution. However, streamline simulation model using a numerical solution showed numerical dispersion. For an advection-dominant flow, there was little difference in the simulation results between the developed model and tile analytical model, but the differences between the analytical model and the numerical model were cleary shown. From the comparison of computing time we know that the streamline simulation using the semianalytical solution is 2-60 times as fast as the streamline simulation using the numerical solution.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2007

The diffusion behavior of phenol, toluene and benzoic acid in aqueous SDS solution was examined. It showed a similar experimental results for phenol and toluene. The diffusion coefficients of the solutes were characterized by the presence of two distinct regions: below the cmc and above the cmc. For phenol and toluene, it remained approximately unchanged when the SDS concentration was below the cmc. Above the cmc there was an apparent decrease in the diffusion coefficients of the two solutes with increasing SDS concentration. However, for benzoic acid the diffusion behavior was different from that of phenol and toluene. The diffusion coefficient of benzoic acid decreased slightly with increasing SDS concentration, however the diffusion coefficient was almost constant above the cmc. For benzoic acid the diffusion behavior was dependent on the joint contribution of benzoic acid molecules as well as the benzoate ions.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.9-19
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• 2007

This study investigated the interaction between groundwater and stream water systems, which is caused by the artificial weir on streambed, enforcing external stresses on the groundwater system. The study area is in Nami Natural Recreation Woods located in Chungcheongnam-do Geumsan-gun Nami-myeon Geoncheon-ri. In this study both of hydrophysical methods (hydraulic head) and hyrdochemical investigations (pH, EC, major ion analysis) were applied. In order to identify the relationship between each of study results, cross-correlation analysis is performed. From results of hydrophysical methods, water level fluctuation at BH-14, installed by the weir, shows the double-recession pattern much more frequently and much higher amplitudes than the fluctuation at each of other monitoring wells. Using the results by hydrochemical investigations, hydrochemical properties at BH-14 is similar to the hydrochemical characteristics in stream water. To analyze the interrelationships between the results from each of applied methods, cross-correlation analysis was applied. Results from the correlation analyses, water levels at BH-14 and stream weir showed the highest cross-correlation in hydrophysical aspects. On the other hand, the correlation between stream weir and bridge was the highest in hydrochemical aspects. The difference between the results from each of methods is due that the hydrophysical response at BH-14, such as water level, is induced by the pressure propagation-not with mass transfer, but the hydrochemical interaction, caused by mass transport, takes much more times. In conclusion impermeable artificial weir on streambed changes the interfacial condition between the stream and surrounding aquifers. The induced water flux into the groundwater system during flood period make water level at BH-14 increase instantly and groundwater quality higly similar to the quality of stream water. Referred similarities in both of water level and water quality at BH-14 become much higher when water level at weir grow higher.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.18-30
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• 1993

A numerical analysis has been carried out on the Czochralski flow fields when uniform and nonuniform magnetic fields are applied. Czochralski flow fields are governed by buoyancy forces, thermocapillarity, centrifugal forces, and applied magneic fields. In this analysis, pressure and three components of velocity vectors are obtained, and circumferential electrical currents are calculated. When a uniform magnetic field is applied, all the velocity components are decreased and the circumferential electric currents near the crystal surface are increased as the magnetic field intensity is increased. In the case of a nonuniform field, the flows in a meridional plane are suppressed and the circumferential velocity is increased as the non uniformity is increased. The understanding on the Czochralski flow fields under the influence of magnetic fields can lead to the study on the behavior of the concentration of the solute and impurities.