• Title/Summary/Keyword: 용존 규소 농도

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Temporal and Spatial Variability of Nutrients Variation in Bottom Layer of Jinhae Bay (진해만과 주변해역 저층 영양염의 시·공간적 변동 특성)

  • Choi, Tae-Jun;Kwon, Jung-No;Lim, Jae-Hyun;Kim, Seul-Min
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.627-639
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    • 2014
  • In respect of the nutrients cycling in coastal environment, regeneration in bottom layer is one of major source of nutrients. We analyzed the bottom water quality at the 14 stations during 9 years from 2004 to 2012 to investigate the characteristics of nutrients at bottom layer in Jinhae Bay. Concentrations of DIN, DIP and DSi showed the large seasonal variation and were higher in summer. Especially, average concentrations of these nutrients were two times higher in hypoxic season than in normoxic season. In summer, high concentrations of DIN, DIP and DSi caused by regeneration were common feature, but spatial distribution of DSi differ from that of DIN and DIP. DIN and DIP were higher in Masan Bay, while DSi was higher in Masan Bay as well as in center of Jinhae Bay. In comparison with DIN and DIP, DSi was significantly affected by nutrients regeneration at bottom layer in whole season. According to time series analysis, DIN concentration was decreased from approximately $14{\mu}M$ to $6{\mu}M$. This result induce that Si:N ratio at bottom layer in Jinhae Bay changed from approximately 1 to 3.

Effects on Density and Dominant rate of Periphyton by Variation of Dissolved Silicon Concentration (용존규소농도의 변화가 하천 부착조류의 밀도와 우점율에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Jeon, Kyoung-ho
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.703-709
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    • 2009
  • In this study, an artificial-waterway experiment was conducted, using an attachment plate, on which algae from Nanakita river was placed, to examine the influence exerted by the variation of the dissolved-silicon concentration on the river periphyton. As a result, the variation of the dissolved-silicon concentration was found to exert an influence on the density of the adhesion diatom, and the mole ratio limits of the silica were about $Si/P{\fallingdotseq}182$ and $Si/N{\fallingdotseq}16.4$ or less. Moreover, the mole ratio that is necessary for proliferation was found to be larger than the value of the oceanic algae. Senedesmus sp. and Ankistrodesmus sp., which used silica in adhesion chlorophyta, received the influence of the silicon concentration strongly, and the twowere found to be superior in the environment, making silica a restriction factor.

황해 동부해역에서 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시공간적 분포에 미치는 환경요인에 관한 연구

  • Park, Seung-Yun;Son, Jae-Gyeong;Yun, Suk-Gyeong;Heo, Seung;Kim, Seong-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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    • 2007.05a
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    • pp.308-311
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    • 2007
  • 황해의 25개 조사정점의 표층수에 대한 해양환경요인 및 식물플랑크톤 현존량의 월별 조사결과를 종합하여 주성분분석(PCA)을 실시한 결과 주성분 I에서는 변화를 26.6% 설명할 수 있으며, 이중 질산질소가 가장 많이 기여하였고, 이어서 용존무기질소, 규산규소, 수온, 용존산소, 암모니아질소 순으로 기여 하고 있었다. 주성분 II에서는 20.3%를 설명 할 수 있으며, 이중 용존산소가 가장 많이 기여하였고 그 외 엽록소 a, 수온, 염분, 규산규소, 식물플랑크톤 현존량 순으로 기여 하였다. 주성분 III에서는 15.1%를 설명 할 수 있으며, 이중 인산인이 가장 많이 기여하였고 그 외 염분, 아질산질소, 수온, 용존산소, 질산질소, 용존무기질소 순으로 기여하였다. PCA에 이용된 항목 중 부유물질은 제외한 모든 항목은 주성분 I, II, III에 5%이하 유의수준에서 의미 있는 상관성이 있었다. 주성분 I은 질산성질소, 용존무기질소, 규산규소, 인산인과는 긍정적인 상관성(p<0.0001)을 갖고, 수온, 암모니아질소와는 부정적인 상관성을 보였다(p<0.001). 주성분 II에서는 용존산소, 엽록소 a, 식물플랑크톤 현존량은 긍정적 상관성을 나타내었고, 수온, 염분, 규산규소와는 부정적인 상관성을 보였으며(p<0.0001), 주성분 III에서는 염분, 수온, 질산질소, 용존무기질소, 식물플랑크톤 현존량과는 긍정적인 상관성(P<0.0001)을 나타내었고 인산인, 아질산질소, 용존산소는 부정적인 상관성을 나타내었다 (p<0.01). 공간적인 분포특성은 조사정점에 따라 항목별 결과에 대한 분산이 커서 일정한 특성을 도출하기가 어려운 상태이나 대체로 PCA II축을 기준으로 상부인 $1/4{\sim}2/4$분면에 북부와 중부의 조사정점이 위치하고 음의 방향인 $3/4{\sim}4/4$분면에 중부와 남부의 조사정점이 위치하고 있어 북측의 307선과 308선 및 중부의 309선과 310선 그리고 남측의 311선과 312선으로 구분되어지는데 그 중에서 태안반도의 연안역인 307선의 03점은 계절에 변화가 가장 커서 분산의 폭이 심한 상태로서 다른 조사정점들과 구분되어진다. 전반적으로 북측해역에서는 용존산소, 엽록소 a, 식물플랑크톤 현존량이 남측해역에 비해 상대적으로 많은 반면, 남측해역은 수온과 염분 및 규산규소가 높은 상태이었다. 북쪽인 307선과 308선은 연안역과 외해에서 상대적으로 영양염류가 높았으며, 중부인 309선과 310선은 연안역과 준 외해역인 07점과 09점에서 영양염류가 높았었고, 남부 해역인 311선과 312선에서는 연안역에서 영양염류가 상대적으로 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 즉 황해 동부는 연안역에서는 조석간만의 차가 심하고, 새만금 및 시호호등과 같은 대규모의 간척 매립으로 육상의 오염원이 자정작용을 거치지 못하고 직접 연안으로 유입되고 있는 실정이다. 또한 10여 년 전부터 육지의 모래부족으로 다량의 바다 모래가 채취되어 왔고 그 량이 점차 증가추세이며, 중부외해역에서는 각종 폐기물 투기로 점차 영양염류의 부하량이 증가되고 있어 특히 질소계와 인의 영양염류 농도가 높아지고 있는 추세이다. 시간적 변동특성은 전반적으로 순환하는 형태를 유지하고 있다. 2005년 2월에는 질산질소, 용존무기질소, 규산규소, 인산인, 용존산소가 높았었으며 4월로 접어들면서 항목 간에 분산되는 경향을 보이면서 수온, 엽록소 a 및 식물플랑크톤이 증가 하면서 해역에 따라 좌우로 분산되는 경향을 나타내었고 6월에는 아질산질소를 제외한 영양염류가 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 8월에는 6월에 비해 수온이 높아지고 규산규소, 질산질소, 용존무기질소 등이 약간 증가추세이었으며 10월로 접어들면서 증가추세가 더 높아졌었고 12월에는 질산질소, 용존무기질소, 규산규소, 인산인, 용존산소가 높아졌었다. 2006년 4월에는 2005년 4월에 비해 수온, 엽록소 a, 식물플랑크톤의 현존량이 높아져서 전년 동시기와 약간 다른 양상을 보이고 있었다. 즉 동계인 2월을 시작으로 반 시계 또는 시계 방향으로 순환하는 형태를 유지하고 있으며, 4월은 2개년 비교해 보았을 때 해마다 해양환경에 따라 그 순환 정도 및 형태가 다를 것으로 추정된다.

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The Variation of the Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients in the Costal Area of Gunsan, Yellow Sea from 2001 to 2010 (서해 군산 연안의 2001년부터 2010년까지의 용존성무기영양염류의 변동)

  • Heo, Seung;Kweon, Jung-Ro;Park, Jong-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.357-365
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    • 2011
  • The variation of the dissolved inorganic nutrients were investigated four times per year in the costal area of Gunsan, Yellow Sea from 2001 to 2010. Water samples were collected at 10 stations and phsico-chemical parameters were analyzed including water temperature, salinity, suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, chlorophyll a and dissolved inorganic nutrients. The average of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) for ten years at Gunsan area showed similar concentration between surface and bottom. The average of DIN at surface was 0.421mg/L (0.198~0.846mg/L) and bottom was 0.344mg/L(0.148~0.717mg/L). The highest value of annual average of DIN at surface was 0.846mg/L in 2002 and the lowest value was 0.198mg/L in 2010. The percentage of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate for the average DIN of 10 years showed 27%, 3% and 70% which showed most of DIN was nitrate. Dissolved inorganic phosphate(DIP) for ten years at Gunsan area showed similar concentration between surface and bottom and DIP was decreasing from 2003 to 2010. The average of DIP of 10 years was 0.024mg/L and annual average 0.021mg/L in 2008, 0.007mg/L in 2009 and 0.008mg/L in 2010 which showed decreasing pattern from 2007 to 2010. The average of DIN/DIP ratio from 2002 to 2010 was 6.0(3.2~10.1) at surface and 4.6(2.6~7.0) at bottom. The average value of dissolved inorganic silicate from 2004 to 2010 showed 0.372mg/L at surface layer and 0.352mg/L at bottom layer and was on decreased from 2006 to 2010. The Spearman's correlation analysis was carried out to knowrelation among the salinity and dissolved inorganic nutrients at the surface and bottom layer. The correlation factor of DIN was -0.72, DIP was -0.46 and dissolved inorganic silicate was -0.63 at surface layer and DIN was -0.70, DIP was -0.44 and dissolved inorganic silicate was -0.57 at bottom layer. The dissolved inorganic nutrients at the nearshore of Gunsan was affected from the freshwater discharge of Geum river. Especially, a lot of DIN flowed into the nearshore of Gunsan from Guem river. The concentration of dissolved inorganic nutrients at Gunsan showed high at station 1, 2 and 3 and there was a little concentration differences according to the cruise time. The concentration of dissolved inorganic nutrients showed high value at the station 1, 2, 3 which exist nearshore of Gunsan city and it means these stations mainly affected by Geum river and Gunsan city. The annual average of dissolved inorganic nutrients showed gradually decreased from 2003 to 2010 and we need more research on this conditions.

Seawater Quality of Jinhae Bay and Adjacent Sea of Gaduk Island, Korea (진해만 및 가덕도 주변 해역의 수질 환경)

  • Kim, Kyung-Tae;Kim, Eun-Soo
    • Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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    • 2009.06a
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    • pp.137-143
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    • 2009
  • 진해만과 가덕도 주변 해역에서 2007년 2회(하계와 추계)에 걸쳐 표층 및 저층수 조사를 실시하여 수질 환경 특성을 파악하였다. 수온은 표층이 저층보다 높았는데 여름이 가을보다 표 저층간의 차이가 컸으며, 염분은 가덕도 남쪽에서 낙동강 물의 유입 영향으로 저염분을 나타내었다. 부유물질은 표층수의 경우 진해만 및 연안에서 높고 외해에서 낮았으며, 과거의 조사 농도 범위에 속하였다. POC는 계절별로 분포 차이가 있지만 유기물 유입원에 대한 근접성과 기초 생산아 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. COD는 표층에서 오염원의 영향이 많은 진해만에서 높고 외해로 가면서 낮아졌다. 여름에 진해만 일부 정점은 해역별 수질기준 III등급이었다. DO는 저층이 표층보다 낮았는데 특히 진해만 내완 외해의 깊을 수심 정점에서 차이가 크고, 하계에 성층에 의하여 수증간에 큰 자이를 나타내었다. 인산염-인과 규산염-규소는 저층수에서 용존산소가 낮아짐에 따라 높은 농도를 나타내는 경향이 강하였으며, 암모니아-질소도 내만의 저산소층에서 높은 농도를 보였다. 표층수의 용존 무기질소는 신항과 가덕도 주변에서 높고 진해만 서쪽 및 외해로 갈수록 낮아졌으며, 과거 조사 농도보다 낮고 좁은 변동 범위를 보였다. 총 질소와 총인도 외해역에서 낮은 농도였으며, 표층보다 저층이 높은 추세였고 여름에 더욱 뚜렷하였다. 총질소 평균 농도로는 해역별 수질기준과 I등급을 만족하였으나 정점별로는 $I{\sim}III$등급까지 변화가 컸는데 진해만 내의 저층 또는 외해의 깊은 수심을 갖는 정점에서 등급이 좋지 알았다. Chl-a는 진해만 내 또는 가덕수도에서 높은 분포였으며, 신항과 가덕도 남쪽에서는 과거보다 낮은 농도였다.

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Spatiotemporal Variations of Marine Environmental Parameters in the South-western Region of the East Sea (동해남부연안 해양환경특성 시공간적 변화)

  • Won, Jong-Ho;Lee, Young-Woo
    • The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.16-28
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    • 2015
  • In order to elucidate the spatiotemporal variations of marine environmental parameters, we collected seawater samples in the south-western region of the East Sea in May, August, and November 2012 and February 2013. The concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients (dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicate) in surface seawater during the summer season were lower than those during autumn and winter seasons, which the mixed layer is deeper. The low nutrient concentration in spring and summer seasons seems by consumption of dissolved inorganic nutrients by phytoplankon photosynthesis (high chlorophyll a concentration) and the limited supply of dissolved inorganic nutrients from subsurface layer having high nutrients. The low nutrient concentration during spring season seems to be related to the limited supply of dissolved inorganic nutrients from land and subsurface layer because the concentration of chlorophyll a was low. The DIN:DIP ratio was a wide range of average $15.6{\pm}13.6$ in the surface seawater compared to that of average $14.8{\pm}4.2$ in the bottom seawater during sampling periods. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen might act as a limiting factor of the growth of phytoplankton because the DIN:DIP ratio (on average $8.35{\pm}4.67$) was low during the spring season.

Changes in Planktonic Communities and Environmental Factors between Open Versus Closed Artificial Marine Microcosms (개방형 및 폐쇄형 인공해양소형생태계에서 미소생물상 및 수환경의 변화)

  • Jung, Seung Won;Kang, Don-Hyug
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.403-411
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    • 2015
  • To understand differences of environmental factors and planktonic communities in closed (CS) versus open (OS) enclosed experimental systems, we performed a study on a 100-L indoor-type artificial marine microcosm. For environmental factors, including water temperature, dissolved inorganic phosphorus, and dissolved silica, there were no significant differences between CS and OS; however, salinity was higher in CS than that of OS due to the evaporation effect. The concentration of dissolved oxygen and dissolved inorganic nitrogen was lower in CS than in OS. The abundance of phytoplankton was lower in CS than in OS. However, abundance of autotrophic nanoflagellates and heterotrophic bacteria varied inversely with that of phytoplankton abundances. In particular, the abundance of heterotrophic nanoflagellates and ciliates increased with bacterial growth after a time lag. Therefore, environmental factors and planktonic communities in CS gradually changed over time and characterized a different artificial ecosystem than in OS.

Quartz Dissolution by Irradiated Bacillus Subtilis (방사선을 조사(照射)한 Bacillus Subtilis에 의한 석영 용해)

  • Lee, Jong-Un
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.335-342
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    • 2009
  • The effects of bacterial lysis on the rate of quartz dissolution were investigated under pH 7 condition using Bacillus subtilis cells which were either irradiated or non-irradiated with gamma ray. The amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) which resulted from bacterial lysis increased in slurries of quartz and bacteria mixture over experimental period. Lysis of non-irradiated bacteria led to the elevated concentration of dissolved silicon when compared with abiotic control. Concomitant increase in the amounts of DOC and dissolved silicon over time indicated that lixiviation of silicon from quartz was due to bacterial lysis. Higher amounts of DOC and dissolved silicon were present in the irradiated bacterial slurries than those of non-irradiated bacteria. The enhancement of quartz dissolution in the irradiated bacterial slurries was likely attributed to disruption of organic molecules in the bacterial cells by gamma ray and formation of effective ligands for quartz dissolution. The results suggest that the effects of bacterial lysis on mineral weathering rate should be considered for prediction of time for released radionuclides to migrate to surface biosphere in high level radioactive waste disposal site.

Spatiotemporal Variations of Marine Environmental Characteristics in the Middle East Coast of Korea in 2013-2014 (2013-2014년 한국 동해중부연안 해양환경특성의 시공간적 변화)

  • Lee, Yong-Woo;Park, Mi-Ok;Kim, Seong-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.274-285
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    • 2016
  • In order to elucidate the spatiotemporal variations of marine environmental parameters, we collected seawater samples in the middle east coast of Korea in 2013-2014. A high temperature and low salinity were distinctively observed in the summer and a low temperature and high salinity pattern in the winter. The temperature of the bottom water was in the range of $2^{\circ}C$ to $7^{\circ}C$, with the temperature being relatively high in the winter, while the salinity was measured to be around 34, with no large differences across the seasons. The dissolved oxygen concentrations were in the range of $7mg\;L^{-1}$ to $12mg\;L^{-1}$, and it was relatively high in May compared to other seasons. The seawater temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration at the surface layer showed a significant negative correlation in the autumn and winter seasons, based on which it is seemed that water temperature is the main factor controlling the amount of dissolved oxygen in the autumn and winter seasons. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and silicate (DSi) increased 11- and 7-fold, respectively, in the winter compared to the summer. The DIN to DIP (dissolved inorganic phosphorus) ratio for the surface seawater was approximately 16, but it was relatively low in the spring season. On the other hand, the DIN to DIP ratio was relatively high in the summer. Based on this, it is seemed that nitrogen and phosphorus were the growth-limiting nutrients for phytoplankton in the spring and summer, respectively. Water quality was I (excellent) ~III (medium) level at the most stations except for some stations (level IV) during the autumn season, having low dissolved oxygen saturations.

A Study on the Status of Marine Environment Management of Sea Port Cities - Focused on Busan Metropolitan City and Incheon metropolitan city - (해항도시의 해양환경 관리실태 분석 - 부산광역시와 인천광역시를 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Sang-Goo
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.259-263
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    • 2011
  • This study explores ways to improve the actual conditions of ocean environment by conducting a comparative study on the current sea-water quality of Busan Metropolitan City and Incheon Metropolitan City that are representative sea port cities in Korea. The indices used to evaluate the sea-water quality include water temperature, salt content, PH, DO, COD, DIN, T-N, DIP, T-P, Sio2-Si, floating materials, and Chi-a. The findings of the analysis can be summarized as follows: First, ocean environmental states of Busan Metropolitan City and Incheon Metropolitan City are getting increasingly worse between the year of 2000 and 2003. Second, T-N, DIP and T-P have been main contributors in worsening ocean environmental states of Busan Metropolitan City and Incheon Metropolitan City.