• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.57
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• pp.169-200
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• 2014

This paper is aimed at defining the meaning of 'de' in The Book of Document on the basis of it's various example of use and the relation between it and tian(天) ming(命). The conclusion is that 'de' in this book means a special quality of fulfill a ideal role required to a specific being. By the way the role in the case of man is determined by his position. Therefore 'de' is redefined as a special quality of fulfill a ideal role required to a specific position. In short, de can be defined as 'appropriation to a specific being'. The ideal role which is the basis of de is determined first-hand by tianming (天命) and a king's order according to it, and is determined basically by mores. The meaning of 'de' in this book as 'appropriation' defines 'de' monistically and also connotes easily it's various example of use. De in the case of things is interpreted as appropriation to it's nature and in the case of man to his position. And the meaning of 'de' like this gives the basis to interpret 'governing with de'(德治) in the Analects of Confucius as zhenming(正名).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.824-836
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• 2021

In this study, the use of '心' letter used in classic Chinese book of 『Hwangjenaegyeog』 and its meaning was examined. In Chinese letters, '肉' is a sign that symbolizes the body. The letters '肝', '脾', '肺', and '腎' expressing the five human organs all contain the form of '肉'. So they don't cause semantic confusion. However, the Chinese letter that means heart and mind are written as '心'. As a result, it is difficult to understand the meaning of '心'. In addition, the contents of 『Hwangjenaegyeog』 cover various fields from disease to astronomy. For this reason, a total of 286 '心' letters used in it have various meanings. The results of this study are as follows. First, it means human heart. Second, it means the human chest. Third, it refers to mind. Fourth, it means a transcendent concept like spiritual enlightenment. Fifth, it refers to pericardium. Sixth, it refers to logical thought Seventh, it means center or core, and finally does constellation. in the eastern sky of ancient Asia. The results of this study are thought to be helpful in grasping the meaning of '心' in the classical literature as well as in 『hwangjenaegyeonglyeongchu』.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.39
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• pp.1-32
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• 2021

The purpose of this article is to explain the conceptual changes that the notion of Haewon (解冤) has undergone by examining the evolution of the usages of Haewon. In order to achieve this purpose, I reviewed the conceptual connotations and denotations of Haewon contained in data from the Joseon Dynasty (Section 2), the Japanese colonial period (Section 3), and the scriptures and major preceding research of Daesoon Jinrihoe (Section 4). The research results described in this article are as follows. First, Haewon is a term with historical, social, and cultural characteristics. This means that Haewon, a term that has been used since the Joseon Dynasty, was a concept used to solve collective problems but could also be applied on the individual level. This further means that, if culture is regarded as a collective consciousness or as a collection of material products, Haewon would be a term that contained social and cultural aspirations. Second, Haewon is not a concept that has been impervious to innovation throughout its history. This can be confirmed by the fact that Haewon's scope of application has changed depending on the problem domain (legal, natural disasters, an institutional domain, etc.). Third, Haewon has converted into religious language a doctrinal system that came about after the emergence of Jeungsan. This means that previously the concept of Haewon was mainly used at the legal level in the Joseon Dynasty, but after the emergence of Jeungsan, it became a term in religious language and in doctrine. The materials of Daesoon Jinrihoe show that this concept of Haewon was expanded to be included at the doctrinal level. These research results show a historical shift in the ideological thought contained in the concept of Haewon. As a term in religious language that is included in a doctrinal system, Haewon has an extension of denotations that is applied to the world beyond individuals and societies, yet it maintains connotations of resolving grievances. This concept of Haewon mediates the transformation of the world and creates a rationale by which training and ethical practice are necessary components of that process of transformation.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to examine the square shape cases of rafter end header with special reference to wooden architecture and Uigwe records. In Uigwe, the member Bangyeon is widely used in multiple Changung and Chansil, and it is the most used in various gates in the buildings. It is also found in Haenggak and Subokbang. In the surviving wooden architecture, Bangyeon is found in pavilion, colonnade and gate in Changdeokgung Palace, and it is often seen in palace architecture. It is rare in private sector, and it is shown in Sangju Yangjindang and Andong Songsojongtaek. A total of 48 cases in Uigwe, can found records of Bangyeon. According to the records, mainly Yeonggeon Uigwe and Salleung Uigwe, it can be found that gates, also Bangyeon was used.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.7-14
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• 2017

Rafter is a member for roof and plays a role in protecting shaft members under rafter such as pillar, beam and girder from natural environment and to fix by supporting finished materials of roof. It is common in the Korean architecture that rafter cross-section is paired with circular form and Buyeon cross-section is paired with the square shape. However, while there are not many, some architectures have rafter end header in the square shape. The aim of this study is to examine the square shape cases of rafter end header with special reference to stone structure. As a result, among stone structure related to Bangyeon, the majority case is seen at Palgakwondang type Seungtap. It was shown in the Seungtap of monk of Gusanseonmun school in the later Unified Silla to the early Goryeo period that succeeded Seodang Jijang.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.49-64
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• 2000

본고는 무구정광대타라니경에 사용된 무구신자의 성격을 구명하기 위해 무주신자와 이를 제정한 측천무후에 대해 선행연구를 통해 살펴보고, 무주시대에 적용된 무주신자의 용례를 고찰하여, 본경에 사용된 례와 비교 분석한 것이다. 먼저 본경에 사용된 신자의 자형을 무주시기에 사용된 신자의 자형과 비교를 해본 결과, "초.증.수"자의 신자들은 상당한 차이가 났다. 또한 신자의 조합원리와 의미상에서 비교해 본 결과 더욱 차이가 있었다. 다음으로 신자사용의 적용례를 비교해 본 결과 역시 비교가 안될 정도의 차이를 보여주었다. 따라서 본고에서는 본경에 사용된 신자와 무주시기에 사용된 신자사이에 시간적.공간적으로 상당한 거리가 있기 때문이 이와 같이 자형과 사용례에서 극심한 차이가 있는 것으로 이해하였다.것으로 이해하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.369-371
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• 2000

예제 기반 기계번역 시스템에서 해석의 정확도를 높이기 위해서는 대량의 고품질 대역 코퍼스가 필요하다. 이 대역 코퍼스는 예문을 단순히 나열해 놓은 것이 아니라 일정한 표현 형식에 따라서 기술한 대역 패턴들이다. 본 논문에서는 용언과 필수항인 명사구들로 이루어지는 고정표현을 정의하고 한국어와 영어의 대역 패턴을 기술하여 지식베이스를 구축한다. 빈도수가 높은 용언 5,000개를 중심으로 한영사전에 있는 용례 58,000여 개의 고정표현 지식을 구축하였다. 본 논문에서는 고정표현 지식베이스를 구축하는 과정을 기술하고, 고정표현 지식을 기술하면서 발생하였던 여러 가지 문제점을 예와 같이 기술한다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.58-65
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• 1991

사전은 자연어를 처리하는 핵심 부분을 이루고 있다. 그러나 기존의 한국어 사전은 기계적인 처리에 직접 이용하기에는 크게 미흡하다. 특히, 사전의 기본을 이루는 표제어 수록에 관한 연구는 더욱 취약한 형편이다. 본 연구는 새로운 한국어 사전의 표제어률 구성하기 위하여 대형 말뭉치를 수집하였다. 이 말뭉치를 이용하여 기존 사전에서 빠져있는 미등록어들을 찾아내어 수록하고, 말뭉치에 나타난 각 단어의 출현 빈도를 조사하였다. 이 연구를 수행하기 위하여 형태소 분석기, 용례 분석기 등의 필수적인 텍스트 처리 도구들을 개발하였다. 또한, 말뭉치에 나타난 어절 단위의 오류 분포를 조사하여 밝히었다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.191-196
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 자바 기반의 품사부착 코퍼스 작성 도구를 제안 및 구현한다. 본 시스템에서는 각 사용자가 독립적으로 실행하지만 주요 데이터베이스는 서버에서 관리함으로서 지식을 공유할 수 있고, 품사부착 작업에 있어 사전에 만들어진 어절 후보로부터의 선택 및 사용자 입력이 가능하도록 한다. 고빈도 오류어절의 자동 표시 기능, 용례 검색을 통한 도움말 기능, 코멘트를 기반으로 구성된 집단 지식을 이용한 도움말 확장 기능 및 사전 검색 기능을 구현한다. 또한, 일관성 검사를 통해 품사부착 결과에 대한 신뢰도 증가 및 작업의 편의성을 증대시킬 수 있도록 설계한다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2006.10e
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• pp.205-212
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 추상적 사고를 가능하게 해주는 개념은유 표현의 서술어를 분석하여, 추상개념의 근원영역을 찾는 알고리즘을 HowNet 지식 시스템을 이용하여 제안하고자 한다. 실제로 추상개념 '문화' 가 쓰인 242개의 은유 표현 용례 문장을 가지고 제안된 알고리즘으로 근원영역을 찾고. 이를 토대로. 목표영역 '문화' 의 근원영역이 추론기에 의하여 자동적으로 추론되는 HowNet 기반 은유 온톨로지의 구축 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 또한, 한국어 '문화' 와 영어표현 'Culture'의 근원영역 비교를 통하여 구축된 온톨로지를 영어 번역 및 작문에 어떻게 활용할 수 있는지 보이고자 한다.